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Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is an independent, secular and democratic country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth largest democracy, having the eighth largest population in the world. Bangladesh is among the most densely populated countries in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of 148,460 square kilometres (57,320 sq mi). To the west, north and east, Bangladesh shares land borders with India and with Myanmar to the southeast. In the south, Bangladesh has the world's longest natural sandy beach in Cox's Bazar and the world's largest mangrove forest (Sundarbans) along the coastline forming the northern part of the Bay of Bengal at the apex of the Indian Ocean. It is narrowly separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim in the north. Bangladesh is a parliamentary democracy, where the Prime Minister is the Head of State and the President is a ceremonial figure. General elections are held routinely every five years to elect three hundred Members of Parliament and the party that wins the largest number of seats in parliament forms the government. Dhaka, the capital and the largest city, is the nation's political, financial and cultural centre. Chittagong is the second-largest city and Chittagong Port is one of the busiest ports in the Bay of Bengal together with Mongla Port, Payra Port and Matarbari Port. The official language is Bengali, one of the easternmost branches of the Indo-European language family.
The Bangladesh Armed Forces are the combined military forces of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It consists of the three uniformed military services: the Bangladesh Army, the Bangladesh Navy and the Bangladesh Air Force. The Armed Forces are under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Defence of the Government of Bangladesh, and is directly administered by the Armed Forces Division of the Prime Minister's Office. The President of Bangladesh serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. It has the third-largest defence budget in South Asia and according to the Global Firepower index it is the third most powerful military force in South Asia. Border Guard Bangladesh and Bangladesh Coast Guard are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs during peacetime, but during wartime they fall under the command of Bangladesh Army and Bangladesh Navy respectively.
The Bangla Academy is an autonomous institution funded by the Bangladesh government that fosters the Bengali language, literature and culture, works to develop and implement national language policy and to do original research in the Bengali language. Established in 1955, it is located in Burdwan House in Ramna, Dhaka, within the grounds of the University of Dhaka and Suhrawardy Udyan. The Bangla Academy hosts the annual Ekushey Book Fair.
Khaled Mosharraf, Bir Uttom was a Bangladeshi military officer known for his role in the Bangladesh Liberation War. Khaled was the Sector Commander of Bangladesh Forces Sector 2, leader of the Crack Platoon and K Force (Bangladesh) Brigade Commander during the Bangladesh War of Independence. He fought heroically for Bangladesh's independence and was wounded in front line combat against the Pakistan Army. Under his command K-Force played a crucial role in the unconditional surrender of the Pakistani Army on 16 December 1971. On 23 October, while commanding an operation of the K-Force, Khaled Mosharraf was gravely wounded by enemy fire and required a long period of recovery. Although he suffered a bullet injury, he recovered and remained in command of Bangladesh Forces Sector 2. He is best known as an exceptional combatant who had planned and carried out guerrilla warfare from deep within the jungles of Melaghar. More than thirty five thousand guerilla fighters fought under Khaled's command in sector 2.
The Supreme Court of Bangladesh is the highest court of law in Bangladesh. It is composed of the High Court Division and the Appellate Division, and was created by Part VI Chapter I of the Constitution of Bangladesh adopted in 1972. This is also the office of the Chief Justice, Appellate Division Justices, and High Court Division Justices of Bangladesh. As of January 2023, there are 8 Justices in Appellate Division and 92 Justices in High Court Division.
The High Court Division, Supreme Court of Bangladesh popularly known as the 'High Court' is one of the two divisions of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the other division being the Appellate Division. It consists of the Chief Justice of Bangladesh and the Judges of the High Court Division.
The Directorate General of National Security Intelligence, commonly known as the NSI, is the principal civilian intelligence agency of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The NSI's headquarters is in 1 Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The NSI is the leading body of the Government of Bangladesh in the field of internal security, counter terrorism, counter intelligence and foreign intelligence. NSI is the largest among the intelligence agencies in Bangladesh, the others being the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence (DGFI), SB, CID, PBI and intelligence directorates of armed and paramilitary forces. The agency stands under the direct authority of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
The Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, popularly known as the Mujibnagar Government, was established following the declaration of independence of East Pakistan as Bangladesh on 10 April 1971. Headed by prime minister Tajuddin Ahmad, it was the supreme leadership of the Bangladeshi liberation movement, comprising a cabinet, a diplomatic corps, an assembly, an armed force, and a radio service.
Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury is a Bangladeshi politician who has served as the first female Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad since April 2013. At 46 years of age, she became the youngest to assume the office. She was also the Chairperson of the Executive Committee of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association between 2014 and 2017. She previously served as the state minister of the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs of Bangladesh.
Muhammad Hasan Mahmud is a Bangladesh Awami League politician who is the incumbent Member of Parliament from Chittagong-7 constituency. In January 2019, he appointed as the Bangladesh Minister of Information. He is also a Joint Secretary of the Bangladesh Awami League.
The first Hasina cabinet was the Government of Bangladesh during the 7th legislative session of the Jatiya Sangsad following the 1996 general election, and left office on 15 July 2001.
The second Hasina cabinet was the Government of Bangladesh during the 9th legislative session of the Jatiya Sangsad following the 2008 general election, and serving from 6 January 2009 until 24 January 2014.
Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh which deals with the management of the legal affairs, legislative activities, handles affairs relating to the Parliament of Bangladesh and administration of justice in Bangladesh through its two divisions: Law and Justice Division and the Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division respectively.
Bangladesh Academy of Sciences is an academic forum for Bangladeshi scientists and technologists. Established in 1973, it aims to fulfill the role of promoting research and development of sciences in Bangladesh.
Md. Touhid Hossain is a former Foreign Secretary of Bangladesh. He is the former High Commissioner of Bangladesh to South Africa.
Md Sohorab Hossain is a retired Bangladeshi Civil Servant and currently serving as the Chairperson of the Bangladesh Public Service Commission. He is a former Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Education.
Md. Mahbub Hossain is a Bangladesh civil servant and incumbent Cabinet Secretary of Bangladesh. Prior to this position, he was Senior Secretary of the Energy and Mineral Resources Division of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources. He also served as the chairperson of Titas Gas and Gas Transmission Company Limited. He is the chairman of Omera LPG as nominee of MJL Bangladesh Limited. He is a director of Karnaphuli Fertilizer Company Limited.
Mohammed Nazibur Rahman is an Additional Inspector General of Bangladesh Police and former rector of Police Staff College, Bangladesh. He is the former Principal of Bangladesh Police Academy. He is a former commissioner of Khulna Metropolitan Police and director of the National Security Intelligence. He had previously served in the Bangladesh High Commission to India and was the first chief of the Bangladesh Police's Anti-Terrorism Unit.
References
- ↑ "Bangladesh Foreign Service Academy concludes international course on foreign affairs, diplomacy". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ↑ "Indian officers visit Foreign Service Academy". The Daily Star. 22 April 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- 1 2 "About Foreign Service Academy". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- 1 2 Mustakim, Golam. "Foreign Service Academy". Banglapedia. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ↑ "Genocide Corner at Foreign Service Academy". New Age. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
- ↑ "Roll of Honour". Foreign Service Academy.
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