[[Independent Radical Socialist Republican Party|PRRSI]] (1933-1934)
[[Republican Left (Spain)|IR]] (1934-1947)"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwBg">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}
Francisco José Barnés Salinas | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Minister of Public Instruction | |
In office 12 June 1933 –12 September 1933 | |
Preceded by | Fernando de los Ríos Urruti |
Succeeded by | Domingo Barnés Salinas |
Minister of Public Instruction | |
In office 15 May 1936 –19 July 1936 | |
Preceded by | Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán |
Succeeded by | Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán |
Minister of Public Instruction | |
In office 19 July 1936 –4 September 1936 | |
Preceded by | Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán |
Succeeded by | Jesús Hernández Tomás |
Personal details | |
Born | 1877 Seville,Spain |
Died | 1947 Mexico City,Mexico |
Political party | PRRS (1929-1933) PRRSI (1933-1934) IR (1934-1947) |
Occupation | Professor,politician |
Francisco JoséBarnés Salinas (1877–1947) was a Spanish professor and Left Republican politician. He was Minister of Public Instruction and the Arts during the Second Spanish Republic. After the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) he went into exile in Mexico,where he died.
Francisco Barnés was born in Seville in 1877. He attended secondary school and studied Philosophy and Literature in Seville. In 1900 he was appointed catedrático (professor) by the Institute of Geography and History,and taught at the schools in Pamplona and Ávila. [1] He was attached to the ideals of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza . [2] Barnés married Dorotea González de la Calle,daughter of a well-known professor Urbano González Serrano. They had several children,of whom the youngest were Angelita and Juan. [3] In 1920 Francisco Barnés joined the Instituto-Escuela,where he taught until 1936 when the Institute was closed due to the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). [1] He implemented various pedagogical innovations at the institute. [2]
Barnés was active in the Republican Left party. When the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed he was a deputy in the 1931 Constituent Assembly. [1] He was appointed a member of the Board of Trustees of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza by ministerial order on 6 August 1931. Manuel BartoloméCossío was president. The board selected young teachers to undertake educational missions in the most remote and isolated villages of Spain. They were carefully selected for their ability to create relaxed and friendly but serious relationships with the villagers,to avoid shocking them in any way while introducing them to modern culture. [4]
Barnés was appointed Minister of Public Instruction in the government of Manuel Azaña in June 1933. [1] Barnés was Minister of Public Instruction from 12 June 1933 to 12 September 1933. He succeeded Fernando de los Ríos Urruti and was succeeded by his brother,Domingo Barnés Salinas. [5] While Minister in 1933 he and his successors,his brother Domingo Barnés and then JoséPareja Yébenes,were responsible for formulating the law that excluded religious organizations from teaching,and created secular public schools to replace the religious schools. This was enshrined in the constitution. [1]
Barnés was again appointed Minister of Public Instruction in the government of Santiago Casares Quiroga in May 1936 and of JoséGiral in June 1936. Until this last appointment he continued to teach at the Instituto-Escuela. [1] He replaced Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán as Minister of Public Instruction on 15 May 1936. For one day on 19 July 1936 at the outbreak of the civil war he was replaced by Domingo Sanjuán,then returned to office,which he held until 4 September 1936. He was replaced by Jesús Hernández Tomás. [5] Hernández Tomás was a militant communist who launched reforms that treated education as a social function. [6]
After leaving office in September 1936 Barnés generally avoided political office from fear of the safety of his wife and son,who had stayed in Ávila in the rebel zone when the civil war broke out. He accepted the position of inspector of the war front after the death in battle of his youngest son,Juan. He undertook some diplomatic missions for the government. He was appointed consul in Algiers in August 1937,and then consul in Gibraltar a year later. [1] The damaged Republican destroyer JoséLuis Díez took refuge in Gibraltar in late August 1938. [7] Barnés had difficulty obtaining permission from the British authorities for the sailors to disembark,which was only allowed under tight restrictions,and repairs had to be made clandestinely. The ship made an attempt to escape on 31 December 1938,then was interned at Gibraltar for the duration of the war. [8]
After the civil war Barnés sailed from France to Mexico in the Nyassa. [1] While in exile he became a professor at El Colegio de México . He helped create the Chapultepec Museum in Mexico City. Francisco Barnés Salinas died in Mexico City in 1947. [9]
Authority control |
---|
Diego Martínez Barrio was a Spanish politician during the Second Spanish Republic, Prime Minister of Spain between 9 October 1933 and 26 December 1933 and was briefly appointed again by Manuel Azaña on 19 July 1936 - two days after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. From 16 March 1936 to 30 March 1939 Martínez was President of the Cortes. In 1936, he was briefly the interim President of the Second Spanish Republic, from 7 April to 10 May.
Ramón Serrano Suñer, was a Spanish politician during the first stages of the Francoist dictatorship, between 1938 and 1942, when he held the posts of President of the FET y de las JONS caucus (1936), and then Interior Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister. A neofalangist originally from the CEDA, Serrano Suñer came to embody the most totalitarian impetus within the regime. Serrano Suñer was known for his pro-Third Reich stance during World War II, when he supported the sending of the Blue Division to fight along with the Wehrmacht on the Russian front. He was also the brother-in-law of Francisco Franco's wife Carmen Polo, for which he was informally nicknamed Cuñadísimo or the "most brother-in-law".
José Giral y Pereira was a Spanish politician, who served as the 75th Prime Minister of Spain during the Second Spanish Republic.
Juan Yagüe y Blanco, 1st Marquis of San Leonardo de Yagüe was a Spanish military officer during the Spanish Civil War, one of the most important in the Nationalist side. He became known as the "Butcher of Badajoz" because he ordered thousands killed, including wounded men in the hospital.
Fernando Figueroa was the President of El Salvador from 14 May to 18 June 1885 and again from 1 March 1907 to 1 March 1911. He also served twice as Minister of National Defense and Governor of San Vicente.
Domingo Tirado Benedí was a Spanish-born educator.
Francisco López Acebal was a Spanish novelist, playwright and journalist.
Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres-Sotomayor, 1st Count of Romanones was a Spanish politician and businessman. He served as Prime Minister three times between 1912 and 1918, president of the Senate, president of the Congress of Deputies, Mayor of Madrid and many times as cabinet minister. He belonged to the Liberal Party. Romanones, who built an extensive political network, exerted a tight control on the political life of the province of Guadalajara during much of the Restoration period. He also was a prolific writer, authoring a number of history essays.
José Luis Díez was a Churruca-class destroyer in the Spanish Republican Navy. She took part in the Spanish Civil War on the government side.
The Institución Libre de Enseñanza was a pedagogical experience developed in Spain for more than half a century (1876-1939). It was inspired by the Krausist philosophy introduced at the Central University of Madrid by Julián Sanz del Río, and had an important impact on Spanish intellectual life, as it carried out a fundamental work of renewal in Restoration Spain.
The Provisional Government of the Second Spanish Republic was the government that held political power in Spain from the fall of Alfonso XIII of Spain on April 14, 1931 and the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic until the approval of the Spanish Constitution of 1931 on December 9 and the formation of the first regular government on December 15. The King's departure created the need for a provisional government, whose first president was Niceto Alcalá Zamora, who presided until 1936, when Manuel Azaña took over. The new constitution established freedom of speech, freedom of association, extended voting privileges to women, allowed divorce, and stripped the Spanish nobility of their special legal status.
Jesús Hernández Tomás was a Spanish communist leader. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) he was Minister of Education and Fine Arts, then Minister of Education and Health. After the war he went into exile in Oran, Moscow and then Mexico. He was expelled from the party in 1944 for disloyalty to the leadership, and purged from the official history of the party after writing a book in 1953 critical of the Stalinist role in the Civil War.
Carlos Esplá Rizo was Spanish Left Republican politician and journalist. For several months during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) he was the first Spanish Minister of Propaganda.
Fernando de los Ríos Urruti was a Spanish professor of Political Law and Socialist politician who was in turn Minister of Justice, Minister of Education and Foreign Minister between 1931 and 1933 in the early years of the Second Spanish Republic. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) he was Spanish Ambassador to France and then to the United States.
Manuel Bartolomé Cossío was a Spanish art historian and Krausist teacher. Born in Haro, La Rioja, he entered the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, where he was the godson and favourite pupil of Francisco Giner de los Ríos as well as his inseparable companion and successor. He also wrote a monumental study of El Greco. He was director of the Museo Pedagógico Nacional and president of the Misiones Pedagógicas, becoming "the most eminent figure in Spanish pedagogy in the period 1882 to 1935", two years after his death. He died at Collado Mediano in Madrid.
Gloria Giner de los Ríos García was a Spanish teacher at the Escuela Normal Superior de Maestras and the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. The author of innovative manuals dedicated to the teaching of history and geography, she, together with Leonor Serrano Pablo, developed the educational "recipe" that they called "enthusiastic observation". They also worked to change the androcentric canon of geographical studies to include women.
Licinio de la Fuente y de la Fuente was a Spanish Francoist politician who served as Minister of Labour from 1969 to 1975. Promoter of the Democracia Social party during the Spanish Transition, he was one of the "Magnificent Seven", the seven political leaders who founded the federation of People's Alliance (AP) in 1976.
Rafael María de Labra y Cadrana was a Spanish krausist educator, activist, lawyer, lecturer, Republican politician and author. He served two times as Rector of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. A noted abolitionist, he was a key figure in the campaign for the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico and Cuba.
Luis de Zulueta y Escolano (1878–1964) was a Spanish Republican politician, pedagogue and diplomat. He was linked to the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. He served as Minister of State from 1931 to 1933, during the Second Republic.
José Cuesta Monereo was a senior Spanish army officer, regarded as the planner of the Spanish coup of July 1936 in Seville at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, and thereafter other areas, initially under the command of general Gonzalo Queipo de Llano. The plans resulted in the abuse, torture and murder of thousands of local people.