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The Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 is a turboprop aircraft engine produced by Pratt & Whitney Canada. Its design was started in 1958, it first ran in February 1960, first flew on 30 May 1961, entered service in 1964 and has been continuously updated since. It consists of two basic sections: a gas generator with accessory gearbox and a free power turbine with reduction gearbox, and is often seemingly mounted backwards in an aircraft in so far as the intake is at the rear and the exhaust at the front. Many variants of the PT6 have been produced, not only as turboprops but also for helicopters, land vehicles, hovercraft, boats, as auxiliary power units and for industrial uses. By November 2015, 51,000 had been produced, had logged 400 million flight hours from 1963 to 2016. It is known for its reliability with an in-flight shutdown rate of 1 per 651,126 hours in 2016. The PT6A covers the power range between 580 and 1,940 shp while the PT6B/C are turboshaft variants for helicopters.
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Garrett AiResearch was a manufacturer of turboprop engines and turbochargers, and a pioneer in numerous aerospace technologies. It was previously known as Aircraft Tool and Supply Company, Garrett Supply Company, AiResearch Manufacturing Company, or simply AiResearch. In 1964, Garrett AiResearch merged with Signal Oil & Gas to form a company renamed in 1968 to Signal Companies, which in 1985 merged with Allied Corp. into AlliedSignal. In 1999 AlliedSignal acquired Honeywell and adopted the Honeywell name.
The Pratt & Whitney GG4 and FT4 are related aero-derivative gas turbine engines developed from the Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4 turbojet line. They are axial twin spool turbojets with a can-annular type combustion element, typically operated as turboshaft engines. In this configuration the gas generator provides the expanding gases to drive a power or “Free Turbine”. This turbine is then used to drive electrical generators, mechanical pumps or propellers for marine applications.
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Many variations of aircraft engine starting have been used since the Wright brothers made their first powered flight in 1903. The methods used have been designed for weight saving, simplicity of operation and reliability. Early piston engines were started by hand, with geared hand starting, electrical and cartridge-operated systems for larger engines being developed between the wars.
Homer J. Wood was an engineer at Garrett AiResearch, who did pioneering work in gas turbine engines for aircraft applications. He won the Wright Brothers Medal in 1949 with Frederick Dallenbach for a paper discussing auxiliary turbines to supply pneumatic power for aircraft based on the Garrett GTC43/44 and GTP70 units. Wood went on to design the GTC85, one of the most widely used auxiliary power units in commercial and military aviation.
References
- ↑ American Aviation (1949) 13, 30.
- 1 2 Leyes, R. A. and Fleming, W. A. (1999) The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston VA.
- ↑ H.J. Wood and F. Dallenbach (1950) Auxiliary Gas Turbines for Pneumatic Power in Aircraft Applications, SAE Quarterly Transactions 4, 197.
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