Indonesia,officially the Republic of Indonesia,is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands,including Sumatra,Java,Sulawesi,and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area,at 1,904,569 square kilometres. With over 279 million people,Indonesia is the world's fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java,the world's most populous island,is home to more than half of the country's population.
Papua New Guinea is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia. Officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea,it shares its only land border with Indonesia to the west and it is directly adjacent to Australia to the south and the Solomon Islands to the east. Its capital,located along its southeastern coast,is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest island country,with an area of 462,840 km2 (178,700 sq mi).
The Free Papua Movement or Free Papua Organization is a name given to independence movement based on Western New Guinea,seeking the secession of the territory currently administered by Indonesia as the provinces of Central Papua,Highland Papua,Papua,South Papua,Southwest Papua,and West Papua,also formerly known as Papua,Irian Jaya and West Irian.
The indigenous peoples of Western New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea,commonly called Papuans,are Melanesians. There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands:a first wave from the Malay Archipelago perhaps 50,000 years ago when New Guinea and Australia were a single landmass called Sahul and,much later,a wave of Austronesian people from the north who introduced Austronesian languages and pigs about 3,500 years ago. They also left a small but significant genetic trace in many coastal Papuan peoples.
The Pacific Solution is the name given to the government of Australia's policy of transporting asylum seekers to detention centres on island nations in the Pacific Ocean,rather than allowing them to land on the Australian mainland. Initially implemented from 2001 to 2007,it had bipartisan support from the Coalition and Labor opposition at the time. The Pacific Solution consisted of three central strategies:
Western New Guinea,also known as Papua,Indonesian New Guinea,and Indonesian Papua,is the western,Indonesian half of the island of New Guinea. Given the island is alternatively named Papua,the region is also called West Papua.
The United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP) unites the three main political independence movements seeking independence for Western New Guinea from Indonesia under a single umbrella organisation. The ULMWP was formed on 7 December 2014 in Vanuatu uniting the Federal Republic of West Papua (NRFPB),the West Papua National Coalition for Liberation (WPNCL) and the National Parliament of West Papua (NPWP).
Human rights in Indonesia are defined by the 1945 Constitution and the laws under it;several rights are guaranteed especially as a result of the constitutional amendments following the Reform era. The Ministry of Law and Human Rights deals with human rights issues in the cabinet,and the National Commission on Human Rights,established in Suharto's New Order administration in 1993,is the country's national human rights institution.
The Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) is an intergovernmental organization,composed of the four Melanesian states of Fiji,Papua New Guinea,Solomon Islands and Vanuatu,and the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front of New Caledonia. In June 2015,Indonesia was recognized as an associate member.
Sir Michael Thomas Somare was a Papua New Guinean politician. Widely called the "father of the nation",he was the first Prime Minister after independence. At the time of his death,Somare was also the longest-serving prime minister,having been in office for 17 years over three separate terms:from 1975 to 1980;from 1982 to 1985;and from 2002 to 2011. His political career spanned from 1968 until his retirement in 2017. Besides serving as PM,he was minister of foreign affairs,leader of the opposition and governor of East Sepik Province.
Terrorism in Indonesia refer to acts of terrorism that take place within Indonesia or attacks on Indonesian people or interests abroad. These acts of terrorism often target the government of Indonesia or foreigners in Indonesia,most notably Western visitors,especially those from the United States and Australia.
James Marape is a Papua New Guinean politician who has served as the prime minister of Papua New Guinea since May 2019. He has been a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea since July 2007,representing the electorate of Tari-Pori Open in Hela Province in the New Guinea Highlands. He has held Cabinet Posts as Minister of Education (2008–2011),Minister of Finance (2012–2019),and Minister of Foreign Affairs (2023–present). Marape entered the 2022 elections under the banner of the Pangu Party and won more seats than any other party. He was therefore entitled to form the government. His new government was elected unopposed by the new parliament.
Barnabas Suebu also known as Bas Suebu,is an Indonesian politician. He was the governor of the Indonesian province of Papua for two periods:1988–1993 and 2006–2011. He wants to protect the province's forests,and has made plans to declare a moratorium on log exports and recommended that no new logging concessions be granted to timber companies. Suebu appeared on Time magazine's list of Heroes of the Environment October 2007.
The Papua conflict is an ongoing conflict in Western New Guinea (Papua) between Indonesia and the Free Papua Movement. Subsequent to the withdrawal of the Dutch administration from the Netherlands New Guinea in 1962 and implementation of Indonesian administration in 1963,the Free Papua Movement has conducted a low-intensity guerrilla war against Indonesia through the targeting of its military,police,as well as civilian populations.
Nicolaas Jouwe was a Papuan leader who was selected to be vice president of the New Guinea Council that governed the Dutch colony of Netherlands New Guinea. As the president of the New Guinea Council was the Dutch civil servant Frits Sollewijn Gelpke,Jouwe was the highest ranking Papuan politician in the colony.
The Enlargement of the Associationof Southeast Asian Nations is the process of expanding the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) through the accession of new member states. This process began with ASEAN's five original members,who founded the association through the signing of the Bangkok Declaration in 1967. Since then,the ASEAN's membership has grown to ten with the accession of Cambodia in 1999.
Peter Charles Paire O'Neill is a Papua New Guinean politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 2011 to 2019. He has been a Member of Parliament for Ialibu-Pangia since 2002. He was a former cabinet minister and the leader of the People's National Congress between 2006 and 2022. He resigned his position as prime minister to avoid a vote of no confidence,and he was succeeded by James Marape. O'Neill won re-election to the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea in 2022 in the first round with a large majority,which is unusual in the country.
Police-General (Ret.) Muhammad Tito Karnavian is an Indonesian retired police officer who is currently serving as Minister of Home Affairs since 2019. Previously,he served as chief of the Indonesian National Police from 2016 to 2019 and chief of the National Counter Terrorism Agency in 2016.
Muhammad Abud Musa'ad is an Indonesian academic and bureaucrat who is serving as the Acting Governor of Southwest Papua since 9 December 2022. He also held office in the Ministry of Investment as the minister's expert staff for competitiveness improvement. Musaad was previously head of Papua's Regional Development Planning Agency from 2014 until 2019 and Second Assistant to the Papuan Regional Secretary from 2020 until 2022. He was also a lecturer in the Cenderawasih University,with his last position in the university being the head of the university's democratic center.
Indonesia 
Indonesian Navy 
Vice Admiral 
