Flags of the United States of Indonesia

Last updated
United States of Indonesia
Flag of Indonesia.svg
Use National flag
Proportion2:3
DesignA horizontal bicolour of red and white

The Flags of the United States of Indonesia refers to the state flags that were used as the official state symbols of the United States of Indonesia (Abbreviation: RIS), the predecessor state of the Republic of Indonesia. The flag that were hoisted during the proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945 remained as the official flag of the United States of Indonesia after its transfer of sovereignty on December 27, 1949, and it was written on the Federal Constitution of 1949.

Contents

After the Dutch East Indies, on behalf of the Dutch government transferred its sovereignty to the Republic of Indonesia, [1] the new federated state called the United States of Indonesia was formed out of former Dutch territories in the East Indies and several states formed prior to the round table conference held in 1949. The new federation adopted a constitution in which stated in the Chapter III, article III, is that the official flag of the United States of Indonesia is a bicolor red and white, similar to the one that was adopted by the State of the Republic of Indonesia. [lower-alpha 1]

State flags

State of the Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950)

FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of Indonesia.svg 1949–1950 State of the Republic of Indonesia Bicolor with two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3. [2]

State of East Indonesia

During the Denpasar conference held in 1946, a majority of the delegates called for the adoption of the national anthem to be Indonesia Raya, and for the Indonesian red and white flag to be the national flag of East Indonesia. [3] On 22 December, Governor van Mook gave his response to the proposals. He supported the use of the Indonesian national anthem, but was more cautious about the flag. [4]

FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of the State of East Indonesia.svg 1946–1950 State flag A four stripped flag of yellow-red-white-green (horizontally) is given for a state called Indonesia Timur (meaning East Indonesia), a "Federation of East Indonesian States", according to D. Rühl in his book Vlag en Wapen van der Republiek Indonesie, 1950. [5]
Flag of the President of East Indonesia.svg 1947–1950 Presidential standard Besides a national coat of arms and flag a presidential flag and flags for the members of the council of ministers were adopted. The flag of the president was gironny of black, white, red and yellow charged in the middle with a white eight-leaved lotus-flower. Adopted on 2 August 1947. [6]
Pennant of the President of East Indonesia.svg 1947–1950Presidential pennantBeside a presidential flag was a light-blue pennon with a lotus-flower seen from the side. [7]
Flag of the Prime Minister of East Indonesia.svg 1947–1950Prime ministerial flagOn the flags of rank of the Prime Minister, the President of Parliament, the ministers and the vice-ministers there was the Garuda from the emblem of state on a dark-green cloth and at the mast end six-pointed stars, adopted on 2 August 1947. [7]

State of East Sumatra

According to D. Rühl, 1950. The design of the flag was confirmed by a letter from Mr. Van de Velde, Governmental counsellor for Political Affairs on Sumatra to the Lieutenant Governor General Van Mook dd. on 27 Februari 1948, which reads as follows: [8]

de vlag der Negara werd vastgesteld, bestaande uit drie horizontale banen van geel, wit en groen. Met deze kleuren wenst men te symboliseren Grootheid, Rust en Welvaart.

Translated as:

the flag of the Negara was established, consisting of three horizontal bands of yellow, white and green. With these colors one wishes to symbolize Greatness, Tranquility and Prosperity.”

FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of East Sumatra.svg 1948–1950 State of East Sumatra The flag of the State of Eastern Sumatra consisted of three breadths yellow, white and green, the colors of the arms of Medan. The colors symbolize Greatness, Peace and Prosperity.
Flag of Wali Negara of East Sumatra.png 1949–1950Standard of Wali NegaraThe standard of Wali Negara consisted of the color yellow and green, with the state coat of arms in the center.

Pasundan

Two flags were used by the State of Pasundan. The first flag consisted of a bicolor flag of green and white and the other was three stripes of green, white, and green. [9]

FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of Pasundan.svg 1948–1950 State of Pasundan Tricolor flag of green, white, and green.
Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg 1948–1950State of PasundanBicolor green and white flag.

South Sumatra

The Second Dutch military intervention on 30 August 1948 resulted in the establishment of State of South Sumatra, and was incorporated to RIS following the transfer of sovereignty on 27 December 1949. [10] In 1949 the flag was adopted, it was a bicolor yellow and green. [9]

FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of South Sumatra.svg 1949–1950 State of South Sumatra Two breadths yellow and green.

Great Dayak

In 1947–1950 the State of Great Dayak had a flag, namely a horizontal line with three colors namely red, yellow and blue. [9]

FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of Dayak Besar.svg 1947–1950 State of Great Dayak Tricolor flag of red, yellow and blue.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indonesian National Revolution</span> 1945–49 Indonesian conflict and diplomatic struggle against Dutch rule

The Indonesian National Revolution, or the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' transfer of sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia at the end of 1949.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renville Agreement</span> 1948 UN-brokered Dutch–Indonesian ceasefire

The Renville Agreement was a United Nations Security Council-brokered political accord between the Netherlands, which was seeking to re-establish its colony in South East Asia, and Indonesian Republicans seeking for Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution. Ratified on 17 January 1948, the agreement was an unsuccessful attempt to resolve the disputes that arose following the 1946 Linggadjati Agreement. It recognised a cease-fire along the Status Quo Line or so-called "Van Mook Line", an artificial line which connected the most advanced Dutch positions.

The 1949 Federal Constitution of the United States of Indonesia replaced the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia when sovereignty was officially transferred from the Netherlands to Indonesia following the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference. It came into force on 27 December 1949 and was replaced by the Provisional Constitution of 1950 on 17 August 1950.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference</span> 1949 Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence

The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference was held in The Hague from 23 August to 2 November 1949, between representatives of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia and the Federal Consultative Assembly, representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State of East Indonesia</span> 1946–1950 state of the Dutch East Indies then Indonesia

The State of East Indonesia was a post–World War II state formed in the eastern half of Dutch East Indies. Established in December 1946, it became part of the United States of Indonesia (USI) in 1949 at the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, and was dissolved in 1950 with the end of the USI. It comprised all the islands to the east of Borneo and of Java.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung</span> Indonesian politician and diplomat

Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung, alternatively spelled too as Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung, was an Indonesian ethnic-Balinese politician, historian, and National Hero, who was the Raja of Gianyar, Bali, and served as the prime minister of the State of East Indonesia from 1947 to 1949, and the Foreign Affairs Minister of Indonesia from 1955 until 1956.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Product</span> 1947 Dutch military offensive in Indonesia during the National Revolution

Operation Product was a Dutch military offensive against areas of Java and Sumatra controlled by the de facto Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution. It took place between 21 July and 4 August 1947. Referred to by the Dutch as the first politionele actie, in Indonesia, the military offensive is more commonly known in Indonesian history books and military records as Agresi Militer Belanda I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malino Conference</span>

The Malino Conference was organised by the Dutch in the Sulawesi town of Malino from 16 to 25 July 1946 as part of their attempt to arrange a federal solution for Indonesia. From the end of World War II, Indonesian Republicans had been trying to secure Indonesian Independence from the Dutch colonial control.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Consultative Assembly</span> 1949 committee during Indonesian independence talks

The Federal Consultative Assembly, (BFO) was a committee established on 8 July 1948 to discuss the form of the planned federal United States of Indonesia. Its membership comprised the leaders of the various federal states established by the Dutch in the areas they occupied following their attack on the areas of Indonesia controlled by republican forces during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949). It took part in negotiations with the Dutch in August and September 1948, and participated in the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference at which the Dutch agreed to hand over sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State of Pasundan</span> 1948–1950 Dutch client state then state of Indonesia

The State of Pasundan was a federal state (negara bagian) formed in the western part of the Indonesian island of Java by the Netherlands in 1948 following the Linggadjati Agreement. It was similar to the geographical area now encompassed by the current provinces of West Java, Banten and Jakarta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States of Indonesia</span> 1949–1950 federal state in Southeast Asia

The United States of Indonesia was a short-lived federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies on 27 December 1949 following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. This transfer ended the four-year conflict between Indonesian nationalists and the Netherlands for control of Indonesia. It lasted less than a year, before being replaced by the unitary Republic of Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State of Madura</span> 1948–1950 Dutch client state then state of Indonesia

The State of Madura was a federal state (negara bagian) formed on the Indonesian island of Madura by the Netherlands in 1948 as part of an attempt to reestablish the colony of the Dutch East Indies during the Indonesian National Revolution. It included Madura and neighbouring islands that now form part of the current province of East Java.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State of South Sumatra</span> 1948–1950 Dutch client state then state of Indonesia

The State of South Sumatra was a federal state and part of the United States of Indonesia formed in the southern part of Sumatra by the Netherlands in 1948 as part of an attempt to reestablish the colony of the Dutch East Indies during the Indonesian National Revolution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denpasar Conference</span> 1946 conference

The Denpasar Conference was held from 7–24 December 1946 at the Hotel Bali, Denpasar and resulted in the establishment of the State of East Indonesia, part of the United States of Indonesia.

The Cabinet of the State of East Indonesia served as the central government apparatus of the State of East Indonesia, headed by a prime minister who were appointed by the head of state. During the three-year lifetime of the state between 24 December 1946 and 27 December 1949, there were eight cabinets in total, headed by six different prime ministers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tadjuddin Noor</span>

Tadjuddin Noor was an Indonesian politician and nationalist. He was a deputy speaker of the Provisional People's Representative Council between 1950 and 1956, and chaired the legislature of the State of East Indonesia (NIT).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provisional Senate of East Indonesia</span>

The Provisional Senate of East Indonesia was the upper house of the parliament of State of East Indonesia, a component of the United States of Indonesia. The Senate existed from May 1949 to August 1950, when the State of East Indonesia was dissolved into the unitary Republic of Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provisional Representative Body of East Indonesia</span> Provisional legislature from 1946 to 1950

The Provisional Representative Body of East Indonesia was the lower house of the legislature of the State of East Indonesia, a constituent of the United States of Indonesia. It was formed at the Denpasar Conference in 1946, and dissolved in 1950.

References

  1. ↑ Ricklefs, M.C. (2008) [1981], A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 (4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan, p. 373, ISBN   978-0-230-54686-8
  2. ↑ "National Flag, Coat of Arms, Anthem". Embassy of Indonesia, Oslo, Norway. 1 May 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
  3. ↑ Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. p. 123. ISBN   979-461-216-2.
  4. ↑ Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. pp. 126–127. ISBN   979-461-216-2.
  5. ↑ D. Rühl (Jr.) (1950). Vlag en wapen van de republiek Indonesia. Afd. Volkenkunde van de Kon. Ver. Indisch Instituut. pp. 4–2*:104–105. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  6. ↑ Besluit N° 28/PrB/47 dd. 2 Augustus 1947. In: Bijvoegsel Staatscourant van Oost-Indonesië 1947 N° 8.
  7. 1 2 Bijvoegsel van de Staatscourant van Oost-Indonesië 1947, No 8.
  8. ↑ S. L. van der Wal; M. J. B. Schouten; P. J. Drooglever (1971). Officiële bescheiden betreffende de Nederlands-Indonesische betrekkingen 1945-1950 (in English and Dutch). Nijhoff. p. 78. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  9. 1 2 3 D. Rühl (Jr.) (1950). Vlag en wapen van de republiek Indonesia. Afd. Volkenkunde van de Kon. Ver. Indisch Instituut. pp. 4e jaarg. n° 2. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  10. ↑ Alian (2013). "Sumatera Selatan dalam Kerangka Negara Federal Belanda (South Sumatra in the Context of the Dutch federal State". Jurnal Sejarah Dapunta Hiyang (in Indonesian). Palembang: Sriwijaya University. 1 (1): 7–11. ISSN   2337-7844.
  1. ↑ Wikisource: Chapter III, Article III of the 1949 Federal Constitution
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.