Eupithecia

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Eupithecia
Eupithecia.innotata.7141.jpg
Eupithecia innotata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Geometridae
Tribe: Eupitheciini
Genus: Eupithecia
Curtis, 1825 [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • ArcyoniaHübner, 1825
  • BohatschiaSchütze, 1960
  • CatarinaVojnits & De Laever, 1973
  • DelaeveriaSchütze, 1961
  • DietzeaSchütze, 1956
  • DochephoraWarren, 1895
  • DolichopygeWarren, 1900
  • DyscymatogeHübner, 1825
  • EpicasteGumppenberg, 1887
  • EucymatogeHübner, [1825]
  • EuphiteciaCarnelutti & Michieli, 1958
  • EurypeplodesWarren, 1893
  • HeteropitheciaVojnits, 1985
  • HypepirritisHübner, [1825]
  • LamellunciaMironov, 1990
  • LepiodesGuenée, 1858
  • LeucocoraHübner, 1825
  • MnesilobaWarren, 1901
  • NeopitheciaVojnits, 1985
  • PenaWalker, 1863
  • PeterseniaSchütze, 1958
  • PhaulostathmaWarren, 1900
  • PropitheciaVojnits, 1985
  • SebastiaWarren, 1895 (preocc. Kirby, 1892)
  • StenoplaWarren, 1900
  • TarachiaHübner, 1825
  • TephroclystiaHübner, 1825 [1]
  • TephroclystisMeyrick, 1892
  • ThysanoctenaWarren, 1904
  • TrichoclystisWarren, 1904
  • ZygmenaBoie, 1839

Eupithecia is the largest genus of moths of the family Geometridae, [3] and the namesake and type genus of tribe Eupitheciini. Species in the genus are, like those of other genera in the tribe, commonly known as pugs . [4] The genus is highly speciose, with over 1400 species, and members of the genus are present in most of the world with exception of Australasia. [3] Roughly a quarter of described Eupithecia species occur in the Neotropical realm, where they have an especially high species diversity in the montane rain forests of the Andes. [5] The genus includes a few agricultural pest species, such as the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata , which is a pest on hops, [6] and the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria , which is a cone pest in spruce seed orchards. [7]

Contents

Adult specimens of Eupithecia are typically small, often between 12 and 35 mm, with muted colours, and display a large amount of uniformity between species. [3] As a result, identification of a specimen as part of genus Eupithecia is generally easy, but identifying the exact species is difficult and often reliant on examination of the dissected genitals. [3] Most species share a characteristic resting pose in which the forewings are held flat at a right angle to the body—that is, the costal margins of both forewings form a more-or-less horizontal line—while the hindwings are largely covered by the forewings. [8] They are generally nocturnal. [3]

Pug Moth caterpillar Eupithecia sp. Pug Moths Genus (Eupithecia) caterpillar.jpg
Pug Moth caterpillar Eupithecia sp.

Of the species where the larval behaviour is known, most feed from the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage. [3] Many species have a very specific food plant. The larvae of all but one [9] of the endemic species of Eupithecia from Hawaii are ambush predators of a wide variety of insects and spiders. [10] These ambush predators have raptorial legs, with which they grab prey that comes into contact with their hind end. [10]

Species

This is a list of all described species.

Common pug, Eupithecia miserulata, feeding on Rudbeckia serotina Eupith miser.JPG
Common pug, Eupithecia miserulata, feeding on Rudbeckia serotina
Eupithecia , pupa Eupithecia pupa.jpg
Eupithecia , pupa

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J-K

L

M

N

O

P

Q-R

S

T

U-V

W-Z

Species of unknown status

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geometer moth</span> Family of insects

The geometer moths are moths belonging to the family Geometridae of the insect order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies. Their scientific name derives from the Ancient Greek geo γεω, and metron μέτρον "measure" in reference to the way their larvae, or inchworms, appear to measure the earth as they move along in a looping fashion. A very large family, it has around 23,000 species of moths described, and over 1400 species from six subfamilies indigenous to North America alone. A well-known member is the peppered moth, Biston betularia, which has been subject of numerous studies in population genetics. Several other geometer moths are notorious pests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tawny speckled pug</span> Species of moth

The tawny speckled pug is a moth of the family Geometridae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Larentiinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Larentiinae is a subfamily of moths containing roughly 5,800 species that occur mostly in the temperate regions of the world. They are generally considered a subfamily of the geometer moth family (Geometridae) and are divided into a few large or good-sized tribes, and numerous very small or even monotypic ones which might not always be valid. Well-known members are the "pug moths" of the Eupitheciini and the "carpets", mainly of the Cidariini and Xanthorhoini. The subfamily was described by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1845.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freyer's pug</span> Species of moth

Freyer's pug is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species can be found in Europe, east to the Urals, the Russian Far East, Kazakhstan and China. It is also found in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Larch pug</span> Species of moth

The larch pug is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species can be found in Europe, the Ural Mountains, West and Central Siberia, the Altai Mountains, Transbaikalia, Yakutia, the Far East, Mongolia, Korea, Japan and in North America, from Yukon and Newfoundland to New York and Arizona.

<i>Eupithecia dodoneata</i> Species of moth

Eupithecia dodoneata, the oak-tree pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species can be found in Europe. Local occurrences are found in Asia Minor, the Caucasus as well as in Morocco. In the Pyrenees and the Alps, it rises to altitudes of 1000 metres. The species prefers dry oak and oak mixed forests.

<i>Eupithecia venosata</i> Species of moth

Eupithecia venosata, the netted pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae, first described by the Danish zoologist Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787. It is found across the Palearctic realm from Portugal and Morocco in the west to the Lake Baikal in Siberia and Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east.

<i>Eupithecia satyrata</i> Species of moth

Eupithecia satyrata, the satyr pug, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1813. It is found from Ireland, through northern and central Europe east to all of Russia and central Asia and western Siberia to Tibet. It is also present in North Africa and North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eupitheciini</span> Tribe of moths

Eupitheciini is a tribe of geometer moths under subfamily Larentiinae, often referred to as pugs. The tribe was described by Tutt in 1896.

<i>Eupithecia actaeata</i> Species of geometer moth

Eupithecia actaeata is a Eurasian species of moth of the family Geometridae.

<i>Eupithecia denotata</i> Species of moth

Eupithecia denotata is a moth in the family Geometridae. The species can be found across the Palearctic from western Europe to Central Asia and China.

<i>Eupithecia breviculata</i> Species of moth

Eupithecia breviculata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in the Mediterranean region, Switzerland, Hungary, the Near East and North Africa. It is also found in Iran and Turkmenistan.

<i>Eupithecia distinctaria</i> Species of moth

Eupithecia distinctaria, the thyme pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout Europe. It is also found in Iran. from the Iberian Peninsula through western and central Europe including the British Isles as well as further east as far east as far as Russia and Iran. In the north the range reaches as far as the southern Fennoscandia, to the south, where it is more common, it occupies the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. It is found primarily on warm, stony slopes and rocky structures as well as on sparse grassy areas with thyme mounds. In the Alps, it rises to heights of 2000 metres.

Eupithecia parallelaria is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Turkmenistan, Iran, eastern Afghanistan and Kashmir.

Eupithecia gratiosata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in France, the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, Ukraine, Poland, Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, the Near East and Iran.

<i>Eupithecia zekiyae</i> Species of moth

Eupithecia zekiyae is a species of moth in the family Geometridae first described by McDunnough (1946), although the authorship of the currently valid species name is Koçak, 1986.

Eupithecia mesogrammata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Iran, Turkey and Georgia.

Eupithecia accurata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, northern Iran and Kazakhstan.

Eupithecia inconspicuata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Turkey.

Eupithecia dearmata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Turkey. Adults have dull grey wings with a large number of scattered dark scales and a wing span of 14–15 mm.

References

  1. 1 2 Mironov, Vladimir (2003). Larentinae II: (Perizomini and Eupitheciini). Brill. p. 72. ISBN   978-90-04-30863-3 . Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  2. ↑ Savela, Markku. "Eupithecia Curtis, 1825". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mironov, Vladimir; Galsworthy, Anthony Charles (1 November 2013). The Eupithecia of China: A Revision. BRILL. pp. 1, 6–7, 11. ISBN   978-90-04-25453-4 . Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  4. ↑ Plant, C. W.; Petty, S. J.; Farino, T.; Botham, M. S. (2014). "Eupithecia exiguata (Hübner, [1813]) new to the Iberian Peninsula, with notes on other pug moths Eupitheciini in Cantabria, Spain (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)". SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología. 42 (165). ISSN   0300-5267 . Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  5. 1 2 Vargas, Héctor A. (25 October 2021). "A new species of Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from the Andes of northern Chile". Nota Lepidopterologica. 44: 239–247. doi: 10.3897/nl.44.73247 . S2CID   239978760 . Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  6. ↑ Campbell, C. A. M.; Tregidga, E. L.; Hall, D. R.; Ando, T.; Yamamoto, M. (March 2007). "Components of the sex pheromone of the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata, a re-emergent hop pest in UK". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 122 (3): 265–269. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00513.x. S2CID   84922209 . Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  7. ↑ Wang, H. L.; Svensson, G. P.; Jakobsson, J.; Jirle, E. V.; Rosenberg, O.; Francke, W.; Anderbrant, O.; Millar, J. G.; Löfstedt, C. (27 September 2014). "Sex pheromone of the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a pest of spruce cones". Journal of Applied Entomology. 139 (5): 352–360. doi: 10.1111/jen.12167 . S2CID   83838433 . Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  8. ↑ VanDyk, John. "Genus Eupithecia - Identification". BugGuide.net: Identification, Images, & Information For Insects, Spiders & Their Kin For the United States & Canada. Iowa State University. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  9. ↑ Hembry, David H.; Bennett, Gordon; Bess, Emilie; Cooper, Idelle; Jordan, Steve; Liebherr, James; Magnacca, Karl N.; Percy, Diana M.; Polhemus, Dan A.; Rubinoff, Daniel; Shaw, Kerry L.; O’Grady, Patrick M. (1 December 2021). "Insect Radiations on Islands: Biogeographic Pattern and Evolutionary Process in Hawaiian Insects". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 96 (4): 257, 271–272. doi:10.1086/717787. S2CID   245335580 . Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  10. 1 2 Montgomery, Steven L. (1 November 1983). "Carnivorous caterpillars: the behavior, biogeography and conservation of Eupithecia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in the Hawaiian Islands". GeoJournal. 7 (6): 549–556. doi:10.1007/BF00218529. ISSN   1572-9893. S2CID   189888740.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mironov, Vladimir (26 September 2013). "New species and checklist of Turkish Eupithecia Curtis (Geometridae: Larentiinae)". Zootaxa. 3717 (1): 39–52. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3717.1.3. PMID   26176093 . Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mironov, Vladimir; Šumpich, Jan (15 June 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part VII" (PDF). Zootaxa. 5154 (3): 289–304. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.3. PMID   36095621. S2CID   249696920 . Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  13. 1 2 Mironov, Vladimir; Galsworthy, Anthony Charles (5 March 2014). "A survey of Eupithecia Curtis, 1825 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in Mongolia with descriptions of two new species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3774 (2): 101–130. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3774.2.1. PMID   24871410.
  14. 1 2 Enkhtur, Khishigdelger; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Pfeiffer, Martin (May 2020). "Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Geometrid Moths (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) in Mongolia". Diversity. 12 (5): 185. doi: 10.3390/d12050186 .
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Šumpich, Jan; Mironov, Vladimir (7 October 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part VIII" (PDF). Zootaxa. 5194 (4): 561–574. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5194.4.5. S2CID   252804264 . Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mironov, Vladimir; Šumpich, Jan (9 December 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part IX" (PDF). Zootaxa. 5219 (3): 276–286. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5219.3.5. S2CID   254488323 . Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  17. ↑ Skou, Peder; Mironov, Vladimir; Rietz, Hartmut (29 May 2017). "Eupithecia gypsophilata, a new species in the graphata species group of the genus Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)". Zootaxa. 4272 (2): 291–295. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4272.2.10. PMID   28610298 . Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  18. ↑ King, Gareth Edward; Montesinos, José Luis Viejo (24 April 2020). "The Spanish endemic Eupithecia gypsophilata Skou, Mironov & Rietz, 2017 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae): a contribution to an understanding of its early stages". Entomologist's Gazette. 71 (2): 93–97. doi:10.31184/G00138894.712.1752. S2CID   219017531 . Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  19. ↑ Seven, Erdem; Mironov, Vladimir; Akin, Kesran (11 September 2019). "A new species of Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae) from Turkey". Zootaxa. 4668 (3): zootaxa.4668.3.9. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4668.3.9. PMID   31716623. S2CID   203352153 . Retrieved 17 January 2023.

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