There are 55 plants which generate coal power in Turkey including autoproducers, more than any other European country except Russia. All coal-fired power stations are listed on the Turkish version of this article. [note 1] [note 2]
Station | Operational Capacity (MWe) | Generation to grid in 2019 (GWh) [note 3] [note 4] | Capacity factor in 2019 (%) [note 5] | Province and District | Construction or operational start year [note 6] | Owner | Type [8] | Coal type | Retirement | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 Mart Çan a.k.a. Çan | 320 | 2134 | 76 | Çanakkale | 2003 | EÜAŞ | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 1] [13] | |
Adapazarı Sugar Factory a.k.a. Ada Şeker a.k.a. Sakarya | 10 | 13 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used by the factory | Sakarya | 2014 | Adapazarı Sugar | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | Captive power plant: no output to grid first half 2020 | [lower-alpha 2] [14] |
Afşin Elbistan A | 1355 | 1899 | 16 | Kahramanmaraş | 1984–1987 | EÜAŞ | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 3] [15] | |
Afşin Elbistan B | 1440 | 2773 | 22 | Kahramanmaraş | 2004–2005 | EÜAŞ | Subcritical [16] | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 4] [13] | |
Afyon Sugar Factory Cogeneration a.k.a. Afyon Şeker | 15 | 0 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used by the factory | Afyonkarahisar | 2018 | Doğüş Food and Drink | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Captive power plant: no output to grid 2019 or first half 2020 | [lower-alpha 5] |
Albayrak Balıkesir Cogeneration a.k.a. Albayrak TES | 80 [17] | 57 | 8 | Balıkesir | 2019 [18] | Varaka Paper | Unknown | Imported [17] | Unknown | Averages 150 tons steam from 27 tons coal per hour [18] | [lower-alpha 6] [17] |
Atlas | 1200 | 8502 | 81 | Hatay | 2014 | Diler Holding via Atlas Enerji | Supercritical | Imported | Unknown | Diler is on the Global Coal Exit List. [19] | [lower-alpha 7] |
Aynes Cogeneration a.k.a. Aynes Gıda | 6 | 9 | 18 | Denizli | 2014 | Aynes Food | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 8] | |
Eti Maden Bandirma power station a.k.a. Bandırma Boron Factory a.k.a. Bandırma Boraks | 36 [20] | 53 | 17 | Bandırma | 2014 | ETİ Maden | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 9] | |
Bekirli-1 a.k.a. Biga a.k.a. İçdaş Çelik Enerji | 405 | 3164 | 89 | Çanakkale | 2005 (unit 1), 2009 (units 2–3) | İÇDAŞ | Subcritical | Imported | Unknown | [lower-alpha 10] | |
Bekirli-2 a.k.a. Bekirli | 1200 | 8658 | 82 | Çanakkale | 2011 (unit 1), 2015 (unit 2) | İÇDAŞ | Supercritical | Imported | Unknown | [lower-alpha 11] | |
Beypazarı ETİ Soda Cogeneration a.k.a. ETİ Soda | 20 [17] | 94 | 54 | Ankara | Unknown | Ciner Group via ETİ Soda [17] | Unknown | Lignite [17] | Unknown | [lower-alpha 12] | |
Bolluk a.k.a. Alkim Konya | 1 [21] | 2 | 19 | Konya | 2014 | Alkim Alkali Chemicals [21] | Unknown | Lignite [21] | Unknown | [lower-alpha 13] [21] | |
Bolu Göynük a.k.a. Aksa Göynuk TES | 270 | 1964 | 83 | Bolu | 2015 | Kazancı Holding | Subcritical fluidized bed | Lignite | Unknown | Dusts air and ground. [22] Uses 1.8 million tons of lignite with a thermal value of 2,450 kcal/kg per year | [lower-alpha 14] [23] [24] |
Cenal | 1320 | 9167 | 79 | Çanakkale | 2017 | Alarko Holding and Cengiz Holding via Cenal Elektrik | Ultra-Supercritical | Imported Bituminous | Unknown | Cenal is on the Global Coal Exit List. [25] | [lower-alpha 15] |
Çan-2 | 330 | 1524 | 53 | Çanakkale | 2018 | ODAŞ Group | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 16] [21] | ||
Çankırı Salt Factory Cogeneration a.k.a. Med-mar Sağlık | 2 | 9 | 64 | Çankırı | 2014 | Med-mar | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 17] | |
Çatalağzı a.k.a. Yeni Çatalağzı | 314 | 1494 | 54 | Zonguldak | 1979 (opening:1989) | Aydem Enerji | Subcritical | Anthracite [26] | Unknown | [lower-alpha 18] [27] | |
Çayırhan | 620 | 4312 | 79 | Ankara | 1987–2000 | Ciner Group | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 19] [13] | |
Çayırhan Sodium Sulphate Cogeneration a.k.a. Alkim Çayırhan | 3 | 9 | 39 | Ankara | 2014 | Alkim Alkali Chemicals | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | [lower-alpha 20] | |
Çoban Yıldızı power stations a.k.a. Çumra Termik Santrali a.k.a. Çobanyıldızı (Cumra) [28] | 37 | 35 | 11 | Konya | 2015 | Anadolu Birlik Holding via Konya Sugar (in Turkish) | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | At Çumra Campus | [lower-alpha 21] |
Çoban Yıldızı power stations a.k.a. Çumra [28] | 24 | 35 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used by the factory | Konya | 2014 | Anadolu Birlik Holding via Konya Sugar (in Turkish) | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | Supplies both sugar factory and grid. [29] Claimed to be most environment friendly factory in Turkey. [30] | [lower-alpha 22] |
Çolakoğlu a.k.a. Çolakoğlu-2 | 190 | 1191 | 72 | Kocaeli | 2003 | Çolakoğlu Metalurji | Subcritical | Bituminous | Unknown | [lower-alpha 23] | |
Dazkırı Cogeneration a.k.a. Alkim Afyon | 3 | 16 | 72 | Afyonkarahisar Dazkırı | 2014 | Alkim Alkali Chemicals | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 24] | |
Göknur | 2 | 0 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used by the factory | Niğde | 2014 | Göknur Food | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Captive power plant: no output to grid 2019 or first half 2020 | [lower-alpha 25] |
İsken Sugözü a.k.a. Sugözu İsken a.k.a. İskenderun | 1320 | 7110 | 61 | Adana | 2003 | OYAK | Subcritical | Hard coal [31] Anthracite [26] | Unknown | [lower-alpha 26] | |
İzdemir | 350 | 2484 | 81 | İzmir | 2014 | İzdemir Enerji | Supercritical | Imported [32] | Unknown | [lower-alpha 27] | |
Kahramanmaraş Paper Factory | 16 | 73 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used by the factory | Kahramanmaraş | 2014 | Kahramanmaraş Paper | Unknown | Imported | Unknown | [lower-alpha 28] | |
Kangal | 457 [33] | 2588 | 65 | Sivas | 1989 (Unit 1) 1990 (Unit 2) 2000 (Unit 3) | Anadolu Birlik Holding via Konya Sugar (in Turkish) | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | On the Global Coal Exit List [34] | [lower-alpha 29] [13] |
Kardemir a.k.a. Karabük | 78 | 546 | 80 | Kütahya | Unknown | Kardemir A.Ş. | Unknown | Hard coal | Unknown | May need update to meet 2020 standards [35] [36] | [lower-alpha 30] |
Kemerköy | 630 | 4128 | 75 | Muğla | 1994 (units 1–2), 1995 (unit 3) | Yeniköy Kemerköy Elektrik | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 31] [13] | |
Kipaş Paper Factory | 8 | 1 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used by the factory | Kahramanmaraş | 2014 | Kipaş Holding | Unknown | Imported | Unknown | [lower-alpha 32] | |
Küçüker Cogeneration | 5 | 34 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used by the factory | Denizli | 2014 | Küçüker Textiles | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 33] | |
Kütahya Sugar Factory | 7 | 7 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used by the factory | Kütahya | 2014 | Kütahya Sugar factory | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 34] | |
Orhaneli | 210 | 1570 | 85 | Bursa | 1992 | Çelikler Holding | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 35] [13] | |
Polat a.k.a. Polat-1 | 51 | 132 | 30 | Kütahya | 2013 | Polatyol | Circulating fluidized bed | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 36] | |
Seydişehir a.k.a. ETİ Alüminyum | 14 | 33 | 27 | Konya | 2014 | ETİ Aluminium | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 37] | |
Seyitömer | 600 | 3968 | 75 | Kütahya Kütahya | 1973–1989 | Çelikler Holding | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 38] [13] [15] | |
Soma Kolin | 510 | 2527 | 57 | Manisa | 2019 | Kolin Group | Circulating fluidized bed | Lignite | Unknown | The environmental impact assessment does not mention greenhouse gas (sera gaz) emissions. [37] | [lower-alpha 39] [17] |
Soma a.k.a. Soma A | 44 | 0 | Unknown as some electricity might have been used for other purposes | Manisa | 1957 [38] | EÜAŞ | Unknown | Lignite | Unknown | No output to grid 2019 or first half 2020 | [lower-alpha 40] |
Soma B a.k.a. Soma | 660 | 5059 | Unknown as the steam is also used for residential heating | Manisa | 1981–1992 | Anadolu Birlik Holding via Konya Sugar (in Turkish) | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | Of the six 165 MW units, 2 units are shut down and 4 units operating under temporary license. [39] Steam from the power station is used for residential heating in the winter. [40] | [lower-alpha 41] |
Şırnak Silopi a.k.a. Silopi | 405 | 2324 | 66 | Şırnak | 2013 (unit 1), 2015 (units 2–3) | Ciner Group | Circulating fluidized bed | Asphaltite | Unknown | May need update to meet 2020 standards [35] [36] Although technically not coal the solid fuel is treated similarly by regulators so is included here. | [lower-alpha 42] [13] |
Tufanbeyli | 450 | 3283 | 83 | Adana | 2016 | Sabancı Holding via Enerjisa | Circulating fluidized bed | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 43] | |
Tunçbilek | 365 | Unknown | Unknown | Kütahya | 1973 | Çelikler Holding | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | Not listed on "real time generation" query so no generation figure shown | [lower-alpha 44] [41] |
Yatağan | 630 | 3764 | 68 | Muğla | 1984 (units 1–2), 1986 (unit 3) | Aydem Enerji | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 45] [42] [13] | |
Yeniköy | 420 | 2997 | 81 | Muğla | 1986–1987 | Yeniköy Kemerköy Elektrik | Subcritical | Lignite | Unknown | [lower-alpha 46] [13] | |
ZETES-1 | 160 | 1141 | 81 | Zonguldak | 2010 | Eren Holding via Eren Enerji | Circulating fluidized bed | Bituminous | Unknown | Licensed as "Çatalağzı Termik" together with other ZETES | [lower-alpha 47] |
ZETES-2 | 1230 | 8931 | 83 | Zonguldak | 2010 | Eren Holding via Eren Enerji | Supercritical | Bituminous | Unknown | Licensed as "Çatalağzı Termik" together with other ZETES | [lower-alpha 48] |
ZETES-3 | 1400 | 9212 | 75 | Zonguldak | 2016 | Eren Holding via Eren Enerji | Supercritical | Bituminous | Unknown | Licensed as "Çatalağzı Termik" together with other ZETES | [lower-alpha 49] |
Kardemir is a Turkish steel producer. The name is a contraction of the Turkish language Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikaları, which means "Karabük Iron and Steel Works".
Yatağan Power Station is a coal-fired power station in Turkey in Yatağan, Muğla Province in the south-west of the country. Currently owned by Aydem Enerji it has a 120m chimney. Yatağan thermal power plant consumes 5.4 million tons of coal from mines such as Turgut and can produce 3,780 GWh annually, the least productive power station in Turkey. The area is a sulfur dioxide air pollution hotspot and as of 2017 the air pollution caused by Yatağan and neighboring Kemerköy power station and Yeniköy power station is estimated to have caused 45,000 premature deaths. It is estimated that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends in 2063, would prevent over 9000 premature deaths. Two workers were killed in 2018 and the plant's safety has been criticized by the Chamber of Engineers.
The Electricity Generation Company is the largest electric power company in Turkey. Owned by the government, it produces and trades electricity throughout the country.
Soma power station is a 990 MW coal-fired power station in Soma, Manisa in western Turkey. In 2020 of the 6 units 2 were shut down. Steam from the plant is used for residential heating in the winter.
Coal supplies a quarter of Turkey's primary energy. The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases.
The Zonguldak Eren Termik Santrali (ZETES) power stations in Zonguldak are 3 coal-fired power stations in Turkey totaling 2790 MW owned by Eren Holding via Eren Enerji.
The Afşin-Elbistan power stations are coal-fired power stations in the district of Afşin in Kahramanmaraş Province in Turkey. Both Afşin-Elbistan A and B burn lignite from the nearby Elbistan coalfield.
Emba Hunutlu power station is a 1320 MW coal fired power station in Turkey in Adana Province. As of 2022 it is the largest Chinese foreign direct investment in the country. Despite opposition from many environmental organisations the plant was started up in 2022 and burns Russian coal as it is cheaper than other coal. The plant is less than 2 km from another coal-fired power station, İsken Sugözü.
Kangal power station is a 457 MW coal-fired power station in Turkey in Sivas, mostly built in the late 20th century, which burns lignite mined locally. The plant is owned by Anadolu Birlik Holding via Konya Şeker and in 2018 received 51 million lira capacity payments. The area is a sulfur dioxide air pollution hotspot, and agricultural soil is contaminated with chromium, nickel and mercury.
İsken Sugözü power station is a 1320 MW operational coal fired power station in Turkey.
Şırnak Silopi power station is a 405 MW operational power station in Silopi, in Şırnak Province in the south-east of Turkey. It is fuelled with asphaltite from Silopi asphaltite mine.
Çatalağzı power station (ÇATES) is a coal-fired power station in Turkey. Its two units opened in 1990 and 1991, and it was privatised in 2014. The plant was shut down for not meeting new air pollution regulations for coal in Turkey in January 2020, but was granted a one-year temporary operating licence by the Turkish Environment Ministry in June.
Coal in Turkey generated a third of the nation's electricity in 2023. There are 55 active coal-fired power stations with a total capacity of 21 gigawatts (GW). In 2023 coal imports for electricity generation cost 3.7 billion USD.
Soma Kolin power station is a 510-megawatt coal-fired power station in Turkey in Manisa Province, which burns lignite mined locally. The planned original site was changed after local protests. Both units were funded by Turkish banks, built by Harbin Power Equipment, are subcritical and started generating in 2019.
Cenal power station is a 1320-megawatt coal-fired power station in Turkey in Çanakkale Province, which burns imported and local coal. The plant was financed by Turkish banks and is owned by Cengiz Holding and Alarko Holding and receives capacity payments. Environmentalists, such as Greenpeace, attempted to stop construction with protests, and legal action against the environmental impact assessments. Cenal is on the Global Coal Exit List. It is estimated that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends in 2062, would prevent over 4000 premature deaths.
Bekirli power station or İÇDAŞ Bekirli-2 power station or İÇDAŞ Biga-2 power station is a 2 unit 1200-megawatt coal-fired power station in Turkey in Çanakkale Province owned by İÇDAŞ, which burns imported and local coal and receives capacity payments. İşbank provided construction finance. Opponents say it is one of many polluting industries in the area.
Biga power station is a 405 MW coal-fired power station in Turkey in Değirmencik, Biga, in Çanakkale built in the early 21st century.
Soma A power station is a 44 MW coal-fired power station in Soma, Manisa in western Turkey. The station closed in 2010 but was reopened in 2012 for research and development by the state owned Electricity Generation Company. It has not yet been permanently closed despite pollution complaints.
The Çoban Yıldızı power stations are 2 autoproducer coal-fired power stations in Turkey in Konya province owned by Konya Sugar which is in turn owned by Anadolu Birlik Holding. The one licensed EÜ/4969-46/2746 is called Çumra or Çobanyıldızı and the one licensed EÜ/4969-46/2746 is also called Çumra. According to the licence database they are both in Çumra, where there is a sugar factory. However the sizes on the company website prove the one licensed EÜ/5603-8/03299 is the one in the sugar factory in Konya city.
Kınık coal mine is an underground lignite mine in Turkey in Kınık District in İzmir Province, operated by Polyak Eynez Enerji Üretim Madencilik, which is owned by Fiba Group and Polat Madencilik. As late as 2024, according to local media, the company was still trying to get permission to build a coal-fired power plant. Polat and the related Polyak have been put on the Urgewald Global Coal Exit List.
Bugün Türkiye'de yerli kömür kullanan 52 adet elektrik santralı işletmededir. Bunlardan 19 adedinin kurulu kapasitesi 50 MW'ın üzerinde olup diğerleri küçük kapasiteli otoprodüktör santrallardır. 4 adet taşkömürü ve 1 adet asfaltit santralı dışındakilerin tamamı linyite dayalı santrallerdir.[Today, 52 power plants using domestic coal are in operation in Turkey. The installed capacity of 19 of them is over 50 MW and the others are small-capacity autoproducer power plants. All but 4 hard coal and 1 asphaltite power plants are lignite-based power plants.]