Company type | Private |
---|---|
Industry | Conglomerate |
Founded | 1997 |
Headquarters | Istanbul, Turkey |
Area served | Worldwide |
Products | Energy Cement Paper |
Services | Retail |
Revenue | $4 billion (2021) |
Number of employees | 14000 [1] |
Subsidiaries | List
|
Website | www |
Eren Holding is a conglomerate headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey. It has business interests in paper, packaging, cement, energy, retail and textiles. [2] The holding company was established in 1997, although the history of the group dates back to 1969. [3]
Eren Holding's chairman is Ahmet Eren. The group employs 14,000 people. In 2022 Eren Enerji generated 5% of the country's electricity, second to EÜAŞ at 15%. [4] : fig 1.10 Due to its coal-fired power stations subsidiary Eren Enerji is one of the largest private sector greenhouse gas emitters in Turkey.
Eren was established by four brothers from Bitlis. In 1969, Er-os Çamaşırları A.Ş., an underwear manufacturer and trademark, was established. In 1998, Eren Holding entered the energy sector with Modern Enerji Elektrik Üretim Otoprodüktör Grubu A.Ş. In 2003, the Rixos Hotel was opened in Bodrum, marking the company's entry into the tourism industry. In 2007, Eren Enerji started construction of a 1360 MW coal-fired power plant in Zonguldak, which was completed in 2010. In 2012, Eren Perakende created the multi-brand shoe concept SuperStep stores and multi-brand kids store chain SuperKids. In 2014, a 6 MW biomass power plant started operating. In 2015, Modern Enerji established the first solid waste incineration facility in Turkey. Also in 2015, Modern Karton completed construction of a new paper factory. [5]
In the late 2010s, Eren Holding’s power plants generated 7.5% of Turkey’s electricity. [6] In 2019, Eren Enerji Elektrik Üretim A.Ş received a silver award in the industry and energy category of the Green World Awards. [7] That was criticized by environmental organizations as greenwashing. [8]
Eren Holding controls businesses across several sectors, including energy, paper, cement, retail, ports, packaging and textiles. It owns ports in Zonguldak and Mersin. [9] Its subsidiaries Eren Kağıt and Modern Karton collect waste paper and recycle it into corrugated fiberboard. [10] Eren owns Turkey's biggest cement factory—Medcem Çimento—in Mersin. [11] As local demand collapsed in 2019, the factory concentrates on exports. [12]
ErenTekstil A.Ş. manufactures cotton textiles. [13] Eren Perakende represents a number of international brands in Turkey, including Lacoste, [14] Burberry, GANT, Nautica and Converse. In addition to its physical stores, it sells online through Occasion, Sanal Çadır, SuperStep and FashFed [15] e-commerce sites.
Eren Holding's subsidiary Eren Enerji owns the coal-fired ZETES power stations. [16] Another energy subsidiary, Modern Energy, owns a solid waste incineration facility and natural gas-fired and biomass-fired power plants in Çorlu. [17]
Due to its coal-fired power stations, coal-fired steam boiler [18] and cement factory in Silifke, [19] Eren is one of the largest private sector greenhouse gas emitters in Turkey. As the largest private sector owner of coal-fired electricity generating capacity in Turkey the company is on the Urgewald Global Coal Exit List, [20] : Output sheet row 1025 and is one of the largest greenhouse gas emitters in the country: however although corporate emissions measurements are reported to the government they are not published. [21] Climate Trace estimates Eren Energy’s coal-fired power plants emitted 15 million tons, over 2%, of the country’s greenhouse gas in 2022. [22]
Kardemir is a Turkish steel producer. The name is a contraction of the Turkish language Karabük Demir Çelik Fabrikaları, which means "Karabük Iron and Steel Works".
Energy consumption per person in Turkey is similar to the world average, and over 85 per cent is from fossil fuels. From 1990 to 2017 annual primary energy supply tripled, but then remained constant to 2019. In 2019, Turkey's primary energy supply included around 30 per cent oil, 30 per cent coal, and 25 per cent gas. These fossil fuels contribute to Turkey's air pollution and its above average greenhouse gas emissions. Turkey mines its own lignite but imports three-quarters of its energy, including half the coal and almost all the oil and gas it requires, and its energy policy prioritises reducing imports.
The Electricity Generation Company is the largest electric power company in Turkey. Owned by the government, it produces and trades electricity throughout the country.
Turkey uses more electricity per person than the global average, but less than the European average, with demand peaking in summer due to air conditioning. Most electricity is generated from coal, gas and hydropower, with hydroelectricity from the east transmitted to big cities in the west. Electricity prices are state-controlled, but wholesale prices are heavily influenced by the cost of imported gas.
Coal, cars and lorries vent more than a third of Turkey's five hundred million tonnes of annual greenhouse gas emissions. They are mostly carbon dioxide and part of the cause of climate change in Turkey. A quarter of the emissions are from electricity generation.
Coal supplies a quarter of Turkey's primary energy. The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases.
The Zonguldak Eren Termik Santrali (ZETES) power stations in Zonguldak are 3 coal-fired power stations in Turkey totaling 2790 MW owned by Eren Holding via Eren Enerji.
The Afşin-Elbistan power stations are two coal-fired power stations in Turkey, in Afşin District in Kahramanmaraş Province. Both Afşin-Elbistan A, built in the 1980s, and the newer Afşin-Elbistan B burn lignite from the nearby Elbistan coalfield.
Emba Hunutlu power station is a 1320 MW coal fired power station in Turkey in Adana Province. As of 2022 it is the largest Chinese foreign direct investment in the country. Despite opposition from many environmental organisations the plant was started up in 2022 and burns Russian coal as it is cheaper than other coal. The plant is less than 2 km from another coal-fired power station, İsken Sugözü.
İÇDAŞ, is a conglomerate in Turkey with businesses in construction, concrete production, energy, and mining services. Due to its coal-fired power stations it is one of the largest greenhouse gas emitters in Turkey.
Diler Holding, is a conglomerate, founded by Mustafa Yazıcı in 1949, in Turkey with businesses in iron and steel, energy, ports, banking, and tourism. Due to its large coal-fired power station in Turkey it is a large private sector greenhouse gas emitter in Turkey.
İsken Sugözü power station is a 1320 MW operational coal fired power station in Turkey.
Çatalağzı power station (ÇATES) is a coal-fired power station in Turkey. Its two units opened in 1990 and 1991, and it was privatised in 2014. The plant was shut down for not meeting new air pollution regulations for coal in Turkey in January 2020, but was granted a one-year temporary operating licence by the Turkish Environment Ministry in June.
Coal in Turkey generated a third of the nation's electricity in 2023. There are 55 active coal-fired power stations with a total capacity of 21 gigawatts (GW). In 2023 coal imports for electricity generation cost 3.7 billion USD.
IC Holding, is a private conglomerate in Turkey including construction, electricity generation and tourism. It was founded by the current Chairman İbrahim Çeçen. İbrahim Çeçen's son, Fırat Çeçen is the Vice Chairman, who is also the Chairman of IC Ibrahim Cecen Investment Holding.
Soma Kolin power station is a 510-megawatt coal-fired power station in Turkey in Manisa Province, which burns lignite mined locally. The planned original site was changed after local protests. Both units were funded by Turkish banks, built by Harbin Power Equipment, are subcritical and started generating in 2019.
Atlas power station or Atlas Enerji İskenderun power station is a 1200-megawatt coal-fired power station in Turkey in İskenderun in Hatay Province, which burns imported and local coal and receives capacity payments. Construction was financed by Garanti Bank, Akbank and Işbank.
İzdemir power station is a 350-megawatt coal-fired power station in Turkey in İzmir Province, which burns imported coal. Although coal is the prinary fuel the plant can also run on fossil gas.