Francisca de Haan is a Dutch historian and writer who specializes in women's and gender history. From 2002 until 2022, she has taught at the Central European University, first in Budapest and since 2020 located in Vienna, where she is now Professor Emerita of Gender Studies and History, as well as being a fellow at the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam. [1] Her publications include A Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms: Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe, 19th and 20th Centuries (2006) [2] and she is the founding editor of Aspasia: The International Yearbook of Central, Eastern and South Eastern European Women’s and Gender History (since 2007). From 2005 to 2010, de Haan was vice-president of the International Federation for Research in Women's History. [3] [4]
Brought up in the Netherlands in a family which included several independent, unmarried teachers, De Haan aspired to become a teacher from an early age. She later developed an interest in history and in an academic career. [5] After graduating as an M.A. at the University of Amsterdam in 1985, she earned a doctorate in history from the Erasmus University of Rotterdam in 1992. [6] Her PhD thesis was awarded with a Study-Prize of the Praemium Erasmianum Foundation and was published in English in 1998. [7]
With the notable exception of her book about the Dutch Jewish van Gelderen family (Een eigen patroon. Geschiedenis van een joodse familie en haar bedrijven, ca. 1800-1964, published in 2002), De Haan's work is devoted almost exclusively to the women's movement. These include a co-authored book about Elizabeth Fry and Josephine Butler in Britain and The Netherlands; [8] a co-edited volume about women's activism; [9] and another co-edited volume about Rosa Manus, [10] in 1935 the founding president of the International Archives for the Women's Movement in Amsterdam (now called Atria), and a long-term vice-president of the International Alliance of Women. She has taken a special interest in the three most influential women's organizations in the Cold War years: the International Council of Women, the International Alliance of Women and the Women's International Democratic Federation. In this connection, she has traced the development of interest in women's rights at the United Nations. [5] [11]
Aletta Henriëtte Jacobs was a Dutch physician and women's suffrage activist. As the first woman officially to attend a Dutch university, she became one of the first female physicians in the Netherlands. In 1882, she founded the world's first birth control clinic and was a leader in both the Dutch and international women's movements. She led campaigns aimed at deregulating prostitution, improving women's working conditions, promoting peace and calling for women's right to vote.
Marta Verginella is a Slovenian historian from the Slovene minority in Italy in Trieste, notable as one of the most prominent contemporary Slovene historians. Together with Alenka Puhar, she is considered a pioneer in the history of family relations in the Slovene Lands.
Elena Meissner also called Elena Buznea-Meissner, was a Romanian feminist and suffragist. She was the co-founder of the Romanian women's movement organisation Asociația de Emancipare Civilă și Politică a Femeii Române (1918) and its president in 1919.
In the Netherlands, feminism began as part of the first-wave feminism movement during the 19th century. Later, the struggles of second-wave feminism in the Netherlands mirrored developments in the women's rights movement in other Western countries. Women in the Netherlands still have an open discussion about how to improve remaining imbalances and injustices they face as women.
Vera Poska-Grünthal (1898–1986) was a leading Estonian feminist. She was one of the founders of the International Federation of Women Lawyers (IFWL), an International Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that enhances the status of women and children by providing legal aid, legal literacy and education programs, and through advocacy, law reform, research and publications. She also founded the Estonian-language journal Triinu in Sweden in 1952, serving as its editor until 1981.
Calypso Botez (1880–1933), was a Romanian writer, suffragist and women's rights activist.
Vida Tomšič néeBernot was a Slovenian Partisan fighter during World War II, prominent communist politician, women's activist, and people's hero in postwar Yugoslavia. She was born and died in Ljubljana and held many government positions in Slovenia and Yugoslavia during her long career. Tomšič was a Marxist feminist who "saw women’s rights as strictly dependent on the social and economic development of the country as a whole."
Catharine van Tussenbroek was a Dutch physician and feminist. She was the second woman to qualify as a physician in the Netherlands and the first physician to confirm evidence of the ovarian type of ectopic pregnancy. A foundation that administers research grants was set up in her name to continue her legacy of empowering women.
Atria, institute on gender equality and women's history is a public library and research institute in Amsterdam dedicated to research and policy advice on gender equality and to the documentation and archival of women's history. Its previous names were International Information Centre and Archive for the Women's Movement (IIAV) (1988-2009) and Aletta, Institute for Women's History (2009-2013).
Rosette Susanna "Rosa" Manus (Dutch pronunciation:[roːˈsɛtəsyˈsɑnaːˈroːsaːˈmaːnʏs] was born 20 August 1881 and died either at Auschwitz or Ravensbruck in 1942. She was a Jewish Dutch pacifist and female suffragist and was involved in women's movements and anti-war movements. She served as the President of the Society for Female Suffrage, the Vice President of the Dutch Association for Women's Interests and Equal Citizenship, and was one of the founding members of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom as well as its secretary. She firmly believed that women could work together across the world to bring peace. Although Manus was fairly well known in feminist circles in the 1920s and 1930s, she remains relatively unknown today. She was involved in feminist work for about thirty years during her lifetime and was known as a "feminist liberal internationalist."
Suat Derviş (1905–1972) was a Turkish novelist, journalist, and political activist, who was among the founders of the Socialist Women’s Association in 1970.
International Archives for the Women's Movement was founded in Amsterdam in 1935, as a repository to collect and preserve the cultural heritage of women and make the documents of the movement available for study. The entire collection was stolen by the Nazis in 1940 and only small portions were recovered after the war. In 1988, the part of the archival collection which had not been looted by the Nazis became the foundational collection of the International Information Centre and Archives for the Women's Movement. A substantial portion of the archive was discovered in Moscow in 1992 and returned to Amsterdam in 2003. In 2013, the institution which houses the collection was renamed as the Atria Institute on Gender Equality and Women's History
Willemijn Posthumus-van der Goot was a Dutch economist, feminist and radio broadcaster. As the first woman to attain a doctorate in economics in the Netherlands, her work focused on the impact of working women on the economy. Recognizing that there were few sources, she joined with other feminists to create the International Archives for the Women's Movement in 1935. Writing reports on women's work, she refuted government claims that women working outside the home was of no benefit. First proposed in 1939, the Household Council, which she saw as an organization to foster training and organize domestic laborers was instituted in 1950. She founded the International Association of Women in Radio, as an organization for professional development and networking in 1949. As a peace activist, she was involved in the promotion of pacifism and believing women had unique qualities for solving world problems, she established the International Scientific Institute for Feminine Interpretation. In 1982, in recognition of her significant contributions to the Dutch Women's Movement, Posthumus-van der Goot was appointed as an officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau. In 2008, she, her husband and sister, were honored as Righteous Among the Nations by the government of Israel, for their fostering children during the Dutch occupation by the Nazis.
Leopoldine Kulka was an Austrian writer and editor. As editor of Neues Frauenleben she controversially met women from combatant countries at the 1915 Women's conference at the Hague.
Mien van Wulfften Palthe was a Dutch feminist and pacifist. As a member of the Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht and Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, she strove to secure enfranchisement for women and worked as an advocate for peace.
Bertha "Betsy" Bakker-Nort was a Dutch lawyer and politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives for the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) from 1922 to 1942.
Anna Elisabeth (Liesbeth) Ribbius Peletier was a socialist feminist Dutch politician.
Linda was a feminist literary magazine which existed between 1887 and 1905. It was the first women's magazine in the country as reflected in its subtitle, Esimene literatuurlik ja ajakohane ajakiri Eesti naisterahvale.
National Council of Greek Women is a Greek women's organization, founded in 1908.
Elizabeth Acland Allen (1901-1969) was a British social activist of the 20th century involved in a number of women's, liberal and civil liberties organisations.