Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano y González, usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano, was an Argentine public servant, economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader. He took part in the Argentine Wars of Independence and designed what became the flag of Argentina. Argentines regard him as one of the main Founding Fathers of the country.
The national flag of the Argentine Republic, often referred to as the Argentine flag, is a triband, composed of three equally wide horizontal bands coloured light blue and white. There are multiple interpretations on the reasons for those colors. The flag was created by Manuel Belgrano, in line with the creation of the Cockade of Argentina, and was first raised at the city of Rosario on February 27, 1812, during the Argentine War of Independence. The National Flag Memorial was later built on the site. The First Triumvirate did not approve the use of the flag, but the Asamblea del Año XIII allowed the use of the flag as a war flag. It was the Congress of Tucumán which finally designated it as the national flag, in 1816. A yellow Sun of May was added to the center in 1818.
The coat of arms of the Argentine Republic or Argentine shield was established in its current form in 1944 but has its origins in the seal of the General Constituent Assembly of 1813. It is supposed that it was chosen quickly because of the existence of a decree signed on February 22 sealed with the symbol. The first mention of it in a public document dates to March 12 of that same year, in which it is stated that the seal had to be used by the executive power, that is, the second triumvirate. On April 13 the National Assembly coined the new silver and gold coins, each with the seal of the assembly on the reverse, and on April 27 the coat of arms became a national emblem. Although the coat of arms is not currently shown on flags, the Buenos Aires-born military leader Manuel Belgrano ordered to paint it over the flag he gave to the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, and during the Argentine War of Independence most flags had the coat of arms.
The Flag of Peru, often referred to as The Bicolour was adopted by the government of Peru in 1825, and modified in 1950. According to the article 49 of the Constitution of Peru, it is a vertical triband with red outer bands and a single white middle band. Depending on its use, it may be defaced with different emblems, and has different names. Flag day in Peru is celebrated on 7 June, the anniversary of the Battle of Arica.
Jujuy is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south.
San Salvador de Jujuy, commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. Also, it is the seat of the Doctor Manuel Belgrano Department. It lies near the southern end of the Humahuaca Canyon where wooded hills meet the lowlands.
At the national level, Argentina elects a head of state and a legislature. The franchise extends to all citizens aged 16 and over, and voting is mandatory for all those who are between 18 and 70 years of age.
The Jujuy Exodus was an episode of the Argentine War of Independence. It was a massive forced displacement of people from the Jujuy Province, by orders of General Manuel Belgrano, conducted by his patriot forces that were battling a Royalist army. The population was compelled to leave under the threat of execution.
Most Mexican states do not have an official flag. For these states, a de facto flag is used for civil and state purposes. State flags of Mexico have a 4:7 ratio and typically consist of a white background charged with the state's coat of arms.
The flag of Navarre, the flag of the autonomous community of Navarre, was designed in 1910 by Arturo Campión, Julio Altadill, and Hermilio de Oloriz. In 1910, the design was approved by the Provincial Council of Navarre and it was sanctioned by the Organic Law of Reintegration and Improvement of the Regional Government of Navarre of August 10, 1982, which was established in Article 7.2: "The flag of Navarre is red-colored, with a shield in the center."
María Remedios del Valle also known as the "Madre de la Patria" was an Afro-Argentine camp follower turned soldier who participated in the Argentine War of Independence. Wounded in battle, captured, imprisoned and escaped, she lost her entire family during the war. When the war ended, she returned to Buenos Aires and eventually turned to begging. Discovered by one of the generals under whom she had fought, she was approved for a pension which was paid over the last decade of her life. Largely forgotten until the turn of the 21st century, when Argentine historians began including the contributions of black Argentines, she is now widely recognized for her contributions to the independence of the nation. The Argentine legislature declared 8 November as the National Day of Afro-Argentines and African Culture in 2013.
Normando Miguel Álvarez García is an Argentine politician and lawyer. He served as the Argentine ambassador to Bolivia between 2016 and 2019, during the presidency of Mauricio Macri. As of 2021, he serves as minister of work in Jujuy Province, under the governorship of Gerardo Morales.
María Carolina Moisés is an Argentine politician, currently serving as a National Senator for Jujuy Province. Originally a member of the Justicialist Party, Moisés has co-led the local Arriba Jujuy party since 2013. She previously served as a National Deputy on two occasions, from 2019 to 2023, and from 2005 to 2009. She has also served as a member of the provincial legislature of Jujuy and as a councilwoman in her hometown of San Pedro de Jujuy.
Mario Raymundo Fiad is an Argentine surgeon and politician, currently serving as a National Senator for Jujuy Province since 2017. He previously served as a National Deputy from 2009 to 2015, and as health minister of Jujuy from 2015 to 2017, in the government of Gerardo Morales. Fiad belongs to the Radical Civic Union (UCR), and presides the Jujuy Province UCR committee since 2015.
The Cabildo of Jujuy is a cabildo founded on 19 April 1593 at the Argentina province of Jujuy. It was where Manuel Belgrano showed the National Argentine Flag, on 25 May 1812. It collapsed by the 1863 Jujuy earthquake, and started being reconstructed in 1864 and finally finished three years later in 1867. On 14 July 1941, it was declared Monumento Histórico Nacional.
The flag of Tucumán Province, Argentina, is known as the flag from Macha. It consists of a light blue stripe between two white stripes at the top and bottom, which is a negative of the national flag. It was approved by the Provincial Legislature on 13 April 2010.
Construction sheet of the flag of the Civil Freedom of Argentina, according to the annex to Act 27134 of 4 June 2015 [2]
