Escort Group B2

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Escort Group B2
Allegiance British Empire
Branch Royal Navy
Type Escort Group
Role Anti-submarine warfare
Size~9 ships
Part of Western Approaches Command
Garrison/HQ Lisahally
March"The Zumba Zumba Za". [1]
EngagementsConvoy HX 219
Convoy SC 118
Convoy ONS 4
Convoy SC 129
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 Donald MacIntyre

Escort Group B2 was a convoy escort British formation of the Royal Navy which saw action during the Second World War, principally in the Battle of the Atlantic. The group was under the command of Cdr Donald Macintyre, one of Britain's most successful anti-submarine warfare commanders.

Contents

Formation

Escort Group B2 was one of seven British escort groups which served with the Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF), which provided convoy protection in the most dangerous midsection of the North Atlantic route.

The group was formed in the spring of 1942 and originally consisted of the Havant-class destroyer Hesperus as group leader with the Town-class destroyer Leamington, V-class destroyer Veteran, and the Flower-class corvettes Gentian, Clematis, Sweetbriar and Vervain. [2]

Later in the year the low-endurance destroyers Leamington and Veteran were replaced by longer-ranged V and W-class destroyers Vanessa and Whitehall and the Flower-class corvettes Heather, Campanula, and Mignonette joined the group. [3]

Service history

The group commenced convoy escort duties in April 1942, in the critical mid-ocean section of the North Atlantic route, operating between Londonderry and St John's Newfoundland.

The first convoys, in the spring of 1942, were uneventful and as the pace of the Battle of the Atlantic heated up in the summer and autumn the group's convoys were escorted without loss.

In October 1942, ON 138 came under attack but a vigorous defence by B2 ensured no ships were lost. [4] In December 1942 it was accompanying HX 219 when the convoy came under attack. Hesperus responded and counter-attacked and destroyed U-357 by ramming it. As a result, Hesperus was out of action for 2 months.

In February 1943 a depleted B2 under temporary command of Cdr Proudfoot escorted Convoy SC 118. This convoy came under attack by wolfpack Pfeil and lost eight ships for three U-boats destroyed in one of the hardest fought battles of the campaign.

In April during an attack on ONS 4, ships of the group sank U-191.

In May in an attack on SC 129 B2 sank U-186 and damaged U-402 and U-223 for the loss of two ships.

A series of uneventful convoys followed, as the U-boat arm withdrew from the North Atlantic after Black May, a state of affairs which continued until the end of the year.

During this period the group had escorted over 30 convoys, totalling over 900 ships of which only 10 were lost. [5] No warships were lost from the group, which accounted for three U-boats destroyed and two others damaged, and shared in the destruction of three others, in its 2-year career.

U-boats destroyed

Convoys escorted

OutboundHomebound
ON 83SC 81
ON 97SC 86
On 107HX 198
ON 118HX 203
ON 128HX 208
ON 138HX 213
ON 148HX 219
ON 159 SC 118
ON 170SC 123
ONS 4SC 129
ONS 9SC 134
ONS 13SC138
ON 198SC141
KMS 28MKS 27
ONS 22HX 267
ONS 25HX 273
SL 157.

Senior Officer Escort

FromToCaptain
April 1942April 1944Cdr Donald MacIntyre

Notes

  1. ↑ MacIntyre, 1956, p.
  2. ↑ Rohwer & Hummelchen, 2005, p. 124
  3. ↑ Rohwer & Hummelchen, 2005, p. 227
  4. ↑ Blair, 1994, p. 42
  5. ↑ Hague App III
  6. ↑ Kemp, 1997, p. 98
  7. ↑ Kemp, 1997, p. 111
  8. ↑ Kemp, 1997, pp. 115–116

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References

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