Lichenology is the branch of mycology that studies the lichens, symbiotic organisms made up of an intimate symbiotic association of a microscopic alga with a filamentous fungus.
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune mediated disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. It is characterized by polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous papules and plaques with overlying, reticulated, fine white scale, commonly affecting dorsal hands, flexural wrists and forearms, trunk, anterior lower legs and oral mucosa. Although there is a broad clinical range of LP manifestations, the skin and oral cavity remain as the major sites of involvement. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be the result of an autoimmune process with an unknown initial trigger. There is no cure, but many different medications and procedures have been used in efforts to control the symptoms.
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a skin disease of unknown cause, commonly appearing as whitish patches on the genitals, which can affect any body part of any person but has a strong preference for the genitals and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) when it affects the penis. Lichen sclerosus is not contagious. There is a well-documented increase of skin cancer risk in LS, potentially improvable with treatment. LS in adult age is normally incurable, but improvable with treatment, and often gets progressively worse.
Usnea is a genus of mostly pale grayish-green fruticose lichens that grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs. The genus is in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows all over the world.
DJ Luck & MC Neat are a British musical duo, composed of Joel Samuels and Michael Rose mainly performing a combination of house music and UK garage. They had three consecutive Top 10 hits in the United Kingdom in 1999 and 2000.
The Coupe de la Martinique is the top knockout tournament of Martinique football. It was created in 1953.
Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause characterized by 1–2 mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat-topped, pale flesh-colored or reddish-brown papules that may appear as hypopigmented against dark skin. Occasionally, minimal scaling is present or can be induced by rubbing the surface of the papules. The disease usually affects children and young adults and is painless and usually nonpruritic, although protracted itching may occur in some cases. It is sometimes referred to by dermatologists as "mini lichen planus".
The Arthoniales is the second largest orders of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. The order contains around 1500 species, while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species.
The Graphidaceae are a family of funghi in the order Ostropales. The current circumscription of Graphidaceae includes all taxa in the formerly independent families Thelotremataceae, Gomphillaceae, and Asterothyriaceae.
Thelotrema is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong.
Dictyonema is a large and diverse genus of mainly tropical basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae.
Menegazzia inactiva is a species of lichenized fungi found in New Zealand and Australia. The type locality of this species is in Tasmania, south of Arthur River near Sumac Road. The species was discovered on Tasmannia lanceolata in rainforest habitat. The type specimen is held at the herbarium of the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery.
Marchandiomyces is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Corticiaceae. Species include M. aurantiacus and M. corallinus, which are lichenicolous species especially found on lichens of the genera Physcia and Parmelia.
Coccomyces clavatus is a species of foliicolous fungus found on fallen phylloclades of Phyllocladus alpinus in New Zealand.
Austropeltum is a genus of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Austropeltum glareosum, found in Australia and New Zealand.
Lepidostromatales is an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. It is the only known order of basidiomycete fungi composed entirely of lichenized members. Morphologically, the fruiting bodies of all species are clavarioid. Six species are known, five of which were described within the span of 2007–2013. Due to its morphological similarity to the genus Multiclavula, its isolated phylogenetic position was not understood until quite recently. The photobionts that have been found in association with members of this group are not known to associate with any other types of lichenized fungi.
Lepidostroma is a genus in the family Lepidostromataceae. The genus is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi by having a distinctly squamulose thallus with scattered to dense rounded to reniform squamules. Four species are known from the tropics of Africa and the Americas.
An epiphyllous lichen, or foliicolous lichen is a lichen that uses a leaf as its substrate. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partners phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
