Forest-tundra

Last updated August 27, 2025

In physical geography, a forest-tundra is a type of terrestrial ecosystem (biome) which is transitional zone (ecotone) between tundra and forest.

The term was coined by Frederic Clements in 1936, for the transitional zone between subalpine forest and alpine tundra. Later its meaning was extended to include the transition between taiga and tundra. ^[1]

Map of forest-tundra^[2]
Map of forest-tundra

References

↑ The Subarctic Forest–Tundra: The Structure of a Biome in a Changing Climate: The shifting of local subarctic tree lines throughout the forest–tundra biome, which is linked to ecological processes at different spatiotemporal scales, will reflect future global changes in climate
↑ Лесотундра

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[1] The Subarctic Forest–Tundra: The Structure of a Biome in a Changing Climate: The shifting of local subarctic tree lines throughout the forest–tundra biome, which is linked to ecological processes at different spatiotemporal scales, will reflect future global changes in climate

[gse1-2] Лесотундра

[1]

[2]