Franco-Indian Defence

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Franco-Indian Defence
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Moves1.d4 e6
ECO A40
Origin19th century
Named after
Parent Queen's Pawn Game
Synonym(s)Horwitz Defence

The Franco-Indian Defence (also Horwitz Defence) is a chess opening defined by the moves:

Contents

1. d4 e6

This response to White's 1.d4 is so named "because it may lead to the French Defence, or to one of the Indian Defences; it may, however, take a different course." [1] Alternatively, author Eric Schiller has proposed the name "Horwitz Defence", after the German chess master and writer Bernhard Horwitz (1807–1885), who played it against Daniel Harrwitz between 1849 and 1852. [2] [3]

The opening has little independent significance and is likely to transpose into other openings. English grandmaster Simon Williams often uses 1.d4 e6 as a way of playing for the Dutch Defence while avoiding the Staunton Gambit (1.d4 f5 2.e4!?). [4] [5] One of the few independent lines is the Keres Defence (1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4+), where White usually plays 3.Bd2, avoiding a transposition to the Nimzo-Indian Defence; however, transpositions to other openings such as the Bogo-Indian Defence are still possible.

The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code for the Franco-Indian Defence is A40.

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Common transpositions

See also

Related Research Articles

The Nimzo-Indian Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

The Bogo-Indian Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

The Queen's Indian Defense (QID) is a chess opening defined by the moves:

The Dutch Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

The English Opening is a chess opening that begins with the move:

The Caro–Kann Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

The Black Knights' Tango is a chess opening beginning with the moves:

The Benoni Defense, or simply the Benoni, is a chess opening characterized by an early reply of ...c5 against White's opening move 1.d4.

The Queen's Pawn Game is any chess opening starting with the move:

The Queen's Gambit Declined is a chess opening in which Black declines a pawn offered by White in the Queen's Gambit:

The Keres Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

In the game of chess, Indian Defence or Indian Game is a broad term for a group of openings characterised by the moves:

The Queen's Knight Defense is a chess opening defined by the moves:

In chess, a transposition is a sequence of moves that results in a position that may also be reached by another, more common sequence of moves. Transpositions are particularly common in the opening, where a given position may be reached by different sequences of moves. Players sometimes use transpositions deliberately, to avoid variations they dislike, lure opponents into unfamiliar or uncomfortable territory or simply to worry opponents. To transpose is to play a move that results in a transposition.

The English Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

A Semi-Closed Game is a chess opening in which White plays 1.d4 but Black does not make the symmetrical reply 1...d5.

References

  1. ↑ Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1996) [First pub. 1992], "Franco-Indian Defence", The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 144, ISBN   0-19-280049-3
  2. ↑ "CHESSGAMES.COM * Chess game search engine". Chessgames.com . Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  3. ↑ Schiller, Eric (1998), Unorthodox Chess Openings (1st ed.), Cardoza Publishing, p. 196, ISBN   0-940685-73-6
  4. ↑ "Review: The Aggressive Classical Dutch". Chess News. 2019-01-22. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  5. ↑ Williams, Simon (2003). Play the Classical Dutch. London, England: Gambit Publications. ISBN   978-1901983883.
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