Flash Core Module

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IBM FlashCore Modules (FCM) are solid state technology computer data storage modules using PCI Express attachment and the NVMe command set. [1] They are offered as an alternative to industry-standard 2.5" NVMe SSDs in selected arrays from the IBM FlashSystem family, with raw storage capacities of 4.8 TB, 9.6 TB, 19.2 TB and 38.4 TB. FlashCore modules support hardware self-encryption and real-time inline hardware data compression up to 115.2 TB address space, without performance impact.

Contents

History

On September 17, 2007, Texas Memory Systems (TMS) announced the RamSan-500, the world's first enterprise-class flash-based solid state disk (SSD). [2] The Flash Modules were designed from the ground up by Texas Memory Systems using proprietary form-factors, physical connectivity, hard-decision ECC algorithm, and flash translation layer (FTL) contained completely inside the SSD. The flash controllers used a hardware only data path that enabled lower latency than any other commodity controllers could achieve. [3] [4] This product marked the beginning of development of the RamSan All Flash Arrays (AFA) and hybrid DRAM and Flash Arrays, which included custom designed flash management and storage infrastructure management suite implemented in both software and hardware. [5] TMS aggressively developed six more generations of flash controllers (for a total of seven generations) using SLC Nand Flash and adopting MLC Nand flash for the later generations. These flash controllers were offered in a variety of configurations and form factors that included embedded PowerPC processors, FPGAs, and daughter cards with additional flash nodes.

Over 15 TMS products were offered utilizing these flash controllers, including 4 PCIe drives, RamSan-10/20/70/80, that could be installed in off the shelf servers.

TMS was eventually acquired by IBM in 2012. [6]

On January 16, 2014, IBM announced the FlashSystem 840 product, which was the first FlashSystem designed entirely by IBM post-acquisition of TMS. IBM branded the flash controller technology IBM MicroLatency technology, and touted how the technology lowered data access times from milliseconds to microseconds. [7]

On February 19, 2015 IBM announced the FlashSystem 900 and V9000 products and re-branded the flash controller technology as IBM FlashCore technology, and described it as the suite of innovations and capabilities that can enable FlashSystem to help deliver better performance than enterprise disk systems. The flash modules themselves continued to be branded the IBM MicroLatency Modules. This version of the technology supported Micron's MLC flash chip technology. This was also the first generation of FlashCore and first enterprise AFA to offer at speed, inline hardware compression and decompression. [8]

With the announcement of the FlashSystem 9100 on July 10, 2018, FlashCore technology was re-implemented into a standard 2 1/2 inch U.2 NVMe SSD form factor and rebranded as FlashCore Modules (FCM). This marks the first time that the original technology developed by TMS was packaged in such a way that conformed to an industry specification and was interchangeable with industry-standard SSDs used inside of an AFA. [9]

Technology

IBM FlashCore Modules utilize an FPGA and NAND flash memory chips from off-the-shelf vendors to implement the entire data path in hardware. Each FCM contains a single FPGA with an NVMe gateway and multi-core ARM processors. Other major components include DRAM, MRAM, and of course NAND Flash.

As with all FlashCore technology, the FTL is contained completely inside the FCM and the data path includes at speed, inline hardware compression and decompression. [10] The controller design for IBM FCM uses techniques such as health binning, heat segregation, read voltage shifting, and hard-decision error correction codes to avoid re-reads and lower write amplification to provide consistent low latency. [11]

There are currently 3 generations of FCM:

In April 2017, IBM's flash portfolio represented more than 380 patents. [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flash memory</span> Electronic non-volatile computer storage device

Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use the same cell design, consisting of floating gate MOSFETs. They differ at the circuit level depending on whether the state of the bit line or word lines is pulled high or low: in NAND flash, the relationship between the bit line and the word lines resembles a NAND gate; in NOR flash, it resembles a NOR gate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Digital</span> American digital storage company

Western Digital Corporation is an American computer drive manufacturer and data storage company, headquartered in San Jose, California. It designs, manufactures and sells data technology products, including data storage devices, data center systems and cloud storage services.

Input/output operations per second is an input/output performance measurement used to characterize computer storage devices like hard disk drives (HDD), solid state drives (SSD), and storage area networks (SAN). Like benchmarks, IOPS numbers published by storage device manufacturers do not directly relate to real-world application performance.

In computing, a hybrid drive is a logical or physical storage device that combines a faster storage medium such as solid-state drive (SSD) with a higher-capacity hard disk drive (HDD). The intent is adding some of the speed of SSDs to the cost-effective storage capacity of traditional HDDs. The purpose of the SSD in a hybrid drive is to act as a cache for the data stored on the HDD, improving the overall performance by keeping copies of the most frequently used data on the faster SSD drive.

A NetApp FAS is a computer storage product by NetApp running the ONTAP operating system; the terms ONTAP, AFF, ASA, FAS are often used as synonyms. "Filer" is also used as a synonym although this is not an official name. There are three types of FAS systems: Hybrid, All-Flash, and All SAN Array:

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  3. All SAN Array build on top of AFF platform, and provide only SAN-based data protocol connectivity.
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solid-state drive</span> Data storage device

(SSD) is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory, and functions as secondary storage in the hierarchy of computer storage. It is also sometimes called a semiconductor storage device, a solid-state device, or a solid-state disk, even though SSDs lack the physical spinning disks and movable read–write heads used in hard disk drives (HDDs) and floppy disks. SSD also has rich internal parallelism for data processing.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">JMicron</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM FlashSystem</span> IBM Storage enterprise system that store data on flash memory

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">M.2</span> Standard for miniature computer expansion cards

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">3D XPoint</span> Discontinued computer memory type

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Power10</span> 2020 family of multi-core microprocessors by IBM

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References

  1. ↑ "IBM FlashCore Technology". IBM. Retrieved 14 Aug 2019.
  2. ↑ "Texas Memory Systems Introduces the World's Fastest Flash-Based Solid State Device and the First Enterprise-Class Cached Flash Storage System". VITA Technologies. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  3. ↑ Hutsell, Woody. "An In-depth Look at the RamSan-500 Cached Flash Solid State Disk". Texas Memory Systems. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  4. ↑ Ault, Mike. "Happy Holiday Shopping - Not!" . Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  5. ↑ "Texas Memory Systems Unveils the Ultimate "Application Accelerator" RamSan-820 (24-TB Useable, eMLC, 1U) High Availability Flash Storage Appliance and Its RamSan-OS (Operating System)". Texas Memory Systems. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  6. ↑ "IBM Completes Acquisition of Texas Memory Systems" (Press release). IBM. October 1, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  7. ↑ "IBM Introduces X6 Architecture, Optimizes x86-Based Servers for Cloud, Analytics". IBM. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  8. ↑ "IBM Unveils Next Generation Flash Storage Solutions". IBM. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  9. 1 2 Armstrong, Adam (July 10, 2018). "IBM Announces FlashSystem 9100". StorageReview. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  10. ↑ Andy Walls on IBM FlashCore™ on YouTube
  11. ↑ Yardley, Brent (2018-08-06). "A New Form Factor for IBM FlashCore" . Retrieved 2020-03-31.
  12. ↑ "IBM FlashSystem 5200 unlocks the power of your data with IBM Spectrum Virtualize, IBM FlashCore Modules, and storage-class memory". www.ibm.com. 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
  13. ↑ "Announcement Summary - February 11, 2020". www.ibm.com. 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
  14. ↑ "IBM FlashSystems Technical Documentation". www.ibm.com. 2023-07-20. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  15. ↑ "IBM Expands Flash Storage Solutions to Target New, Intelligent Apps in the Cloud". IBM. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
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