See also
- Ciner Wyoming, United States [4]
- Kazan Soda Elektrik, Turkey
Native name | Eti Soda A.Ş. |
|---|---|
| Type | Private company |
| Industry | Chemicals |
| Founded | 1998 |
| Headquarters | , Turkey |
Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | |
| Owner |
|
The Eti Soda Inc. is a chemical industry company in Ankara Province, Turkey producing natural soda ash and baking soda from trona. It was founded in 1998, and the production started in 2009. The company's main shareholder is Ciner Group.
Trona ore deposits were discovered at Beypazarı, around 80 km (50 mi) northwest of Ankara, during drilling operations for coal exploration in 1979. Exploration works for trona ore reserve continued until 1985. [1] According to world's leading consulting firms, mining of the trona ore at Bypazarı was not feasible with known methods. The state-owned mining company Eti Maden and the privately held Ciner Holding jointly took a risk and developed solution mining method for extraction of trona ore. The method, which was new in the world, has been then patented. [2] In 1998, the Eti Soda Inc. was established in Ankara. The building of the soda production and cogeneration plants were completed between 2007 and 2009. [1]
The production of soda ash started with an official inauguration ceremony, which took place in presence of Prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Hilmi Güler in March 2009. [1] [2]
The Eti Soda Inc. is jointly owned in majority by Ciner Holding with 74% and by Eti Maden with 26%. [3] [4] [5]
Trona ore is extracted by solution mining method. Hot water is injected into the trona ore deposit underground through bore holes drilled, which dissolves trona ore. The trona solution is pumped up and is processed to soda products as soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3). The soda ash is mainly used in the glass production. Products of Eti Soda are exported all over the world, especially to European countries. [6] From 2009 to 2013, the value of soda ash exports to 53 countries reached US$1 billion. [7]
The annual production capacity of the Eti Soda facilities is one million tons of soda ash and 100,000 tons of baking soda. [1] In 2010, already in its first year of the operation, the company fulfilled its production capacity. [5] For comparison the 2022 production for the whole country was estimate at 4 to 5 million tonnes. [8]
There is a 20 MW cogeneration coal-fired power station. [9] Climate Trace estimated a 3570 million tonne source of greenhouse gas from soda ash in Turkey in 2022, but had low confidence in its estimate and had not been able to identify the company. [10] ETI Soda aims to reduce its total scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions to 480 million tonnes a year by 2028. [11]
Potash includes various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. The name derives from pot ash, plant ashes or wood ash soaked in water in a pot, the primary means of manufacturing potash before the Industrial Era. The word potassium is derived from potash.
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na+ and hydroxide anions OH−.
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO3−). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline, but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is nahcolite. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs.
Sodium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odourless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water. Historically, it was extracted from the ashes of plants grown in sodium-rich soils, and because the ashes of these sodium-rich plants were noticeably different from ashes of wood, sodium carbonate became known as "soda ash". It is produced in large quantities from sodium chloride and limestone by the Solvay process, as well as by carbonating sodium hydroxide which is made using the Chlor-alkali process.
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a coal mine is called a "pit", and above-ground mining structures referred to as a "pit head". In Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine.
The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for making soda ash used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc. It involved two stages: making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make sodium carbonate. The process gradually became obsolete after the development of the Solvay process.
The Solvay process or ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na2CO3). The ammonia-soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. The ingredients for this are readily available and inexpensive: salt brine (from inland sources or from the sea) and limestone (from quarries). The worldwide production of soda ash in 2005 was estimated at 42 million tonnes, which is more than six kilograms (13 lb) per year for each person on Earth. Solvay-based chemical plants now produce roughly three-quarters of this supply, with the remaining being mined from natural deposits. This method superseded the Leblanc process.
Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na2CO3•NaHCO3•2H2O) is a non-marine evaporite mineral. It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has replaced the Solvay process used in most of the rest of the world for sodium carbonate production. Turkey is also a major producer.
Searles Lake is an endorheic dry lake in the Searles Valley of the Mojave Desert, in northwestern San Bernardino County, California. The lake in the past was also called Slate Range Lake and Borax Lake.
Kahramankazan is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 547 km2, and its population is 59,123 (2022). It lies in the plain of Akıncı to the north west of the city of Ankara. Its elevation is 892 m (2,927 ft).
Mining in Iran is still under development, yet the country is one of the most important mineral producers in the world, ranked among 15 major mineral-rich countries, holding some 68 types of minerals, 37 billion tonnes of proven reserves and more than 57 billion tonnes of potential reserves worth $770 billion in 2014. Mineral production contributes only 0.6 percent to the country's GDP. Add other mining-related industries and this figure increases to just four percent (2005). Many factors have contributed to this, namely lack of suitable infrastructure, legal barriers, exploration difficulties, and government control.
Searles Valley Minerals Inc. is a raw materials mining and production company with corporate offices in Overland Park, Kansas. It is owned by the Indian company Nirma. It has major operations in the Searles Valley centered in Trona, California where it is the town's largest employer. The company produces borax, boric acid, soda ash, salt cake, and salt. It also owns the Trona Railway.
Eti Maden is a Turkish state-owned mining and chemicals company focusing on boron products. It holds a government monopoly on the mining of borate minerals in Turkey, which possesses 72% of the world's known deposits. In 2012, it held a 47% share of global production of borate minerals, ahead of its main competitor, Rio Tinto Group, which held 23%.
American Natural Soda Ash Corporation (ANSAC) operates as the international distribution arm for three US manufacturers of natural soda ash produced from trona deposits in Green River, Wyoming, the trade name for sodium carbonate Na2CO3, is an essential raw material used in the manufacture of glass, detergents, and several sodium-based chemicals.
Ciner Group is a Turkish family-owned conglomerate that operates in five main sectors: energy and mining, natural soda ash, glass and chemicals, maritime and shipping, and news and entertainment media. Ciner Group was formed in 1978 and is majority-owned by Turgay Ciner.
The Kazan Soda Elektrik, full name Kazan Soda Elektrik Üretim A.Ş., is a chemical industry and electric energy company in Ankara Province, Turkey producing natural soda ash and baking soda from trona. The company' is a subsidiary of Ciner Holding.
The Ciner Wyoming LCC is a mining and chemical industry company based in Wyoming, United States producing natural soda ash from trona. The initial company was founded in 1962. Since 2015, it is under the control of the Turkish Ciner Holding.
Soda Industry Inc. is a chemical company in Mersin, Turkey producing soda ash and chromium compounds mainly for the glass industry in its parent's group of companies. It is owned and operated by the Şişecam Group.
Guleman mine is a chromium mine in Alacakaya (Guleman), Elazığ, Turkey. The mine started to operation in 1936 by Etibank.