In Ancient Greece, a deme or demos modern Municipality was a suburb or a subdivision of Athens and other city-states. Demes as simple subdivisions of land in the countryside seem to have existed in the 6th century BC and earlier, but did not acquire particular significance until the reforms of Cleisthenes in 508 BC. In those reforms, enrollment in the citizen-lists of a deme became the requirement for citizenship; prior to that time, citizenship had been based on membership in a phratry, or family group. At this same time, demes were established in the main city of Athens itself, where they had not previously existed; in all, at the end of Cleisthenes' reforms, Athens was divided into 139 demes to which one should add Berenikidai, established in 224/223 BC, Apollonieis and Antinoeis (126/127). The establishment of demes as the fundamental units of the state weakened the gene, or aristocratic family groups, that had dominated the phratries.
Jacques Attali is a French economic and social theorist, writer, political adviser and senior civil servant, who served as a counselor to President François Mitterrand from 1981 to 1991 and was the first head of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1991-1993. In 1997, upon the request of education minister Claude Allègre, he proposed a reform of the higher education degrees system. In 2008-2010, he led the government committee on how to ignite the growth of the French economy, under President Nicolas Sarkozy.
Eupithecia is a large genus of moths of the family Geometridae. There are hundreds of described species, found in all parts of the world, and new species are discovered on a regular basis.
The lime-speck pug is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common species throughout the Palearctic region, the Near East and North Africa.
The common pug(Eupithecia vulgata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common species across the Palearctic region, the Near East and North Africa. It ranges from the Atlantic coast of Ireland and Portugal across Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia to the Russian Far East (Priamurje) and Korea.
The grey pug is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout the Palearctic region and the Near East. It is also found in North America.
The tawny speckled pug(Eupithecia icterata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout the Palearctic region, the Near East and North Africa.
The juniper pug or juniper looper(Eupithecia pusillata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout the Palearctic and Nearctic regions and the Near East.
Attali is a Jewish surname originated from the Arab word "attâl" (porter). Notable people with the surname include:
Noise: The Political Economy of Music is a non-fiction book by French economist and scholar, Jacques Attali.
Freyer's pug is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species can be found in Europe, east to the Urals, the Russian Far East, Kazakhstan and China. It is also found in North America.
Eupithecia haworthiata, or Haworth's pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Henry Doubleday in 1856. It can be found in western, south and central Europe, Asia Minor and the Caucasus. It occurs in the Alps up to 1800 meters, in the Apennines up to 1400 metres and in the Balkan mountains up to 1500 m above sea level.
Eupithecia venosata, the netted pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787. It is found across the Palearctic ecozone from Portugal and Morocco in the west to the Lake Baikal in Siberia and Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east.
Eupithecia satyrata, the satyr pug, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Hübner in 1813. It is found from Ireland, through northern and central Europe East to all of Russia and Central Asia and West Siberia to Tibet. It is also present in North Africa and North America.
Eupithecia denotata, the campanula pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species can be found from western Europe to central Asia and China.
Le Déchaussé is a 2002 film. It completes Laurence Attali’s Trilogy of Love. The first two films were Même le Vent (1999) and Baobab (2000).
Eupithecia impurata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found from the mountainous areas of western, eastern and southern Europe up to Western Asia.
Eupithecia distinctaria, the thyme pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout Europe. It is also found in Iran.
Eupithecia graphata is a moth in the family Geometridae. bIt was described by Treitschke in 1828. It is found in most of southern and eastern Europe, as well as the Near East.
Bernard Attali is a French business executive, political advisor and one-time novelist. He served as the chief executive officer of Air France from 1988 to 1993. He is a senior advisor to TPG Capital and Bank of America Merrill Lynch.
