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Helsinki is the capital, largest and most populous city in Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the Uusimaa region in southern Finland and has a population of 673,011. The city's urban area has a population of 1,268,296, making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland and the country's most important centre for politics, education, finance, culture and research. Helsinki is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia, 400 km (250 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden, and 300 km (190 mi) west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It has close historical links with these three cities.
The history of Finland begins around 9,000 BC during the end of the last glacial period. Stone Age cultures were Kunda, Comb Ceramic, Corded Ware, Kiukainen, and Pöljä cultures. The Finnish Bronze Age started in approximately 1,500 BC and the Iron Age started in 500 BC and lasted until 1,300 AD. Finnish Iron Age cultures can be separated into Finnish proper, Tavastian and Karelian cultures. The earliest written sources mentioning Finland start to appear from the 12th century onwards when the Catholic Church started to gain a foothold in Southwest Finland.
Zacharias Topelius was a Finnish author, poet, journalist, historian, and rector of the University of Helsinki who wrote novels related to Finnish history.
Tove Marika Jansson was a Swedish-speaking Finnish author, novelist, painter, illustrator and comic strip author. Brought up by artistic parents, Jansson studied art from 1930 to 1938 in Helsinki, Stockholm, and Paris. She held her first solo art exhibition in 1943. Over the same period, she penned short stories and articles for publication, and subsequently drew illustrations for book covers, advertisements, and postcards. She continued her work as an artist and writer for the rest of her life.
Johan Ludvig Runeberg was a Finnish priest, lyric and epic poet. He wrote exclusively in Swedish. He is considered a national poet of Finland. He is the author of the lyrics to Vårt land which became an unofficial Finnish national anthem. Runeberg was also involved in the modernization of the Finnish Lutheran hymnal and produced many texts for the new edition.
The Tales of Ensign Stål is an epic poem written in Swedish by the Finland-Swedish author Johan Ludvig Runeberg, the national poet of Finland. It was published in two cycles, in 1848 and in 1860. The poem describes the events of the Finnish War (1808–1809) in which Sweden lost its eastern territories; these would become incorporated into the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland.
Carl O. Nordling was a Finnish born architect, urban planner and amateur historian. He graduated as an architect from the Helsinki University of Technology in 1939 and immigrated to Sweden after the end of the Continuation War in 1944. Nordling published an article on the Holocaust, How Many Jews Died in the German Concentration Camps?, in the Holocaust denial publication Journal of Historical Review.
Lovisa Adelaïde Ehrnrooth was a Finnish feminist and writer. Adelaïde Ehrnrooth was born in Nastola, one of the 16 children of an aristocratic family. She was born to Gustaf Adolf Ehrnrooth, a hero of the Finnish War. John Casimir Ehrnrooth was her brother. Adelaïde Ehrnrooth never married, and dedicated her life to helping the women and the poor.
Fredrika Charlotta Runeberg was a Finnish (Finland-Swedish) novelist and journalist. She was a pioneer of Finnish historical fiction and one of the first woman journalists in Finland.
Sven Arne Runeberg was a Finnish anthropologist and linguist, best known for his studies on magic, witchcraft, and sociolinguistics.
Julia Stadius, née Tavaststjerna was a Finnish-Swedish writer.
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Karl Felix Heikel was a Finland-Swedish banker and politician. He was the son of priest and educator Henrik Heikel, brother of educators and Finnish Baptist pioneers Viktor and Anna Heikel, father of insurance director Estrid Hult, cousin of ethnographer Axel Heikel and philologist Ivar Heikel, and uncle of ethnologist Yngvar Heikel.
Tiden is a quarterly theoretical political journal published in Stockholm, Sweden, since 1908. It is organ of the Social Democratic Party. Its original subtitle was Tidskrift för socialistisk kritik och politik which is later changed to Socialdemokratisk idé- och debattidskrift.
Ord och Bild, also stylized as Ord & Bild, is a cultural and literary magazine which has been in circulation with some interruptions since 1892. The magazine is headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and its subtitle is Illustrerad månadsskrift.
Ultra was an avant-garde bilingual art and literature magazine which appeared in Finland in 1922. Its subtitle was tidskrift för ny konst och litteratur. Although it produced only eight issues, it played a significant role in the introduction of avant-garde literary approach in the region.
Quosego was an avant-garde magazine which existed between 1928 and 1929 in Helsinki, Finland. Like its successor Ultra, it played a significant role in introducing the avant-garde movement to Scandinavian countries. However, Quosego was much more inflential than its successor in terms of artistic and linguistic innovation. The subtitle of Quosego was Tidskrift för ny generation.
Det Bästa is the Swedish edition of the American Reader's Digest magazine. It has been in circulation since 1943. Its susbtitle is världens mest lästa tidskrift.
Det Nya Sverige was a conservative political magazine published in Stockholm, Sweden, between 1907 and 1928. Its subtitle was tidskrift för nationella spörsmål.
References
- ↑ George C. Schoolfield (1998). "National romanticism- A golden age?". In George C. Schoolfield (ed.). A History of Finland's Literature . Lincoln, NE; London: U of Nebraska Press. p. 351. ISBN 0-8032-4189-5.
- ↑ "Intresset för Finsk Tidskrift är större än någonsin". Svenska. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- 1 2 Dan Karlholm; Hans Dam Christensen; Matthew Rampley (2012). "Art History in the Nordic Countries". In Matthew Rampley; et al. (eds.). Art History and Visual Studies in Europe. Transnational Discourses and National Frameworks. Vol. 4. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 424. doi:10.1163/9789004231702_028. ISBN 978-90-04-23170-2.
- 1 2 "A champion of Finnish bilingualism". University of Helsinki . Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- ↑ "Frederika Runeberg". Finlander. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ↑ Jukka Kortti (2018). "Religion and the cultural public sphere: the case of the Finnish liberal intelligentsia during the turmoil of the early twentieth century". History of European Ideas . 44 (1): 102. doi:10.1080/01916599.2017.1402800. hdl: 10138/230911 . S2CID 149117943.
- ↑ Sanna Ryynänen (2023). "The representation of Jews in the Finnish press before the second world war". Ethnicities : 16, 18. doi: 10.1177/14687968231184632 .