Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen amendments.
The Prime Minister of Bangladesh, officially Prime minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is the chief executive of the government of Bangladesh. The prime minister and the cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The prime minister is ceremonially appointed by the president of Bangladesh.
Sheikh Hasina is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the tenth prime minister of Bangladesh from June 1996 to July 2001 and again from January 2009 to August 2024. She is the daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh. She served in the position of prime minister for over 20 years, making her the longest-serving prime minister in history of Bangladesh. Thus, she became the world's longest-serving female head of government. Her authoritarian regime ended in self-imposed exile following a series of violent protests in 2024.
The Jatiya Party (Bengali: জাতীয় পার্টি, romanized: Jatiyo Party, lit. 'National Party'; JaPa or JP(E)) is a political party in Bangladesh. The current chairman of the party is Ghulam Muhammed Quader. On 3 January 2019, the party announced its decision to join the Bangladesh Awami League-led Grand Alliance after having been in opposition for the previous parliamentary term. However, the party backtracked the next day and announced that it intended to remain part of the opposition.
The history of Bangladesh (1971–present) refers to the period after the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan.
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 5 January 2014, in accordance with the constitutional requirement that elections must take place within the 90-day period before the expiration of the term of the Jatiya Sangshad on 24 January 2014.
General Waker-Uz-Zaman OSP SGP psc is a four star general of the Bangladesh Army who is the current Chief of Army Staff (CAS) of the Bangladesh Army since 23 June 2024. Prior to his appointment as CAS, he served as the Chief of General Staff (CGS) of the Bangladesh Army. He is also the Colonel Commandant of Army Service Corps. Previously, he served as the 15th Principal Staff Officer of Armed Forces Division.
Obaidul Hassan is a jurist who briefly served as the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. He was appointed as the chief justice on 12 September 2023 and served as 24th Chief justice of Bangladesh. He also served as the president of the Inquiry Committee, 2022 for the formation of Bangladesh Election Commission. He was forced to resign as Chief Justice in the aftermath of the Student–People's uprising.
The next general elections in Bangladesh are expected to take place to elect members of the 13th Jatiya Sangsad, following the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina's government by student-led protests, and the implementation of constitutional and institutional reforms by the interim government led by Muhammad Yunus. A constituent assembly election will take place before the general elections, The interim government has established a Constitutional Reform Commission for this purpose.
Mohammed Shahabuddin natively known as Chuppu, is the 16th and incumbent President of Bangladesh. A jurist, civil servant and politician, he was elected unopposed in the 2023 presidential election in the nomination of the ruling Awami League. Prior to his presidency, Shahabuddin served as a district and sessions judge and a commissioner of the Anti-Corruption Commission from 2011 to 2016.
The following is a list of scheduled and expected events for the year 2024 in Bangladesh. 2024 (MMXXIV) is the current year, and is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2024th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 24th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 5th year of the 2020s decade.
The Twelfth Jatiya Sangsad was formed with the elected members of the 2024 general election. The parliament was sworn in on 9 January 2024. On 11 January the ministers were sworn in. On 30 January the first session of the parliament took place. Out of the 350 seats 300 members are directly elected by the people and remaining 50 seats are reserved for women and are filled by proportional representation. Awami League won 258 out of the 300 seats and formed the government under the leadership of Sheikh Hasina. The Jatiya Party won 22 seats and became the main opposition party. After Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled the country on 5 August 2024, President Mohammed Shahabuddin dissolved the parliament the following day, on 6 August 2024.
The Fifth Hasina Ministry, the 21st cabinet of Bangladesh, was led by Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina. It was established following the 2024 general election held on 7 January 2024. The election results were declared on the same day, leading to the formation of the 12th assembly in the Jatiya Sangsad. A cabinet comprising 43 members was subsequently sworn in.
The July massacre was the violent suppression and mass killings in Bangladesh during the July Revolution from July 16 to August 5, 2024. Triggered by the reinstatement of a controversial quota system and widespread public dissatisfaction, the crackdown was carried out by the government led by the Awami League party, its affiliated groups such as the Chhatra League, and various law enforcement agencies.
The non-cooperation movement, also known as the one-point movement, was a pro-democratic disinvestment movement and a mass uprising against the Awami League-led government of Bangladesh, initiated within the framework of 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement. The sole demand of this movement was the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her cabinet. It was the final stage of the wider movement known as the Student–People's uprising or the July Revolution. Although the movement was initially limited to the goal of reforming quotas in government jobs, it snowballed into a mass anti-government uprising after the deaths of several protesters. The movement was also fueled by ongoing socio-economic and political issues, including the government's mismanagement of the national economy, rampant corruption by government officials, human rights violations, allegations of undermining the country's sovereignty by Sheikh Hasina, and increasing authoritarianism and democratic backsliding.
An interim government led by Muhammad Yunus was formed on 8 August 2024 in Bangladesh, following the resignation and fleeing of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024 amid nationwide student and public protests against the government. Following the dissolution of the 12th Jatiya Sangsad on 6 August 2024, the interim cabinet will remain in office until a new Prime Minister is appointed after a snap general election. The government, like the previous non-caretaker government interim administrations, is extra-constitutional. However, the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh affirmed the legality of the stopgap government on 9 August 2024, citing the urgent need to manage state affairs and address the constitutional vacuum, similar to previous cases. The main pledge of his ministry is organize a constituent assembly to draft and adopt a new, democratic and inclusive constitution, ensuring the inviolability of human dignity.
The leadership of Muhammad Yunus began on 8 August 2024 when he was sworn in as the Chief Adviser of Bangladesh by President Mohammed Shahabuddin. In August 2024, after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina as prime minister and her departure to India, the key coordinators of the protest announced that Yunus would be Chief Adviser of the Interim Government. The main pledge of the interim government is organize a constituent assembly to draft and adopt a new, inclusive, democratic constitution, ensuring the inviolability of human dignity.
The 2024 Bangladesh judicial coup attempt was a series of events that unfolded in August 2024, involving an alleged effort by members of the judiciary in Bangladesh to destabilize the newly formed interim government and potentially restore power to the ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
The Students–People's uprising, also known as the July Revolution, was a pro-democratic mass uprising in Bangladesh. It began as a quota reform movement in early June 2024, led by the Anti-discrimination Students Movement, after the Bangladesh Supreme Court invalidated the government's 2018 circular regarding job quotas in the public sector. The movement escalated into a full-fledged mass uprising after the government carried out mass killings of protesters, known as July massacre, by the late of July. By early August, the movement evolved into a non-cooperation movement, ultimately leading to the ouster of the then-Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina, who fled Bangladesh to India. Hasina's ouster triggered a constitutional crisis, leading to the formation of an interim government led by the country's only Nobel laureate, Muhammad Yunus, as the chief adviser.
The 2024 Bangladesh Presidential resignation protests are an ongoing protest demanding President Mohammed Shahabuddin's resignation stem from his controversial remarks following the resignation of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Protesters accuse Shahabuddin of siding with authoritarian forces, fueling dissatisfaction among students and civil society groups.
