The economy of Saudi Arabia is the largest in the Middle East and the eighteenth largest in the world. A permanent and founding member of OPEC, Saudi Arabia is also a member of the G20 forum as one of the world's largest economies.
Petrochemicals are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as maize, palm fruit or sugar cane.
Saudi Aramco, officially the Saudi Arabian Oil Group or simply Aramco, is a Saudi Arabian public petroleum and natural gas company based in Dhahran. As of 2022, it is the second largest company in the world by revenue and has repeatedly achieved the largest annual profits in global corporate history. Saudi Aramco has both the world's second-largest proven crude oil reserves, at more than 270 billion barrels, and largest daily oil production of all oil-producing companies.
Dammam is the fourth-most populous city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh, Jeddah, and Mecca. It is the capital of the Eastern Province, with a total population of 1,532,300 as of 2022. The judicial and administrative bodies of the province, in addition to the administrative offices of other minor governmental departments functioning within the province, are located in the city. The word itself is generally used to refer to the city, but may also refer to its eponymous governorate.
Yanbu, also known simply as Yambu or Yenbo, is a city in the Al Madinah Province of western Saudi Arabia. It is approximately 300 kilometers northwest of Jeddah. The population is 222,360. Many residents are foreign expatriates working in the oil refineries and petrochemical industry, mostly from Asia, but there are also large numbers from the Middle East, Europe, and North America.
Jubail is a city in the Eastern province on the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia, with a total population of 684,531 as of 2021. It is home to the largest industrial city in the world. It is also home to the Middle East's largest and world's fourth largest petrochemical company SABIC. It has the world's largest IWPP producing 2743.6 MW of electricity and 800,000 m3 of water daily. Jubail comprises the Old Town of Al Jubail, which was a small fishing village until 1975, and the Industrial Area. Jubail Industrial City is the largest civil engineering project in the world today.
Saudi Arabia's Basic Industries Corporation, known as SABIC, is a Saudi chemical manufacturing company. 70% of SABIC's shares are owned by Saudi Aramco. It is active in petrochemicals, chemicals, industrial polymers, fertilizers, and metals. It is the second largest public company in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia as listed in Tadawul.
Linear alpha olefins (LAO) or normal alpha olefins (NAO) are olefins or alkenes with a chemical formula CxH2x, distinguished from other mono-olefins with a similar molecular formula by linearity of the hydrocarbon chain and the position of the double bond at the primary or alpha position.
Sudair or Sudayr is a historical region in Najd in the central of Saudi Arabia, and is located approximately 150 km north of the Saudi capital, Riyadh. The region lies in a valley directly to the east of the Tweig escarpment, which runs across Najd starting from Sudair in the north and ending near Wadi ad-Dawasir in the south.
Saudi International Petrochemical Company (Sipchem) is a Saudi joint stock company owned jointly by private sector investors of Saudi Arabia and GCC countries. The company is the subsidiary of Zamil Group Holding. It was incorporated on 22 December 1999 with a paid-in capital of SR 500 million. The share capital was initially increased in 2003 by issuing 3 million shares, thereby raising the capital to SR 650 million. Subsequently, in April 2005 the share capital was further raised for the second time by SR 850 million, resulting in a total share capital of SR 1,500 billion.
Nama Chemicals, also known as NAMA, is a Saudi Arabian joint stock Taduwal listed company established in 1992 with the objective of developing and establishing industrial projects particularly in the area of chemicals and petrochemicals.
Water supply and sanitation in Saudi Arabia is characterized by challenges and achievements. One of the main challenges is water scarcity. In order to overcome water scarcity, substantial investments have been undertaken in seawater desalination, water distribution, sewerage and wastewater treatment. Today about 50% of drinking water comes from desalination, 40% from the mining of non-renewable groundwater and only 10% from surface water in the mountainous southwest of the country. The capital Riyadh, located in the heart of the country, is supplied with desalinated water pumped from the Arabian Gulf over a distance of 467 km. Water is provided almost for free to residential users. Despite improvements, service quality remains poor, for example in terms of continuity of supply. Another challenge is weak institutional capacity and governance, reflecting general characteristics of the public sector in Saudi Arabia. Among the achievements is a significant increases in desalination, and in access to water, the expansion of wastewater treatment, as well as the use of treated effluent for the irrigation of urban green spaces, and for agriculture.
Saudi Ports Authority is a government agency that supervises the ports of Saudi Arabia. It was founded in 1976 as an independent agency of the Prime Minister's office, to bring together the governance and operations of the multiple ports of the country to one office. Over time the actual operation of the ports was devolved by government contract to independent port operating companies.
Jubail Airport is an airfield 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Jubail City in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. It is located near the industrial area, about 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) to the shores of Dohat ad Dafi, one of the shallow bays near Jubail. The airport occupies an area of about 20 km2.
Ras Al-Khair is a town and port currently under development in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. It is on the eastern coast, 60 km north of Jubail. It is also known under its project name of "Minerals Industrial City".
The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY) was established on 21 September 1975, as an autonomous organization of the Saudi Arabian Government. The commission is governed by a board of directors and its chairman reports to the Council of Ministers. The chairman's office in Riyadh formulates policies and oversees implementation through two Directorates General; one in Jubail and the other in Yanbu.
Safco is the first petrochemical company in Saudi Arabia. It was established in 1965. SAFCO is one of the largest producers of chemicals in the world with an annual production capacity of over 4.9 million tons of fertilizers. SABIC owns 42.99% with 57.01% being held by the private sector and the public.
The King Fahad Industrial Port (Yanbu) is a Saudi port located in Yanbu city of Saudi Arabia on the Red sea coast. It is the largest port for loading the crude oil and petrochemicals in the Red Sea.
The King Fahad Industrial Port (Jubail) is a Saudi port located in Jubail city of Saudi Arabia. The port was established in 1974 to serve Jubail Industrial city and now is considered as one of the largest industrial ports in the world.
Zamil Group Holding is one of the largest investment holdings in Saudi Arabia with headquarters in Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Several of its subsidiaries such as Zamil Steel Company, Sipchem, Zamil Industrial are publicly listed in the Saudi Arabia stock exchange.
