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Francesca Borri | |
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| Born | 1980 |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Notable works | Qualcuno con cui parlare. Israeliani e Palestinesi. |
Francesca Borri (born 1980) is an Italian journalist whose reportage focuses on armed conflicts in Israel and Palestine, Kosovo, and Syria.
She studied in Florence and Pisa and has worked in the Balkans and the Middle East as a human rights officer. Her first book Non aprire mai (2008) was a study of the conflict in Kosovo. In 2010, she published a book on the Israel-Palestine conflict titled Qualcuno con cui parlare. Israeliani e Palestinesi (Someone to talk to. Israelis and Palestinians).
In 2012, she began reporting from Syria. [1] In 2016, Borri's book on the Syrian civil war, La guerra dentro, was translated by Anne Milano Appel and published by Seven Stories Press under the title Syrian Dust. In 2018, Seven Stories published a second translation of Borri's work, Destination Paradise, about the presence of jihadists in the Maldives. This book, however, generated controversy and received great public backlash from the Maldivian Twitter community for its "inaccurate" and "racist" representation of their country and people. [2] [3]
Borri writes regularly for Il Fatto Quotidiano , [4] Internazionale, [5] Egyptian Institute for Studies [6] and Al-Monitor. [7]
Islamic terrorism refers to terrorist acts carried out by fundamentalist militant Islamists and Islamic extremists.
Manuela Dviri Vitali Norsa, is an Italian and Israeli Journalist, Peace activist and Author, who lives in Tel Aviv, Israel and in Virgoletta, a small town in Tuscany, Italy.
Jeremy Francis John Bowen is a Welsh journalist and television presenter.
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Asher Salah is an Israeli historian. He is one of the leading specialists in the literature of the Italian Jews, and a translator of Hebrew literature. He has written extensively in cinema studies and contemporary Middle East politics working as a columnist for several Italian newspapers.
Mujahideen, or Mujahidin, is the plural form of mujahid, an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad, interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).
Nur ad-Din Masalha commonly known in English as Nur Masalha is a Palestinian writer, historian, and academic.
Operation Mole Cricket 19 was a suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) campaign launched by the Israeli Air Force (IAF) against Syrian targets on June 9, 1982, at the outset of the 1982 Lebanon War. The operation was the first time in history that a Western-equipped air force successfully destroyed a Soviet-built surface-to-air missile (SAM) network. It also became one of the biggest air battles since World War II, and the biggest since the Korean War. The result was a decisive Israeli victory, leading to the colloquial name the "Bekaa Valley Turkey Shoot".
As of June 2024, the State of Israel is recognized as a sovereign state by 164 of the 192 member states of the United Nations. The State of Israel was formally established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948, and was admitted to the United Nations (UN) as a full member state on 11 May 1949. It also maintains bilateral ties with all of the UNSC Permanent Five. 28 member states have either never recognized Israel or have withdrawn their recognition; others have severed diplomatic relations without explicitly withdrawing their recognition. Additionally, many non-recognizing countries have challenged Israel's existence—predominantly those in the Muslim world—due to significant animosity stemming from the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Arab–Israeli conflict.
Al-Nusra Front, also known as Front for the Conquest of the Levant, was a Salafi jihadist organization fighting against Syrian government forces in the Syrian Civil War. Its aim was to overthrow president Bashar al-Assad and establish an Islamic state ruled by Sharia law in Syria.
Foreign fighters have fought on all four sides of the Syrian Civil War, as well both sides of the War in Iraq. In addition to Sunni foreign fighters, Shia fighters from several countries have joined pro-government militias in Syria, leftist militants have joined Kurdish forces, and other foreign fighters have joined jihadist organizations and private military contractors recruit globally. Estimates of the total number of foreign Sunnis who have fought for the Syrian rebels over the course of the conflict range from 5,000 to over 10,000, while foreign Shia fighters numbered around 10,000 or less in 2013 rising to between 15,000 and 25,000 in 2017.
Following the outbreak of the protests of Syrian revolution during the Arab Spring in 2011 and the escalation of the ensuing conflict into a full-scale civil war by mid-2012, the Syrian Civil War became a theatre of proxy warfare between various regional powers such as Turkey and Iran. Spillover of the Syrian civil war into the wider region began when the Iraqi insurgent group known as the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) started intervening in the conflict in 2012.
The Military of the Islamic State is the fighting force of the Islamic State (IS). The total force size at its peak was estimated from tens of thousands to over two hundred thousand. IS's armed forces grew quickly during its territorial expansion in 2014. The IS military, including groups incorporated into it in 2014, openly operates and controls territory in multiple cities in Libya and Nigeria. In October 2016, it conquered the city of Qandala in Puntland, Somalia. It conquered much of eastern Syria and western Iraq in 2014, territory it lost finally only in 2019. It also has had border clashes with and made incursions into Lebanon, Iran, and Jordan. IS-linked groups operate in Algeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, and in West Africa. In January 2015, IS was also confirmed to have a military presence in Afghanistan and in Yemen.
Anne Milano Appel is an American translator of Italian literature and language teacher. She obtained a doctorate in Romance languages from Rutgers University in 1970. She has translated, among others, works by Claudio Magris, Paolo Giordano, Giovanni Arpino and Goliarda Sapienza. She was awarded the John Florio Prize in 2012 for her translation of Arpino's Scent of a Woman. She is also working on English translations of Giordano's Like Family, Syrian Dust by Francesca Borri and Don't Tell Me You're Afraid by Giuseppe Catozzella.
The Followers of Zainab Brigade, also known as the Zainebiyoun Brigade or Zainebiyoun Division, is a Pakistani Shia Khomeinist militant group actively engaged in the Syrian Civil War. It draws recruits mainly from Shia Pakistanis living in Iran, with some also Shia Muslim communities living in various regions of Pakistan.
Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war have come to Syria and joined all four sides in the war. In addition to Sunni foreign fighters arriving to defend the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant or join the Syrian rebels, Shia fighters from several countries have joined pro-government militias in Syria, and leftists have become foreign fighters in the Syrian Democratic Forces.
Francesca P. Albanese is an Italian international lawyer and academic. On 1 May 2022, she was appointed United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories for a three-year term. She is the first woman to hold the position.
Italy has yet to recognize Palestine as a sovereign state, partly due to a desire to await the outcome of the currently stalled negotiations, and partly because the majority of European Union countries do not recognize it either. Nevertheless, Italy firmly backs the creation of the State of Palestine in accordance with the two-state solution. It also helps to fund UNRWA, which assists Palestinian refugees. Both nations are a part of the Union for the Mediterranean.
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