Friedrich Welz

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Friedrich Maximilian Welz (born 2 November 1903 in Salzburg; died 5 February 1980 in Salzburg) was an Austrian art dealer and Nazi Party member investigated for art looting.

Contents

Biography

Friedrich Welz took over his father's picture frame shop in Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse in 1934 as manager and in 1937 as owner. In it he opened his "art store", which soon developed into the "Galerie Welz", whose first exhibitions were devoted to the works of Klimt, Schiele, Kubin and Oskar Kokoschka. [1] Later exhibitions focused on the Vienna Secession, the Nötscher Kreis  [ de ] (Nötsch Circle), Italian and French art of the 19th and 20th centuries, and German Expressionism. In 1937 he moved the gallery to the vacated showrooms of the "Wittek Villa" in Schwarzstraße. There he organized with Otto Kallir the "Waldmüller Exhibition", [2] which was highly regarded during the Austrofascist Ständestaat. Prominent visitors included Franz Rehrl, then governor of Salzburg, and Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg.

Rise during National Socialism

Welz was a Nazi party member, joining officially in July 1938 with party number: 6 339 332. [3]

Immediately after the Anscluss of Austria with Hitler's Third Reich in 1938, Austria's Jews were persecuted and their property transferred to non-Jews. Welz's career blossomed. [4] In April 1938, Welz took over the Würthle Gallery in Vienna, whose Jewish art dealer, Lea Bondi-Jaray, had been forced to transfer to a non-Jewish owner on April 3, 1938, in "Aryanization". [5] [6]

In 1939 and 1940, Welz acquired 26 works from the Jewish art collector Heinrich Rieger who was deported to Theresienstadt and murdered in the Holocaust, along with his wife. Paintings acquired by Welz from Rieger's collection included Egon Schiele's "Embrace" and "Cardinal and Nun" as well as Josef Dobrowsky's "Poor in Spirit,"

Welz was involved in the creation of the Landesgalerie Salzburg under the Nazis. [7]

In 1940 he curated an exhibition of Hans Makart, an artist favored by the Nazis. Hermann Göring was the patron of the exhibition, Adolf Hitler's personal photographer Heinrich Hoffmann edited the exhibition catalog for which Albert Reitter wrote the foreword. [8]

Welz undertook regular buying trips to Nazi-occupied Paris on behalf of Baldur von Schirach and other prominent Nazis. [9]

His connections in the Nazi art world included Bruno Grimschitz and Kajetan and Josef Mühlmann. [10]

Postwar

After the defeat of Nazi Germany, Welz was arrested and investigated for his role in looting art from Jewish collections. [11] [12]

The Americans appointed the provisional administrator Fritz Hoefner for Welz's Salzburg art dealership, who reported Welz to the public prosecutor's office of the People's Court in Linz on June 26, 1947, for the "Aryanization" of a villa in St. Gilgen, the Würthle Gallery and the Heinrich Rieger Collection within the meaning of § 6 KVG for "abusive enrichment". The proceedings ended in 1949 and 1950 respectively with a partial acknowledgement and an out-of-court settlement. [13]

After his release, Friedrich Welz returned to the art scene. [14]

In 1976 Welz bequeathed a large part of his private collection, including the complete printed works of Oskar Kokoschka to the province of Salzburg. [15]

Friedrich Welz died on February 5, 1980, in his hometown and was buried in the family grave at Salzburg's municipal cemetery.

In 2000 a Welz biography criticized Salzburg authorities for having whitewashed Welz's role in procuring Nazi-looted art. [16]

Claims for restitution of Nazi-looted art acquired by Welz

Numerous lawsuits have been filed requesting the restitution of artworks acquired by Welz from Jewish collectors under the Nazis in Austria. These include claims by the heirs of Lea Bondi for the Portrait of Wally , by Egon Schiele, [17] [18] [19] and by the heirs of Heinrich Rieger for "Wayside Shrine", also by Schiele. [20] In 2023 a 1910 Klimt that had been owned by Irene Beran before she fled the Nazi was the object of a restitution and repurchase agreement between the Beran heirs and Ronald S. Lauder. [21] [22]

Family

Friedrich Welz was the brother of the well-known painter and architect Hans Welz (* 1900 in Salzburg, † 1975 in Cape Town) who later called himself by his first name "Jean" and is today considered one of the most important painters in South Africa.

Literature and sources

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Tradition since 1899". Galerie Welz Salzburg. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  2. ↑ Petropoulos, Jonathan (2011). "Bridges from the Reich the importance of émigreart dealers as reflected in the case studies of Curt Valentin and Otto Kallir-Nirenstein". Kunstgeschichte. OCLC   888872791. In the mid–1930s, Kallir had begun collaborating with Friedrich Welz in Salzburg, as Kallir sent Welz works by Richard Gerstl in 1936, and they worked together on a Ferdinand Waldmüller exhibition in the summer of 1937 in Salzburg.
  3. ↑ "Austrian court orders seizure of Nazi-looted Schiele". The Art Newspaper - International art news and events. 2002-12-01. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  4. ↑ "Books and Publications: Gert Kerschbaumer, Meister des Verwirrens: Die Geschäfte des Kunsthändlers Friedrich Welz (Master of Intrigues: The Dealings of the Art Dealer Friedrich Welz)". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  5. ↑ "Network Of European Restitution Committees On Nazi-Looted Art" (PDF).
  6. ↑ "The Holocaust Art Theft of Egon Schiele's "Portrait of Wally" Becomes a Documentary Thriller". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-11-15. Bought from Schiele by the Jewish Viennese gallery owner Lea Bondi, and kept by her in her home, the painting was stolen by a Nazi art expert, Friedrich Welz, following the Anschluss. Welz also confiscated and "aryanized" Bondi's gallery.
  7. ↑ "Fritz Koller, Das Inventarbuch der Landesgalerie Salzburg 1942-1944 (The Inventory Book of the Landesgalerie Salzburg 1942-1944)". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-11-15. The Salzburg art dealer Friedrich Welz (1903-1980) was instrumental in the gallery's creation and was its unofficial director between 1942 and 1944. Most of the gallery's collection consisted of works Welz had purchased within the German Reich and on several trips to Paris after 1940.
  8. ↑ Schwarz, Birgit (2009). Geniewahn: Hitler und die Kunst (in German). Böhlau Verlag Wien. ISBN   978-3-205-78307-7.
  9. ↑ Art Looting Investigation Unit. "Art Looting Intelligence Unit (ALIU) Reports 1945-1946 and ALIU Red Flag Names List and Index". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-11-15. Welz, Friedrich. Salzburg, Galerie Welz. Baldur von Schirach's personal agent for art purchases in France. Contact of Mohnen.
  10. ↑ "Gert Kerschbaumer, Meister des Verwirrens: Die Geschäfte des Kunsthändlers Friedrich Welz (Master of Intrigues: The Dealings of the Art Dealer Friedrich Welz)". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  11. ↑ "Art Looting Intelligence Unit (ALIU) Reports 1945-1946 and ALIU Red Flag Names List and Index". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  12. ↑ United States Attorney Southern District of New York. "UNITED STATES ANNOUNCES $19 MILLION SETTLEMENT IN CASE OF PAINTING STOLEN BY NAZI" (PDF).
  13. ↑ "Land Salzburg -". www.salzburg.gv.at. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  14. ↑ "Books and Publications: Gert Kerschbaumer, Meister des Verwirrens: Die Geschäfte des Kunsthändlers Friedrich Welz (Master of Intrigues: The Dealings of the Art Dealer Friedrich Welz)". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  15. ↑ "MODERN GALLERY AND GRAPHICAL COLLECTION RUPERTINUM". Galerie Welz Salzburg. 2021-03-10. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  16. ↑ "Meister des Verwirrens: Die Geschäfte des Kunsthändlers Friedrich Welz (Master of Intrigues: The Dealings of the Art Dealer Friedrich Welz) by Gert Kerschbaumer". www.lootedart.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-18. Retrieved 2021-11-18. Kerschbaumer criticises the Salzburg public authorities for their post-war collusion in downplaying Welz's role under the Nazis, but also for focusing criticism on Welz in recent years, thereby deflecting attention from the city's own active involvement in the acquisition of works of art within the German Reich and in Paris under the Nazi regime.
  17. ↑ "Row over Egon Schiele work costs Austrian museum $19m". BBC. 21 July 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2023..
  18. ↑ "HOLOCAUST ART LOOTING & RESTITUTION SYMPOSIUM U.S. EXPERIENCE: PORTRAIT OF WALLY AND THE LEOPOLD MUSEUM" (PDF).
  19. ↑ "Counsels of very grudging justice: Austrian government divided on restitution claims". The Art Newspaper - International art news and events. 2000-02-01. Archived from the original on 2021-10-02. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  20. ↑ Green, Peter S. (2002-11-16). "Austrian Police Seize Art Said to Be Stolen by Nazis". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  21. ↑ News Desk (2023-02-10). "RONALD S. LAUDER, JEWISH HEIRS REACH AGREEMENT ON KLIMT PAINTING". Artforum. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
  22. ↑ "Ronald S. Lauder Reaches Agreement on Klimt Painting With Jewish Heirs". New York Times.
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