List of claims for restitution for Nazi-looted art

Last updated

The list of restitution claims for art looted by the Nazis or as a result of Nazi persecution is organized by the country in which the paintings were located when the return was requested.

Contents

Australia and New Zealand

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Cornelis Bega

Paintings anonymous artists

Federico Gentili die Giuseppe [1]

Claim for restitution to Art Gallery of South Australia in Adelaide
Restitution in 2000 by compensation. [2]
Painting "Head of a Man" previously attributed to Vincent van Gogh Richard Semmel

Claim for restitution to The National Gallery of Victoria

No Litigation - Return - Painting remains in museum on 12- month loan [3]
Gerard ter Borch

Portrait d'une femme avec un éventail

Oil painting around 1670
Max Emden Collection

Claim for restitution to National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne [4]
in process [5]
Macchiaioli

Cinq tableaux

Milieu du XIXe siècle
Cino Vitta Collection [6]

Claim for restitution to Public Galery of Art, New Zealand, for five paintings in the 'école de Macchiaioli.
After an amicable settlement in April 1999, three paintings remained in the museum and two were placed in an auction. The proceeds of the sale were divided between the museum and the heirs. [7] [8]

Croatia

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
André Derain, "Still Life With a Bottle," and Maurice de Vlaminick's "Landscape by the Water," which were held by the National Museum of Modern Art, Dane Reichsman

request for restitution of art collection seized by the fascist Ustashe regime [9]

In 2023 three museums restituted artworks to the Reichsmann heirs. [10] [11]

Sweden

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Emil Nolde "Blumengarten (Utenwarf)" Otto Nathan Deutsch [12]

Claim for restitution to Moderna Museet in Stockholm [13] [14]
Settlement in 2009 after six year dispute. [15] The Moderna Museet had purchased the Nolde from the Ketterer Galerie in Lugano without provenance. [16]

Austria

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Martin van Heemskerck, Two altar wings with pictures of the donors Richard Neumann

restitution claim to

the city of Krems an der Donau

In 2007 the descendants of Neumann received back two paintings by "Kremser Schmidt" Martin Johann Schmidt, which had come into the possession of the city of Krems an der Donau illegally through the "Aryanization". [17]
Egon Schiele Hauser am Meer (Houses by the Sea) 1914 Egon schiele hauser-am-meer.jpg
Egon Schiele Häuser am Meer (Houses by the Sea) 1914
Houses by the Sea (Häuser am Meer), 1914, by Egon Schiele Jenny Steiner, Daisy Hellmann (née Steiner b. in Vienna 22 April 1890 - 5 January 1977)

claim against

Leopold Museum [18]

The Leopold Museum settled with Jenny Steiner's heirs, including Daisy's daughter, in 2012 [19]
Rudolf Alt, Bäume (Skizzenbuchblatt), Bleistiftstudie, rücks. Nachlassstempel, 24,7 × 15,3 cm, Inv.-Nr. II/6218Alfred und Valerie Eisler, Vienna

Neue Galerie, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz

Restituted on 26. January 1953 to the heirs of Valerie Eisler [20]
Gustav Klimt, Damenbildnis (Portrait Ria Munk III), 1917–18 Oil on canvas, 180.7 x 89.9 cm Aranka Munk

Lentos Art Museum in Linz

In 2019 restituted to the rightful heirs of Aranka Munk [21]
Four Trees (1917) by Egon Schiele (Vier Baume (Kastanienallee im Herbst) Egon Schiele 094.jpg
Four Trees (1917) by Egon Schiele (Vier Bäume (Kastanienallee im Herbst)
Four Trees "Vier Bäume"

by Egon Schiele

Josef and Alice Morgenstern [22]

claim to Österreichische Galerie Belvedere

In 2020 the Austrian Restitution Advisory Board recommended that "Four Trees" by Egon Schiele be restituted to the Morgenstern heirs. [23]
porcelain object Nathan Eidinger

MAK, Vienna

In 2014 the advisory board recommended the restitution of several porcelain objects from the MAK to the heirs to Nathan Eidinger [24]
gouache by Philippe BergerKäthe and Maximilian Kellner

Albertina Museum, Vienna

In 2014 the advisory board recommended the restitution of a gouache by Philippe Berger from the Albertina to the heirs to Maximilian and Käthe Kellner [24]
drawing by Adolf Menzel Leopolodine Mannaberg

Albertina Museum, Vienna

In 2014 the advisory board recommended the restitution of the advisory board also recommended the restitution a drawing by Adolf Menzel to the heirs to Leopoldine Mannaberg [24]
Adolph von Menze l's gouache on paper Stehende Rüstungen (1886) ("Standing Suits of Armour") Adele Pächter (murdered at the Theresienstadt concentration camp) [25]

Albertina Museum, Vienna

Restituted by the Albertina Museum to the heirs of Hermann and Adele Pächter in 2014 [26]
Maiwiese by Emil Nolde Otto Siegfried Julius

Lentos Art Museum in Linz

Restituted to the rightful heirs of Otto Siegfried Julius in 2015 [24] [27]
Lesser Ury, Die Näherin, 1883 Oil on canvas, 52 x 42.5 cm Fritz Loewenthal

Lentos Art Museum in Linz

Restituted to the rightful heirs of Fritz Loewenthal in 1999 [28]
Anton Romako, Mädchen mit aufgestütztem Arm (the daughter of the artist), ca.1875 Oil on canvas, 72.5 x 61 cm

Anton Romako, Der Zweikampf (Kämpfende Ritter), Oil on canvas, 110 x 82.5 cm

Anton Romako, Lager im Wald (Zigeunerlager), ca. 1879 Oil on canvas, 41 x 32 cm Anton Romako, Mädchen mit Nusskorb (Tochter des Künstlers), ca. 1880 Oil on canvas, 139 x 89.5 cm

Anton Romako, Ungarische Puszta (Strohschober in Bálványos), ca. 1880 Oil on canvas, 26.5 x 21.5 cm

Anton Romako, Bildnis Karl Schwach, 1854 Oil on canvas, 45.5 x 37 cm

Oskar Reichel, a medical doctor in Vienna,

heirs' claim against Lentos Art Museum in Linz

In 2012 restituted to the legal successor of Oskar and Malvine Reichel. The six paintings will continue to be displayed at the LENTOS on permanent loan. [29]
Anton Romako Oskar Reichel, a medical doctor in Vienna,

heirs' claim against Albertina Museum in Vienna [30]

Anton Romako (1832–1889) Lying dog, Watercolour, 23.2 x 32 cm Albertina, Inv. No. 29226Armin Reichmann, Albertina Museum in ViennaIn 2012 the restitution committee recommended that the Albertina Museum restitute Romako's Lying Dog to the Reichmann heirs. [31]
Adoration of the Magi by Giovanni di Paolo (1460)

and many other paintings [32]

Oscar Bondy (d. 1946) [33] [34] [35] 99 paintings seized from the Bondy collection by Nazis in 1938 in Vienna are said to have been restituted to his widow Elizabeth Bondy after the war in 1948, however this was only part of the collection. There were intensive negotiations with Austrian authorities, and serious issues with locating objects and obtaining export licences, as well as pressure to "donate". The Austrian advisory board was still studying the fate of the Bondy collection in 2021. [36]
The Portrait of Wally Neuzil, by Egon Schiele Egon Schiele - Portrait of Wally Neuzil - Google Art Project.jpg
The Portrait of Wally Neuzil, by Egon Schiele
Egon Schiel, The Portrait of Wally (1912)Heirs of Lea Bondi Jaray [37]

claim against the Leopold Museum

After many years of litigation, [38] in 2010, the Leopold Museum agreed to pay a settlement of $19 million to Bondi's heirs [39]
Elisabeth BondyElizabeth Bondy, recommendation issued by Austrian advisory board on 27 Oct. 1999 [40] [41]

Belgium

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Flowers by Lovis Covith (1913) Lovis Corinth - Rote und rosa Rosen in Vase auf Tischtuch (1913).jpg
Flowers by Lovis Covith (1913)
Louis Corinth

Flowers (1913)

Gustav and Emma Mayer [42]

returned by Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium (KMSKB)

Looted by the E.R.R., the artwork was recovered by Leo Van Puyvelde after the defeat of the Nazis and transferred to Belgium's Economic Recovery Department which placed it in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in 1951. It was restituted to the Mayer heirs in February 2022. [43]

Germany

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
The Foxes by Franz Marc Franz Marc - The Foxes - Google Art Project.jpg
The Foxes by Franz Marc
Franz Marc

The Foxes Die Füchse, 1913.

Kurt Grawi (1887-1945) [44]

claim to City of Düsseldorf and the Kunstpalast Museum

In 2017, Grawi's family demanded the restitution of Marc's painting The Foxes (1913) from Düsseldorf's Kunstpalast. It was decided to restitute in 2021. [45] [46]
Wilhelm Leibl - Bauernmadchen Wilhelm Leibl - Bauernmadchen.jpg
Wilhelm Leibl - Bauernmädchen
Peasant Girl Without a Hat by artist Wilhelm Leibl Alexander Lewin [47]

Bremen Museum

restituted to the heirs in 2009 [48]
drawing 'Felsige Waldlandschaft mit weitem Ausblick' by Isaak Major Arthur Feldmann [49] [50]

Kunsthalle Bremen [51]

Looted, then sold twice at Sotheby's London (in 1946, and 1975), sold to the British Rail Pension Fund, then dealer C. G. Boerner in Düsseldorf who sold it to Kunsthalle Bremen. Identified by the research of Arthur Feldmann's grandson Uri Peled Feldmann. Resituted and purchased back in 2016 [52]
Hans von Marees - Selbstbildnis mit gelbem Hut Hans von Marees - Selbstbildnis mit gelbem Hut - Google Art Project.jpg
Hans von Marées - Selbstbildnis mit gelbem Hut
Hans von Marées

Husband with a Yellow Hat (Selbstbildnus mit gelbem Hut)

Max Silberberg [53] [54]

claim to Berlin National Gallery

The Berlin National Gallery which had acquired Hans von Marées' Husband with a Yellow Hat at the forced Graupe auction of 1935, [55] restituted the painting to the Silberberg heir in July 1999 and then bought it back the same year.
Portrait of Max John, painting by Otto Dix (1920) Fritz Glaser [56]

claim to Museum of Modern Art (Freiburg im Breisgau) [57] [58]

Negotiations with the heirs of Fritz Salo Glaser resulted in an accord with the museum.
eight paintings by Max Beckmann, Juan Gris, and Paul Klee Alfred Flechtheim [59] claim to

Bavarian State Paintings Collections (Pinakothek) [60]

2016: lawsuit filed in U.S. District Court in New York by Michael Hulton of San Francisco and the widow of Flechtheim's nephew and heir Henry Hulton [61]
Tilla Durieux by Oskar Kokoschka [62] and others Alfred Flechtheim [59] claim to

Ludwig Museum [63]

In 2013, the city of Cologne agreed to return from the Ludwig Museum Kokoshka's portrait of Tilla Durieux [64] and other drawings to the Fleichtheim heirs. The family agreed to let the museum keep drawings by Karl Hofer, Paula Modersohn-Becker, Ernst Barlach, Aristide Maillol and Wilhelm Morgner on display in the museum. [61]
"Lighthouse With Rotating Beam" by Paul Adolf Seehaus Alfred Flechtheim [59] claim to

Kuntsmuseum Bonn [65]

2012 settlement [66] with the Kuntsmuseum Bonn concerning "Lighthouse With Rotating Beam" by Paul Adolf Seehaus [61]
Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, ‘Preparing the Celebration of the Wine Harvest’ [67] Irma and Oscar Lowenstein [68]

Germany loaned the looted paintings to German museums

Seized for Führermuseum, then loaned to German museums, to be restituted in 2021 to the London-based Vision Foundation [69]
Ferdinand Georg Waldmueller Das gutmutige Kind (Der Bettler) Ferdinand Georg Waldmueller Das gutmutige Kind (Der Bettler).jpg
Ferdinand Georg Waldmueller Das gutmütige Kind (Der Bettler)
Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, ‘The Good Natured-Child (The Beggar)’ [70] Irma and Oscar Lowenstein

Germany loaned the looted paintings to German museums

Seized for Führermuseum, then loaned to German museums, to be restituted in 2021 to the Lowenstein heirs, the London-based Vision Foundation [69] [71]
Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller ‘The Grandparents’ Visit’ [72] Irma and Oscar Lowenstein

Germany loaned the looted paintings to German museums

Seized for Führermuseum, then loaned to German museums, to be restituted in 2021 to the London-based Vision Foundation [69]
triptych by Count Leopold von Kalckreuth Marietta Glanville [73]

Neue Pinakothek in Munich, Bavarian State Paintings Collection,

restituted in March 2000 [74]
Marchesa Imperiale mit Tochter (Marchesa Imperiale with her daughter) by Rubens Jacob and Rosa Oppenheimer [75] Staatsgalerie Stuttgart (State Gallery Stuttgart)Research revealed out-of-court financial settlement in 1954. The 2000 claim was withdrawn. [75]
Egon Schiele, Kauernder weiblicher Akt (Crouching Female Nude), 1917. Heinrich Rieger [76] [77] claim to Ludwig Museum in Cologne [78] restituted to heirs following Germany Advisory Commission unanimous recommendation [79]
Lucien Adrion
La Procession
oil painting, 1927
Ismar Littmann [80]
Restitution request to Fondation Ernst Strassmann. [81]
Restituted to the heirs on 17 June 2003.
Pablo Picasso

Madame Soler

Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartoldy [82]

Restitution claim filed in Federal Court of New York against Bavaria (Bavaria State Painting collections) [83] [84] [85]

In June 2021 Bavarian officials refused to refer the dispute to the national commission created to review claims of art lost in the Nazi era. [86]
Edvard Munch

"A summer's night on the beach" (1902)

Alma Mahler-Werfel [87]

claim against

sterreichische Galerie Belvedere [88]

Restituted to Mahler-Werfel heirs after long battle [88] [89] [90]
Bellotto - The Moat of the Zwinger in Dresden.jpg
Bernardo Bellotto
Canal Zwinger à Dresde
oil painting, 1751
Max Emden [91] [92]

Restitution request to Germany, after the painting was discovered hanging in the President's office.

Munich Central Collecting Point (number 1648), 15 January 1946

Treuhandverwaltung für Kulturgut, Munich

Office of the Federal President, Bonn, on loan since 1961.

At first Germany resisted a claim, but after an advisory panel decision it was finally restituted to Emden's heirs in 2019.

Restituted to the heirs of Max Emden, 2019 [93] [94]

Friedrich Olivier, Shriveled Leaves (1817)family of Dr Marianne Schmidl

restitution request to the National Gallery of Art [95]

"As part of an agreement with the Schmidl heirs announced on August 17, a similar drawing from the series – Oliver's Shrivelled Leaves – will remain in the gallery with an appropriate acknowledgment and financial compensation." [96]
A Branch with Shrivelled Leaves’, a drawing by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1794-1872)family of Dr Marianne Schmidl

restitution request to the National Gallery of Art [95]

Restitution as part of an agreement concerning two artworks. [96]
Cornelis Bega.jpg
Cornelis Bega

Autoportrait,

oil sketch on paper, avant 1664

Jacques Goudstikker [97]

Restitution request to Kunsthalle de Hambourg
Restitution en October 2006. [98] [99]
Carl Blechen - Schlafender Faun.jpg
Carl Blechen

Faune endormi

Huile sur bois avant 1840
Clara Freund, wife of Julius Freund [100]

Restitution request to Germany for this painting, as well as two other Blechens and an aquarelle by Anselm Feuerbach.
Restituted to the heirs en 2009. [101]
Corinth-frau-mit-lilien.jpeg
Lovis Corinth

Femme avec lys dans une serre

oil painting, 1911
Otto Ollendorff

Resitituion request to the museum of Görlitz

Restituted to Ollendorf heirs in 1998.
Lovis Corinth - Portrat Charlotte Corinth (1915).jpg
Lovis Corinth

Portrait de Charlotte Corinth

oil painting, 1915
Ismar Littmann  [ sv ] [102]

Restitution request to Hamburgische Landesbank
Restituted to the heirs 27 November 2001.
Corinth-roman-landscape.jpeg
Lovis Corinth

Paysage romain

oil painting, 1914
Curt Glaser [103]

Restitution request to city of Hannovre / Musée Sprengel
Restituted on 24 September 2007.
Carl Spitzweg - Hexenmeister3.jpg
Carl Spitzweg

Le sorcier

oil painting, 1875–80
Leo Bendel (murdered by Nazis) [104]

Restitution request to Kunstsammlung Rudolf August Oetker GmbH, Bielefeld.

after initial refusal, restituted by Oetker to Bendel heirs in 2019 [105]
Cornelis Springer

Marché avec hôtel de ville et église (Lübeck)

oil painting, 1870
Victor Ephrussi

Restitution request to city of Lübeck
Restituted to the heirs in February 2004. [106]
David Tenier

Ländliche Szenen

Öl auf Leinwand, 1677
Jacques Goudstikker

Dzemande à la city of Cologne (Wallraf-Richartz-Museum)
Restituted to the heirs in December 2005.
Hans-thoma-dammerung-am-gardasee.jpg
Hans Thoma

Coucher de soleil sur le lac de Garde

oil painting,
Ottmar Strauss

Restitution request to Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlung
Restituted on 5 October 2004. [107]
1760 Tiepolo Rinaldos Abschied von Armida anagoria.JPG
Giambattista Tiepolo

Painting "Rinaldo Saying Farewell to Armida" (L'adieu de Rinaldo à Armida) by Giambattista Tiepolo

oil painting, vers 1725–1726
Frederico Gentili di Giuseppe

Restitution request to Gemäldegalerie de Berlin
Restituted in November 1999. [108]
Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo
Painting "Portrait of a Bearded Man"
(Portrait d'un homme barbu)

oil painting, XVIIIe siècle
Jacques Goudstikker

Restitution request to musée Herzog-Anton-Ulrich à Brunswick
Restitution in December 2006 to the Goudstikker heirs.
Jacopo Tintoretto

Portement de la croix

oil painting,
Lucie Mayer-Fuld [109] widow of Harry Fuld

Restitution request to Karl Haberstock
Settlement agreement between Lucie Mayer-Fuld and Karl Haberstock. The painting is now in the collection of the city of Düsseldorf.
Cornelis Troost

Tableau familial

oil painting, XVIIIe siècle
Collection Jacques Goudstikker

Restitution request to musée de Wiesbaden
Restituted to the heirs Goudstikker le 25 April 2007.
Constant Troyon

Vaches sur la plaine

oil painting,
Collection Jacques Goudstikker

Restitution request to city of Cologne
Restituted to the heirs en December 2005.
Winterhalter-girl-sabine-mountain.jpg
Franz Xaver Winterhalter

Jeune Fille des monts Sabins

oil painting, vers 1835
Collection Max Stern

Restitution request to Maria-Luise Bissonnette
Restituted on 27 December 2007 aux héritiers et au Max Stern Art Restitution Project. [110]
Wouwermann-reitschuleimfreien.jpg
Philips Wouwerman

École d'équitation

oil painting, XVIIe siècle
Collection Arthur Goldschmidt

Restitution request to Fondation Karl et Magdalene Haberstock

Restituted
Henri Matisse,

Femme assise,

oil painting, vers 1924
Collection Paul Rosenberg

Restitution request to German authorities after the painting was discovered in Munich in the hoard of the son of Hitler's art dealer [111] «  collection Gurlitt  » in 2013 [112]
Restituted to the heirs in 2015.
Jean-Louis Forain,

Portrait de femme de profil,

oil painting, 1881
Armand Dorville

Restitution request to German authorities after discover in the Gurlitt stash in Munich. 2013 [113]
Restituted to the heirs in 2020.
Jean-Louis Forain,

Femme en robe du soir,

aquarelle, vers 1880
Constantin Guys,

Amazone sur un cheval cabré,encre sur papier

Camille Pissarro, La Seine vue du Pont-Neuf, au fond le LouvreMax Heilbronn

Restitution request to German authorities after discover in the Gurlitt stash in Munich. [114]

Restituted
Adolph von Menzel, Inneres einer gotischen Kirche, dessin, 1874Elsa Helene Cohen

Restitution request to German authorities after discover in the Gurlitt stash in Munich. [115]

Restituted to the heirs in 2017.
Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, Der Wildbach Strubb bei Ischi, oil painting, 1831 [116] Hermann Eissler Restitution request to German authorities after discover in the Gurlitt stash in Munich. [117] Restituted to the heirs in 2017. [118]
Ferdinan Georg Waldmüller, Der Dachstein von Alt-Aussee gesehen, (View of Lake Altaussee and the Dachstein) oil painting, 1834 [119]
Portrait of a Seated Woman by Thomas Couture.jpg
Thomas Couture, Portrait de jeune femme assise, oil painting, 1850 Georges Mandel. Restitution request to German authorities after discover in the Gurlitt stash in Munich. [120] Restitution to Mandel's granddaughter, Maria de las Mercedes Estrada in 2019

Canada

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Vasari-marriage al cana.jpg
Giorgio Vasari

Les Noces de Cana

oil painting, 1566
Collection d'art du musée de l'État hongrois

Restitution request to musée des beaux-arts de Montréal
Restituted to Hungary in January 1999.
Vernet-Lecomte 2.jpg
Émile Vernet-Lecomte

Aimée - Une jeune Égyptienne

oil painting, 1869
Collection Max Stern

Restitution request to an anonymous private seller at Sotheby's à New York. Put for sale in 2001, the painting was part of Max Stern's collection of 250 artworks
restitution agreement on 19 October 2006. [121]
Le salon de Madame Aron 2006 NYR 01722 0035 .jpg
Édouard Vuillard

Le Salon de Madame Aron

oil painting, 1911-1912
Collection Alfred Lindon

Restitution request to Galerie nationale du Canada [122]
Restituted on 24 September 2003. [123] [124]

The Netherlands

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Bild mit Hausern by Wassily Kandinksy, 1909 Bild mit Hausern by Wassily Kandinksy, 1909.jpg
Bild mit Häusern by Wassily Kandinksy, 1909
Kandinsky 'Painting with Housesheirs of the Lewenstein family, (Emanuel Lewenstein, then his widow Hedwig Lewenstein and their children, Robert and Wilhelmine Lewenstein) [125]

restitution claim to

Stedelijk Museum [126]

Initially, in November 2018, the Dutch Restitution Decision ruled in favour of the City of Amsterdam and Stedelijk Museum, which housed the canvas, saying the "[i]nterest of the claimant in restitution does not outweigh the interest of the [Museum] in retaining the work." [127] [128] [129] But the Kohnstamm Committee, which had been established in 2016, [130] and the advocacy of Mondex Corporation, [131] urged an end to the "balance-of-interest" test that had previously reigned [132] in favour of the principle that “unless the facts expressly show otherwise, when assessing restitution applications concerning private individuals who belonged to a persecuted population group, we [will] assume that the loss of possession was involuntary.” [133]

As a result of these changes, the painting was restituted to its rightful owners in February 2022. [134]

seven pieces of Italian majolica Alfred Pringsheim

heirs claim to Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum Foundation

IN 2008, the Boijmans received a letter from the representative of the Pringsheim heirs requesting the return. [135] In 2024 the Boijmans museum includes the Pringsheim's majolica in its list of works with a suspicious provenance. [136]
"Woman Seated on the Grass at the Edge of a Meadow and Reading" by Nicolaas van der Waay Isaak Leefsma and Helene Leefsma-Meijet (deported and murdered in Holocaust)

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam

Boijman's director Dirk Hannema purchased the painting from the Nazi looting agency, Dieststelle Mühlmann, in 1943, shortly after the Jewish owners were deported to their deaths. [137] It remained in the Boijmans until 2000, when it was restituted to the Leefsma heirs. [138]
Old Man with Beard (NK2694)

by Salomon Koninck (1609-1656).

Alphonse Stettiner, Oscar Stettiner and Adele de Jong-Stettiner [139]

Claim for restitution to Dutch authorities (Netherlands Cultural Heritage Agency)

2 February 2015 The Dutch Restitutions Committee recommended rejecting the claim [139] [140]
Dune Landscape with Deer Hunt by Gerrit Claesz BlekerRichard Semmel

claim for restitution Frans Hals Museum in Haarlem

Claim rejected in 2013 by the Dutch commission ("prioritises the interest of museums to keep paintings over the rights of claimants to restitution") [141]
Bernardo Strozzi's Christ and the Samaritan Woman at the Well (1635)Richard Semmel [141]

Claim

Museum de Fundatie in Zwolle

Claim rejected by Dutch Commission in 2013 because of the importance of the painting [142]

"Rejection revisited after international criticism; museum overrides panel decision in 2021 to pay €200,000 in compensation to Semmel's heirs" [143]

Portrait of Pieter Bouwens

by Ferdinand Bol

Gustaaf Hamburger, Amsterdam

Claim

Museum Tongerlohuys, Roosendaal

Restituted to the heir of Gustaaf Hamburger in 2015 [144]
Jan Davidsz. de Heem (Utrecht 1606-1684 Antwerp), A Banquet still life (NK 2711) also known as Still Life with Glass, Glass Stand and Musical InstrumentsJacob Lierens [145]

Claim to Dutch authorities (on loan to the Centraal Museum, Utrecht)

After many years of efforts to reclaim the paintings, the Lierens family was granted a favorable decision for restitution by the Dutch committee in 2019 [146]
Dirck Hals (Haarlem 1591–1656) and Dirck van Delen (Heusden 1604/5-1671 Arnemuiden) A Merry Company in a palatial interior (NK 2584) also known as Banquet Scene with Musicians and Shuffle Board Players in an InteriorJacob Lierens [147]

Claim to Dutch authorities (on loan to the Frans Hals Museum in Haarlem)

After many years of efforts to reclaim the paintings, the Lierens family was granted a favorable decision for restitution by the Dutch committee in 2019 [146]
Salomon van Ruysdael

River Landscape with Ferry

Jacques Goudstikker

Claim against the Rijksmuseum

restituted after a battle to the heirs of the Goudstikker family in 2006 [148]
Little Boy on His Deathbed," by 17th-century Dutch master Bartholomeus van der Helst Jacques Goudstikker

Claim against The Netherlands

The looted painting remained in Dutch museum for a half century until the family won a restitution battle [149]
A River landscape with a beggar's family and horsemen near a ruin (NK2782),

by Jan Josefsz. van Goyen

Gustaaf Hamburger [150] [151]

claim for restitution Limburg Museum (on loan from Stichtung Nederlands Kunstbezit aas Esaias van de Velde)

Restitution to Hamburger heirs in March 2014 [150]

(confiscated by Dienstelle Mühlmann; anonymous Dorotheum sale (1942); Kunsthistoriches Museum Vienna; Stichtung Nederlands Kunstbesit (1951); NK2782; on loan to Limburg Museum in Venlo until restitution in 2014)

Studio of Bernard van Orley (Brussels c. 1488-1541)

Christ on the Road to Calvary (NK 1414)

Hans Ludwig Larsen

Claim for restitution to

Dutch authorities

Restituted to the heirs of Hans Ludwig Larsen, 2014 [152] The Dutch Restitution Committee also decided to restitute NK 1410, NK 1412, NK 1417, NK 1420, NK 1424, NK 1428, NK 1441, NK 1447, NK 1451, NK 2243 and NK 2463 to Larsen's heirs, however it also recommended that payment "in return for restitution" be demanded. [153]
P. Bordone, Portrait of a man (NK 1771)Jacob and Rosa Oppenheimer

Claim for restitution to Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage in Rijswijk (‘ICN’).

The Dutch Restitution Committee issued its recommendation

(1.67) on 4 February 2008, to return the painting Portrait of a man by P. Bordone (NK 1771) and the painting Merry company at a table by H.G. Pot (NK 2244) to the heirs of Rosa and Jakob Oppenheimer. [154]

H.G. Pot, Merry company at a table (NK 2244)Jacob and Rosa Oppenheimer

Claim for restitution to Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage in Rijswijk (‘ICN’).

The Dutch Restitution Committee issued its recommendation

(1.67) on 4 February 2008, to return the painting Portrait of a man by P. Bordone (NK 1771) and the painting Merry company at a table by H.G. Pot (NK 2244) to the heirs of Rosa and Jakob Oppenheimer. [154]

numerous artworks by different artists Friedrich Gutmann Claim for restitution to Dutch authoritiesIn 1942, Gutmann was forced to sell his collection and was murdered by the Nazis. After the war, the collection was returned to the Dutch government which refused to restitute it to the Gutmann family, compelling the sons to file a lawsuit. In 1952, the courts ruled that the collection would be returned to the Gutmann family "on condition that they pay the Dutch authorities the amount of money their father had received from the Germans for the works". In 2002, the Dutch commission relented, and returned the artworks to the family without obliging them to pay. [155]
The Marriage Feast at Cana by Johann Georg Platzer (NK 2216) Alfred and Fanny Mautner

Claim for restitution to Netherlands Art Property Collection (Dutch state

On 25 November 2020, the Dutch Restitutions Committee advised the Minister of Education, Culture and Science to restitute the painting NK 2216 The Marriage Feast at Cana by J.G. Platzer to the heirs of Alfred George Mautner (1887-1958) and Franziska Mautner (1909-2003). [156]
numerous artworks including by Jacob van Geel, George Hendrik Breitner, Jan Toorop, Dirck van Delen, Max Liebermann Numerous claimants

Claim for restitution to The Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum

Boijmans restitution page lists ongoing and resolved investigation.
Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp - Herderin met kind in een landschap - DM-002-799 - Dordrechts Museum Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp - Herderin met kind in een landschap - DM-002-799 - Dordrechts Museum.jpg
Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp - Herderin met kind in een landschap - DM-002-799 - Dordrechts Museum
"Shepherdess with Child in Landscape," by Jacob Gerritsz, Jacques Hedeman [157]

Claim for restitution to Dordrechts Museum [158]

"After the case received extensive publicity, the museum and Hedeman's heirs reached an 'agreement' by which the painting would remain in the museum and the latter would pay an undisclosed amount to the heirs." [155]
"Portrait of a Man," by H.W. WieringaClaim for restitution to Robert May (1873-1962)"Portrait of a Man," by H.W. Wieringa. In 2008, restitution claim refused by Dutch authorities. [155]
six paintings, including a RembrandtCatalina von Pannwitz-Roth (1876-1959) a German-born Jew of Argentine descent,

Claim for restitution to Dutch authorities

The six paintings were sold in exchange for an exit visa. Status unresolved [155]
hundreds of artworks by different artistsJacques Goudstikker

Claim for restitution to Dutch authorities

In 2006, 202 artworks were returned to the Goudstikker family (out of 1250 pieces that were plundered). [155] [159] The New York Times reported that the restitution "raised hackles from some in the government." [160]

Spain

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Camille Pissarro - Rue Saint-Honore, dans l'apres-midi. Effet de pluie.jpg
Camille Pissarro

Rue Saint-Honoré, après midi, effet de pluie

oil painting, 1897
Collection Lily Cassirer

Request for restitution to Thyssen Bornemisza Museum
Long court battle. Not restituted [161] [162]
André Masson

Métamorphose

oil painting, 1930
Collection Pierre David Weill

Restitution request to the National Museum Centro de Arte reine Sophie à Madrid
The painting had been sold several times; in 1995 it was bought by the National Museum. An amicable agreement was reached.
15th-century paintings ‘Mater Dolorosa’ and ‘Ecce Homo’ attributed to the school of the Dutch painter Dieric Bouts.Czartoryski collection in Gołuchów

Museum of Pontevedra

Spain's Museum of Pontevedra returned the two paintings to Polish authorities in January 2023. [163]

United States

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Piet Mondrian Composition with Blue Mondrian - Composition with Blue, 1926.jpg
Piet Mondrian Composition with Blue
Piet Mondrian

Composition with Blue [164]

heirs of Piet Mondrian

restitution claim to the Philadelphia Museum of Art [165]

Restitution claim filed in claim, filed in the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas in December 2021.

Philadelphia Museum of Art fighting claim with technical defenses.

Shepherd Bringing in Sheep by Camille Pissarro Bergere rentrant des moutons.jpg
Shepherd Bringing in Sheep by Camille Pissarro
Camille Pissarro

Shepherdess Bringing in Sheep

Léone-Noëlle Meyer (daughter of

Raoul Meyer) Claim for restitution of Pissarro

to the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of the University of Oklahoma [166]

After long court battle between Meyer and the Fred Jones Jr. Museum, [167] [168] and a 2016 settlement that recognized Meyer's ownership while imposing an obligation to move the painting between Paris and Oklahoma every three years, Meyer asked a French court to break the agreement as unworkable after the Orsay museum objected to "the cost of transporting the work between countries and the physical effect that would have on the fragile painting". [169] The Fred Jones Jr. Museum sued Meyer demanding that she pay a $3.5 million fine. [170] Meyer abandoned her effort to recover her father's Pissarro, saying, "I have no other choice" [171]
Haystacks near a Farm Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh - Haystacks near a Farm (Q108927152).jpg
Haystacks near a Farm Vincent van Gogh
Meules de blé (Wheatstacks) (1888) by Vincent van Gogh [172] Max Meirowsky [173]

claim to Edwin Cox, a Texas collector [174] [175]

In November 2021, Meules de blé (1888), was sold at Christie's for $35 million after a three party restitution agreement involving the heirs of Max Meirowsky, Alexandrine de Rothschild, and representatives for Cox's estate which had purchased the painting from Wildenstein. [176] [177]
Taunus Road by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 1916 Taunus Road by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 1916.jpg
Taunus Road by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 1916
Taunus Road by Ernst Kirchner (1916)heirs of Dr. Max Fischer [178]

claim to a private collector

Restituted in 2020. [179]
Lucas Cranach the Elder, The Resurrection, 1530. Margarete Eisenmann [180] claim to

Eugene Thaw

In 1949, the looted Cranach resurfaced at Sotheby's consigned by Hans W. Lange, whose auction house was known for forced sales of Jewish-owned property. It passed through Hugo Perls and Knoedler gallery before Eugene Thaw bought it around 1968. In April 2021 the Cranach was sold at auction following a settlement between the Eisenmann and Thaw heirs [181]
Landscape With Smokestacks by Degas Friedrich and Louise Gutmann family

claim to Daniel C. Searle

After insisting that the painting had never belonged to Gutmann, then that Gutmann sold it voluntarily, Searle ceded to public criticism [182] and reached a settlement with the Gutmann family in 1998. [183]
Lucas Cranach the Elder :

Adam and Eve pair of paintings, oil on panel, around 1530

Jacques Goudstikker Collection

Claim for restitution to the Norton Simon Museum [184]

The pair of paintings was auctioned off in 1931 at the Rudolph Lepke auction house as part of the Stroganoff collection and acquired by Goudstikker; after 1945 restituted by the Dutch government to George Stroganoff, who sold it to Spencer Samuels, who sold it to Norton Winfred Simon. [185]

Court battle [186]
Egon Schiele

Portrait of the Artist's Wife (1917)

Heirs of Karl Maylaender

claim to Foundation of Robert “Robin” Owen Lehman [187]

Claims from two families of Holocaust victims, Maylaender and Heinrich Rieger against Lehman in 2019 for the Schiele acquired in 1964 from Marlborough Gallery in London. [188] [189]
Vincent Van Gogh

La cueillette des olives (The Olive Picking, 1889)

Heirs of Hedwig Stern

lawsuit filed against the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and Basil & Elise Goulandris Foundation in Athens, Greece [190]

Lawsuit filed in December 2022 alleges that the provenance published for Van Gogh's La cueillette des olives (The Olive Picking, 1889) omitted Hedwig Stern and that "the Met acquired it in 1956 and then 'secretly sold' it in 1972 to avoid facing restitution claims. [190]
Sunflowers (Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers) by Vincent van Gogh Van Gogh Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers.jpg
Sunflowers (Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers) by Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Van Gogh

Sunflowers

Heirs of

Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, lawsuit filed against Sompo Holdings, a Japan-based insurance holding company [191]

On 13 December 2022, the descendant of Mendelssohn-Bartholdy filed a lawsuit in federal court in Chicago against Sompo Holdings, the successor firm to Yasuda Fire & Marine which had purchased the painting for $39.9m (including fees) in 1987, alleging that the firm had been "recklessly indifferent" to the painting's past. [191]
Salomon van Ruysdael - View of Beverwijk - 1982.396 - Museum of Fine Arts, restituted to heirs of Ferenc Chorin in 2021 Salomon van Ruysdael - View of Beverwijk - 1982.396 - Museum of Fine Arts.jpg
Salomon van Ruysdael - View of Beverwijk - 1982.396 - Museum of Fine Arts, restituted to heirs of Ferenc Chorin in 2021
"View of Beverwijk" by

Salomon van Ruysdael

Heirs of Ferenc Chorin

to Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Looted in 1945, the painting was sold in 1982 by London art dealer Edward Speelman to the MFA, Boston. The provenance was false. Deaccessioned on 7 October 2021 for restitution to the heirs of Ferenc Chorin. [192] [193]
"Adoration of the Magi", by Corrado Giaquinto.Heirs of Federico Gentili Di Giuseppe

Request for restitution to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA)

In 2000, Gentili di Giuseppe's heirs contacted the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston concerning the restitution of the painting "Adoration of the Magi", by Corrado Giaquinto. The MFA had purchased the painting from Thomas Agnew & Sons, Ltd, which had acquired it at Christie's. A settlement involving a "part purchase-part donation agreement" was reached in October 2000. [194] [195]
buste de Francesco Mochi

("Buste d’un jeune garçon")

Heirs of Federico Gentili Di Giuseppe

Request for restitution to the Art Institute of Chicago (AIC)

Settlement reached in 2000 between the heirs and the Art Institute of Chicago, which had purchased the bust from London art dealer Anthony Roth in 1989. [196]
Henri Matisse :

Odalisque oil on canvas, 1928

Paul Rosenberg Collection

Claim to the Seattle Art Museum

Restitution in October 2000 after reviewing and recommending the Holocaust Art Restitution Project (HARFE) in Washington.
Claude Monet :

Champs de Blé à Vétheuil Oil on canvas, 1879

Collection Gerda Dorothea de Weerth

Claim for restitution to Edith Marks Baldinger; Private lawsuit in the New York District Court

Long court battle [197] [198]
Amedeo Modigliani:

Seated Man with Cane (L'homme assis)

Oscar Stettinger [199] [200] [201]

David Nahmad and International Art Center [200]

Court battle Int'l Art Ctr. v. Estate of Stettiner [202]
Jan Mostaert :

Portrait of a businessman oil on canvas, around 1520

Czartoryski collection

claim to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA).

The painting and the entire collection of the Czartoryski family in Warsaw were confiscated in 1942, brought to Austria and probably stolen there by American military personnel after the end of the war. In 1949 it came into the possession of the VMFA.

The VMFA started an inventory review in 1998 and identified the painting as looted art. It was returned to the Czartorsky Foundation in Warsaw in 2004.
eight illuminated manuscriptsAlphonse Kann [203]

Wildenstein [204]

Court battle Warin v Wildenstein & Co., Inc. [205]
Pablo Picasso

Boy Leading a Horse oil on canvas, 1905 to 1906

Belonged to art dealer Ambroise Vollard. Acquired by Gertrude Stein and Leo Stein, around 1907 to 1913. Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy acquired in 1934 or 1935. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy sold before his death to the Jewish art gallery of Justin Thannhauser. Thannhauser fled Germany and spent most of war living in Switzerland. He then sold painting to former chairman of the Museum of Modern Art William S. Paley in 1936. Paley gifted to the Museum of Modern Art in 1964. [206] Julius Schoeps, Director of the Moses Mendelssohn Center for European-Jewish Studies at the University of Potsdam, as speaker for Mendelssohn-Bartholdy family, sued Museum of Modern Art in 2007 for the painting. Jed S. Rakoff ruled that Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy had been forced to sell the painting by the Nazi Party. The dispute was settled out of court in February 2009, with the museum retaining the work. [206] [207]
Pablo Picasso :

The Actor (painting) oil on canvas, 1904 to 1905

1912 owned by Paul Leffmann, a German Jewish businessman forced to flee the Nazis in 1938. Sold under duress to a Paris dealer according to court papers to fund escape from the Nazis. [208] [209] Eventually purchased in 1941 by Thelma Chrysler Foy from Knoedler gallery in New York. [208] [210] She donated it to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, in 1952, where it has since been displayed. [208] [210] In 2016, heir of Leffmann sued Metropolitan Museum of Art in U.S. federal court, seeking return of the painting on the ground that Leffman had sold it under duress. [208] In 2018, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ruled in favor of the Met, ruling that the plaintiff could not show, under New York law, that the painting was sold under duress. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the dismissal on the ground that the claim was raised too late (72 years after the work was sold and 58 years after it was donated to the art museum). [209]
Pablo Picasso :

Femme en blanc oil on canvas, 1922

Carlotta Landsberg Collection

Claim against Marilynn Alsdorf

Restituted in August 2005 through financial compensation. [211]
Pablo Picasso :

The Absinthe Drinker (Portrait de Angel Fernándo de Soto) ) Oil on canvas, 1903

Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy Collection

Claim to the Andrew Lloyd Webber Art Foundation [212]

Court battle, followed by settlement. [213]
Pablo Picasso :

Head of a Woman ( Tête de femme ) pastel, 1903

Collection Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy

Claim to the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC

The picture was returned to the heirs in 2020. [214]
Pablo Picasso

Still Life with a Portrait

1906 oil on canvas

Belonged to Dr Meyer-Udewald, murdered (Auschwitz ) in the Holocaust [215] Her premature death activated the terms of the 1925 Will of Ernst Schlesinger.

Restitution claim to the Phillips Collection

Settlement, with secret terms. [216]

Still Life with a Portrait was sold at Christies after the settlement [217]

Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (attributed):

The Liberation of Saint Peter from Prison Drawing,

Arthur Feldmann Collection

Claim to a private owner

Restituted on 30 November 2004 [218]
Interior of a Church, School of 16th-century Flemish artist Pieter Neeffs the ElderArthur Feldmann

Claim for restitution to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York

Restituted 2007 [219]

Interior of a Church, that has been attributed to the School of 16th-century Flemish artist Pieter Neeffs the Elder, to the heirs of its original owner, Dr. Arthur Feldmann. The drawing, looted by the Nazis in 1939,will be returned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art to Uri Peled, grandson of Dr. Feldmann.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir :

Le Poirier

Oil on canvas,

Fritz Gutmann

Claim to the Parke-Bernet auction house, New York The painting was confiscated in France during World War II; In 1969 it was auctioned in New York; its whereabouts are unknown.

No returns, the auction house (now Sotheby's) did not disclose the name of the buyer. [220]
Pierre-Auguste Renoir :

Paysage pres de Cagnes

Oil on canvas,

Richard Semmel

Claims for restitution to the heirs of Newton Korhumel [221]

Before the painting was auctioned at Christie's auction house, Richard Semmel's heirs and the owners agreed on a compensation payment. [222]
Peter Paul Rubens :

Allegory of Eternity Oil on canvas, around 1625

Rosa and Jacob Oppenheimer

Claim to the San Diego Museum of Art [223]

In May 2004 the heirs and the museum came to an agreement, the painting remained in the museum after a compensation payment.
Egon Schiele :

Dead City III

Oil on canvas, 1911

Fritz Grünbaum Collection

Claim against the Leopold Foundation in Vienna. [224]

The painting was confiscated at a retrospective exhibition in New York in 1998, but was returned to the Leopold Foundation in Vienna in the same year after a court order.
Egon Schiele :

Portrait of Walburga Neuzil (Wally) Oil on wood, 1912

Collection Lea Bondi-Jaray

Claim against the Leopold Foundation in Vienna.

The painting was confiscated from a retrospective exhibition in New York in 1998. [225] After twelve years of negotiations, the painting was returned to the Leopold Foundation in July 2010, which pays compensation of 19 million dollars to the heirs.
Madonna and Child Enthroned with SaintsNicholas of Tolentino and SebastianJacques Goudstikker collection

Restitution claim to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

VMFA Board of Trustees voted to restitute [226]
Egon Schiele

"Woman Hiding Her Face" (1912) and "Woman in a Black Pinafore" (1911),

Fritz Grunbaum

Restitution claim to art dealer Richard Nagy

Legal battle resulting in a court ruling to restitute to the Grunbaum heirs [227]
"The Rape of Tamar," circa 1640, attributed to Eustache Le Sueur. Siegfried Aram [228]

Restitution request to the Metropolitan Museum of Art

After refusing to restitute to Aram who died in 1978, the Metropolitan modified the provenance which had omitted Siegried Aram's previous ownership to mention him in 2020. [229]
Portrait of a Man and Woman in an Interior (1665–67) by Dutch artist Eglon van der Neer (1634–1703) Walter Westfeld (murdered in Auschwitz)

restitution request to the Boston Museum of Fine Art [230]

Settlement in 2011 [231]
François Boucher

Les Amoureux Jeunes

oil painting, XVIIIe siècle
André Jean Seligmann /

Claim to the Utah Museum of Fine Arts [232]
Restituted in April 2004. [233]
El-greco-berg-sinai.jpg
El Greco

Le Mont Sinaï

oil painting, vers 1600
Collection Ferenc Hatvany (François de Hatvany) [234]

Claim for restitution to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Museum of Heraklion (Greece). Le tableau avait été mis en sécurité lors de l'entrée des troupes allemandes à Budapest en 1944 ; on ne sait pas comment il a refait surface dans le marché de l'art en 1945.
The claim for restitution was rejected. [235]
Marc Chagall

L'Échelle de Jacob

Peinture vers 1930
Erna Menzel

The painting was looted in 1941 by the 'ERR in Bruxelles. After the war it turned up in a private collection in the United States. In 1966, Erna Menzel learned of its location and demanded restitution. [236]

Court battle was decided by the New York Supreme Court on 22 October 1966. Restituted. Menzil V. List was the first restitution case in the United States. [237]
Gustav-Courbet-Grand-Pont.jpg
Gustave Courbet

Le Grand Pont

oil painting, 1864
Josephine Weinmann Collection

Claim for restitution to Yale [238] [239]
Restituted on 23 October 2001 [240]
Corneille de Lyon (studio) - Jean d'Albon de Saint-Andre - formerly Chicago Art Institute.jpg
Corneille de Lyon

Portrait de Jean d'Albon

oil painting, XVIe siècle
Julius Priester Collection

The painting was seized by the Gestapo in 1938 in Vienna and then turned up in the US at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. [241]
Restitution in May 2004. [242]
Lucas Cranach d.A. - Adam und Eva (Gemaldepaar), Norton Simon Museum.jpg
Lucas Cranach l'Ancien

Adam et Ève

oil painting vers 1530
Jacques Goudstikker [243]

Claim for restitution to Norton Simon Museum [244]

Marei von Saher-Langenbein request for restitution was rejected by the court in 2012. [245]
Henri Matisse

Ruisseau dans les Alpes

oil painting, 1907
Alphonse Kann Collection [246]

Claim for restitution to the Menil Collection in Houston (Texas)
Settlement resulting in financial compensation of the heirs in exchange for the artwork remaining in the museums on 22 January 2002 [247]
Paul Gauguin - Rue de Tahiti (1891) Paul Gauguin - Rue de Tahiti (1891).jpg
Paul Gauguin - Rue de Tahiti (1891)
Paul Gauguin

Street Scene in Tahiti (1891)

heirs of Hugo and Martha Nathan (Ullin)

claim to Toledo Museum of Art

The Toledo Museum sued the heirs for quiet title. [248] [249]
The Diggers by Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh - De Gravers (1889).jpg
The Diggers by Vincent van Gogh
The Diggers 1889

by Vincent van Gogh

heirs of Hugo and Martha Nathan (Ullin)

claim to

Detroit Institute of Art (DIA)

The Detroit Museum of Art rejected the claim arguing that Michigan's three-year statute of limitations precluded the court or a jury from deciding the merits of the case. [250] [251]

DIA then initiated a successful Declaratory Judgment Action, Detroit Institute of Arts v. Ullin

Self Portrait with Model by George GroszGrosz Heirs v. Museum of Modern Art [252] Case against the MoMa was dismissed due to statute of limitations. [253]
Degas painting "Danseuses"Est. of Kainer v. UBS AG, No. 76, 2021 WL 5927040 (N.Y. 16 Dec. 2021). [254] The Court of Appeals affirmed dismissal citing the doctrine of forum non conveniens [255]
Seine at Asnières by Claude MonetMme F. Helphen

Detroit Institute of Art

The DIA purchased the Monet through Fine Arts Associates (Otto Gerson) in 1948. After it was discovered to have been looted it was returned to Mme F. Helphen. [256]
Van Gogh's View of the Hospice and the Chapel of Saint-Remy Margarete Mauthner

claim against

Elizabeth Taylor [257]

Claim dismissed due on statute of limitations grounds. Taylor then sold the painting at Christies. [258]

France

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Georges Braque

L'Homme à la guitare

oil painting, 1911–1912
Alphonse Kann Collection

Claim for restitution to Centre Pompidou [259]
The Pompidou Center's Musée national d'art moderne (Mnam) had purchased the Braque from Heinz Berggruen in 1981. After investigation of the Kann claim, and intervention by a judge, a settlement agreement was reached between the French state and the Kann heirs in 2005. [260] [261] [262]
Georges Braque

Table avec blague à tabac

oil painting, 1930
Paul Rosenberg Collection

Claim for restitution to Madame de Chambrun [263]
Restituted to the heirs.
Canaletto-Eglise-de-la-Salute-depuis-le-Grand-Canal.jpg
Bernardo Bellotto dit Canaletto

Vue de l'église de la Salute depuis l'entrée du Grand Canal

oil painting, vers 1730
Bernhard Altmann Collection

Claim for restitution to Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg [264]
The City of Strasbourg paid 2.5 million euros (0.5 of which came from sponsorship) to the Altmann heirs. [265]
Marc Chagall

Le Père, Oil Painting, 1911

Heirs of David Cender. [266]

Claim of Restitution made to Paris Museum for the Art and History of Judaism. [267]

David Cender survived the war and in 1958, in France, he submitted a request for war loss compensation from the government of West Germany, but was unsuccessful. [268] [269] Sometime between the late 1940s and early 1950s, Chagall himself reacquired the artwork, presumably without knowing its provenance, [270] and in 1988 Le Père was donated by Chagall's heirs to the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris, which then transferred it to the Paris Museum for the Art and History of Judaism. [271]

In 2015 Mondex Corporation began researching the painting and in 2020 submitted a restitution claim, which the museum accepted. [272] In order to complete the restitution, though, Mondex continued advocating on behalf of Cender's heirs for the creation of a legal exception to France's standard practice of not deaccessioning artworks in state museums. [273] This exception came to be when the Assemblée Nationale passed a bill pertaining to the restitution of Le Père and fourteen other artworks, on February 21, 2022. [274] [275]

Albert Gleizes

Paysage

oil painting, 1911

MNR R 1 P [276]
Collection Alphonse Kann /

Claim for restitution to musée national d'art moderne, Centre Pompidou [277]
Restituted in July 1997.
Francois Marius Granet - La Mort de Poussin.jpg
François Marius Granet

La Mort de Nicolas Poussin en 1665

dessin, 1833

MNR REC 97
Collection Alphonse Kann

Claim for restitution to the Louvre [278]
Restituted on 16 March 1998.
Frans-hals-tegularius.jpg
Frans Hals

Portrait du pasteur Adrianus Tegularius

oil painting, vers 1650
Adolphe Schloss Collection

Claim for restitution to Adam Williams, Newhouse Galleries [279]

Restituted in July 2001.
Preparatory design - Klimt - Stoclet Palace.jpg
Gustav Klimt

Die Erfüllung

Gouache, Werkvorlage zum Stoclet-Fries, 1905–1909
Collection Karl Grünwald

Restitution request to Musée d'Art Moderne de Strasbourg [280]
Restitution ordered by court after legal battle 11 January 1999. [281]
Fernand Léger

La Femme en rouge et vert

oil painting, 1914

MNR R 2 P
Collection Leonce Rosenberg

Restitution request to musée national d'art moderne, Centre Pompidou
Restituted to the heirs in February 1999. [282]
Gustav Klimt

Rosiers sous les arbres

Nora Stiasny (1898-1942)

Restitution request to the Orsay Museum in France

The launch of the restitution process was announced by France's culture minister Roselyne Bachelot in March 2021. [283]
Lhermitte-Les Glaneuses-1898.jpg
Léon Lhermitte

Les Glaneuses

pastel, 1892

MNR REC 163
Collection Levi de Benzion

conservée en République fédérale d'Allemagne jusqu'en 1989, remis à l'Etat français en 1994, puis par l'Etat français aux ayants droit Lévi de Benzion
Restituted on 6 November 1996.
Henri Matisse

Mur rose

oil painting, 1898

MNR R 5 P
Collection Harry Fuld

Restitution request to French government
Restituted to the heirs on 27 November.
Monet - Nenufares.jpg
Claude Monet

Nymphéas (1904)

oil painting, 1904

MNR 214
Collection Paul Rosenberg

Restitution request to Collection nationale
Restituted to the heirs on 29 April 1999.
Pablo Picasso

Tête de femme

oil painting, 1921

MNR R 16 P
Collection Alphonse Kann

Restitution request to musée national d'art moderne (Centre Pompidou)
Restitution in 2003 ordered by court decision. [284]
Schiele-herbstsonne.jpg
Egon Schiele

Soleil d'automne II Sonnenblumen or

Wilted Sunflowers (Autumn Sun II)

oil painting,

Collection Fritz Grünwald [285]

Restitution request to a private collector
Restituted to the heirs. [286] [287]
Strozzi-holy-family.jpeg
Bernardo Strozzi

La Sainte Famille avec Jean-Baptiste

oil painting, vers 1630

MNR 290
Collection Frederico Gentili di Giuseppe

Restitution request to the Louvre
Restituted to the heirs by judicial decision in December 1999. [288]
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo 002.jpg
Giambattista Tiepolo

Alexandre le Grand et Campaspe dans l'atelier d'Appele

oil painting, vers 1725-1726

MNR 305
Alessandro Magnasco

Joueurs de cartes devant une cheminée

oil painting, vers 1700

MNR 798
Moretto da Brescia (Alessandro Bonvicino)

Visitation de Marie

oil painting, XVIe siècle

MNR 277
Rosalba Carriera

Portait de femmes

pastel, XVIIIe siècle

MNR REC 73
D'après Antoine Watteau

Concert dans un parc

oil painting, XVIIIe siècle

MNR 890
Edgar Stern.

Restitution request to French State for paintings that were in the MNR collection (looted by Nazis and repatriated to France) [289]

Restituted in October 2020 to the heirs of Marguerite Stern [290]
Cornelis Beelt

Intérieur d'écurie

huile sur bois, XVIIe siècle

MNR 923
Mathys Schoevaerdts

Place avec église, obélisque et passants

oil painting, XVIIe siècle

MNR 925
Anonyme

Scène dans un parc

gouache, XVIIIe siècle

MNR REC 146
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (manière de)

Scène galante,

aquarelle, XVIIIe siècle

MNR REC 147
Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps,

Deux singes au piano,

aquarelle, XIXe siècle

MNR REC 149
Ernest Meissonier

Joueurs d'échecs

dessin, XIXe siècle

MNR REC 150
André Derain,

La Chapelle-sous-Crécy,

oil painting, vers 1910
René Gimpel.Restituted to the heirs of Gimpel in 2020. [291]
André Derain,

Pinède, Cassis,

oil painting, 1907
André Derain,

Vue de Cassis,

oil painting, 1907
Pissarro - La cueillette des pois.jpg
Camille Pissarro,

La Cueillette des pois,

gouache, 1887
Simon Bauer

Restitution request to Brune and Robbie Toll who purchased the painting at Christie's in 1995. [292]

Restituted after court battle to Simon Bauer's grandson Jean-Jacques [293]

Great Britain

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Nicolò dell'Abbate

Sainte Famille

oil painting, XVIe siècle
Arthur Feldmann

Restitution request to British Museum
April 2006, financial settlement with art remaining in museum.
Cupido beklagt sich bei venus.jpg
Lucas Cranach l'Ancien

Vénus et l'Amour voleur de miel

oil painting vers 1525
Collection Emil Goldschmidt (jusqu'à 1909)

National Gallery of London
Albert Cuyp

Portrait d'un gentleman, Jacob Gerritsz

oil painting, 1631
Collection Jacques Goudstikker

Restitution request to Sotheby's
The painting was restituted on 30 October 2003.
Thomas de Keyser

Résurrection du Christ

oil painting, XVIIe siècle
Collection Jacques Goudstikker

Restitution request to Rafael Valls Gallery of London
Financial compensation was agreed on 29 June 2006.
Gerrit Lundens

Chasseur courtisant une trayeuse

oil painting, XVIIe siècle
Collection Jacques Goudstikker

Restitution request to Christie's, London
Financial compensation was agreed on 3 July 2006.
Frans van Mier l'Ancien

A dog lying down

oil painting, XVIIe siècle
Collection Arthur Feldmann

Restitution request to this painting and two others at the Courtauld Institute in London
In January 2007, the heirs and the Institute reached an agreement: two paintings were returned and the third remained in the museum.
View of Hampton Court Palace (1710), by Jan Griffier the ElderThe painting was owned by a Jewish banker from Düsseldorf who was killed by the Nazis in the late 1930s. His children, who made the claim, were sent to Britain, where their mother joined them after spending time in a concentration camp. [294]

The Tate

"The Government has agreed to pay the £125,000 based on the recommendations of a panel that was established to help resolve claims from people who lost cultural objects during the Nazi era that are held by British collections." [294]
Monet claude-au parc monceau.jpg
Claude Monet

Au Parc Monceau

oil painting, 1878
Collection Ludwig Kainer

Restitution request to Sotheby's

At the auction, it was established that the painting had been stolen.
An agreement has been reached between the sellers and the heirs of the Kainer collection.

Hungary

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Lucas Cranach d. A. - The Annunciation to Joachim - WGA05664.jpg
Lucas Cranach l'Ancien

L'Annonciation à Joachim

oil painting, 1518
Collection Mór Lipót Herzog

Claim for restutution to the Hungarian National collection [295]
In July 2010, the heirs filed a lawsuit against the Republic of Hungary with the Washington District Court for the return of this and 39 other paintings. [296]
Francisco de Zurbaran 033.jpg
Francisco de Zurbarán

Saint André

oil painting, vers 1630–1632
Gustave Courbet 007.jpg
Gustave Courbet

Le Château de Blonay (neige)

oil painting vers 1875
El Greco 013.jpg
El Greco:

L'Agonie dans le jardin (Christ au Mont des oliviers)

oil painting, vers 1610
Munkacsy Poros ut.jpg
Mihály Munkácsy

Dusty Road (Poros út)

oil painting, 1874
Collection Jenô Vida

Restitution request toSzépmûvészeti Múzevers de Budapest
Restituted on 26 November 2002.
Mihály Munkácsy

Deux familles

oil painting, 1877
Munkacsy Gyermeklatogatok.jpg
Mihály Munkácsy

Les Visiteurs du bébé

oil painting, 1879
Munkacsy jesus.jpg
Mihály Munkácsy

Le Christ devant Pilate

oil painting, étude, 1880

Ireland

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
The Campion Hall Triptych Fritz Mannheimer John Hunt collection, Hunt Museum Limerick Restituted to the Mannheimer heirs [297]

Israel

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Edgar Degas

Quatre danseuses nues en repos

charcoal drawing, 1898
Collection Goudstikker

Restitution request to the Israel Museum in Jérusalem
Restituted to the heirs in March 2005 then left on deposit at the museum.
Paul Klee

Danse du voile

drawing
Harry Fuld

Restitution request to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem

The drawing arrived in the museum in 1950
Restituted to the heirs.
Camille Pissarro - Boulevard Montmartre, printemps - Israel-Museum.jpg
Camille Pissarro

Boulevard Montmartre, printemps

oil painting, 1897
Max Silberberg [298]

Restitution request to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem [299]
Restituted to the heirs in February 2002 [300]

Italy

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Jacopo del Sellaio

Madonna and Child with the Young St John and Two Angels

(1480–85)

Gustav Arens, Ann and her husband Friedrich Unger [301]

Restitution claim to the Cerruti Foundation of Turin

A financial settlement in 2020 [302]
Botticelli-portrait-young-man-red-cap.jpeg
Sandro Botticelli

Portrait d'un jeune homme à la casquette rouge

oil painting, 1484
Collection Fritz Gutmann

Restitution request to an anonymous Italian citizen
Restituted in March 1997 to the heirs of Fritz Gutmann.
Romanino, cristo portacroce.jpg
Romanino

Le Christ portant sa croix,

oil painting, vers

1542-1543
Collection Federico Gentile di Giuseppe

Restitution request to Mary Brogan Museum of Art & Science of Tallahassee in Florida.
Restituted to the heirs de Federico Gentile di Giuseppe 18 April 2012 by order of a federal court [303]

Japan

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Paul Klee

Fliegenstadt

Aquarelle, 1921
Collection Lissitzky-Küppers

Restitution request to Kiyomizu Sannenzaka and the Kyoto Museum
Restituted to the heirs on 29 January 2001.
Sisley-le-loing.jpg
Alfred Sisley

Soleil de Printemps - Le Loing

oil painting, 1892
Collection Louis Hirsch

Restitution request to an unknown Japanese collector
Restituted on 24 March 2004.

Liechtenstein

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Wilhelm Leibl

Jeune fille devant une fenêtreDessin du XIXe siècle

Collection Max Silberberg

Restitution request to Fondation Ratjen de Vaduz
Restituted in 1999 via financial compensation

Czech Republic

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
František Kupka

Composition abstraite

oil painting, vers 1920
Jindrich Waldes

Restitution request to National Gallery Prague.
Restituted in 1996.
Otakar Nejedly

Paysage

oil painting, vers 1920
Collection Oskar Federer

Restitution request to East Bohemian Gallery of Fine Arts in Pardubice
Rembrandt-jude-in-pelzmuetze.jpg
Rembrandt (école)

Le Juif au bonnet de fourrure

oil painting, vers 1660
Adolphe Schloss

Restitution request to National Gallery Prague
Restituted on 25 June 2002
Paul Signac

Barque sur la Seine

oil painting, vers 1901
Emil Freund /

Restitution request to Jewish Museum of Prague.
Restitued December 2008.

Switzerland

IllustrationArtist and artworksFormer owner / Restitution RequestResult
Claude Monet - Champ de coquelicots pres de Vetheuil Claude Monet - Champ de coquelicots pres de Vetheuil.jpg
Claude Monet - Champ de coquelicots près de Vétheuil
Claude Monet

Poppy Field near Vétheuil

Max Emden [304]

Restitution request to Foundation E.G. Bührle Collection [305]

Juan Carlos Emden demanded for years that the Bühlre Foundation clarify the Nazi-era gaps in the provenance [306] The Foundation rejected Emden's claim. [307]
Pierre Bonnard

La Vénus de Cyrène

oil painting
Bernheim Jeune [308]

Restitution request to Kunstmuseum de Bâle
Settlement agreement 8 July 1998: [309] painting remains in museum
Ferdinand Hodler - Stockhornkette mit Thunersee Ferdinand Hodler - Stockhornkette mit Thunersee.jpg
Ferdinand Hodler - Stockhornkette mit Thunersee
Ferdinand Hodler

Thunersee mit Stockhornkette

Max Silberberg

Simon and Charlotte Frick Stiftung, St Gallen Museum [310]

In 2023 an agreement was reached between the heirs of Holocaust victim Max Silberberg and the Simon and Charlotte Frick Foundation in Switzerland. [311]
John Constable - Dedham from Langham John Constable - Dedham from Langham 2018 CKS 14772 0060 000.jpg
John Constable - Dedham from Langham
John Constable

Dedham from Langham

oil painting
John et Anna Jaffe [312]

Restitution request to musée des beaux-arts de La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland
Restituted in 2018 after a long battle [313]
Improvisation 10, Kandinsky Kandinsky, Improvisation 10, 1910.jpg
Improvisation 10, Kandinsky
Wassily Kandinsky

Improvisation Nr. 10

oil painting
Collection Sophie Lissitzky-Küppers [314] [315]

Restitution request to Fondation Beyeler
The painting was returned to the museum in return for financial compensation.
Hollandische Nahschule.jpg
Max Liebermann

École de couture à l'orphelinat d'Amsterdam

oil painting
Collection Max Silberberg [316]

Restitution request to Bündner Kunstmuseum de Chur
Restituted on 11 May 1999, now in the Von der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal
Young Woman in Oriental Garb (1871) - Edouard Manet (Kunsthaus Zurich).jpg
Édouard Manet

La Sultane

oil painting 1871
Collection Max Silberberg [317]

Restitution request to Fondation Collection E.G. Bührle of Zurich [318]
Bührle foundation refused restitution. [319] [320] [321]
Toulouse-lautrec das erste trikot.jpg
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Le Premier Tricot

oil painting,
Jakob Goldschmidt [322]

Restitution request to heirs of Jacques Koerfer
After 12 years of litigation, the Swiss federal tribunal ordered the restitution of this painting as well as Dans la loge also by Toulouse-Lautrec

Poland

Jan van Goyen's 1638 painting "Huts on a Canal,"Jacques Goudstikker

Request for information to the Gdansk Museum [323] [324]

Poland refuses restitution [324]
"A Boy, in Profile, Singing, in a Feigned Oval" by Pieter de Grebber Abe Gutnajer [325] Anonymous Latvian ownernegotiated deal between the current Latvian owner and Gutnajer's descendants in 2008 [325]
81 works seized in the Netherlands by the Nazis or their agents most likely ended up in occupied Poland the Origins Unknown Agency, a Dutch organization that investigates cases of looted art, was commissioned by the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, to investigate art looted from Dutch Jews that ended up in Poland [323]

Reports Austria (Provenance Research and Restitution in the Austrian Federal Collections

Annual Reports Dutch Restitution Committee

Recommendations Dutch Restitution Committee

Notes and references

  1. "Lost Art Internet Database - Jüdische Sammler und Kunsthändler (Opfer nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung und Enteignung) - Gentili di Giuseppe, Frederico". www.lostart.de. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  2. "Resolved Stolen Art Claims" (PDF). Herrick,Feinstein. 1 January 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  3. Cuthbertson, Debbie (29 May 2014). "NGV to return painting to heirs of owner threatened by Nazis". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  4. "Gallery under fire over Nazi loot". www.abc.net.au. 8 July 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  5. "Claim on gallery's 'Nazi-loot' art". www.lootedart.com. The Australian. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  6. "The stolen art that found its way home". The Independent. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  7. "The stolen art that found its way home". The Independent. 13 November 1999. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  8. Chechi, Alessandro (13 March 2014). The Settlement of International Cultural Heritage Disputes. OUP Oxford. p. 400. ISBN   978-0-19-100908-2 . Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  9. Hickley, Catherine (22 September 2023). "Croatian Museums Return Art Looted During Holocaust to Jewish Heir". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  10. "In apparent first, Croatia restores looted art to grandson of Holocaust victim". Times of Israel. The artworks returned include paintings by André Derain, "Still Life With a Bottle," and Maurice de Vlaminick's "Landscape by the Water," which were held by the National Museum of Modern Art, and lithographs from the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts by Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne and Pierre Bonnard.
  11. "National Museum of Modern Art – Nacionalni muzej moderne umjetnosti" . Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  12. "Blumengarten – Deutsch Heirs and Moderna Museet Stockholm — Centre du droit de l'art". plone.unige.ch. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  13. "Nazi Victim's Heirs Urge Sweden to Settle 7-Year Art Dispute". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  14. "Heirs of Otto Nathan Deutsch claim Nolde painting at Sweden's Moderna Museet - Commission for Art Recovery". commartrecovery.org. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  15. "Swedish museum settles dispute on Nazi-looted art". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  16. "New Restitution Claim Emerges in Sweden". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  17. "What the Nazis Stole from Richard Neumann (and the search to get it back)". arthistorynews.com.
  18. "Family given hope over art the Nazis stole". www.thejc.com. Retrieved 11 February 2024. The heirs of Jenny Steiner have been battling for years for the return of Häuser am Meer, by the 20th-century impressionist Egon Schiele. Estimated to be worth £10m, it was taken after Mrs Steiner and her family fled Vienna in 1938.
  19. "Vienna museum settles in looted painting case". Reuters. 14 June 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  20. "Restitutionsbericht Universalmuseum Joanneum" (PDF).
  21. "PROVENANCE RESEARCH AT THE LENTOS KUNSTMUSEUM LINZ Interim Report October 2019" (PDF). 2009 Gustav Klimt, Damenbildnis (Portrait Ria Munk III), 1917/18 Oil on canvas, 180.7 x 89.9 cm Restituted to the rightful heirs of Aranka Munk The portrait of the daughter of Viennese industrialists Alexander and Aranka Munk, Ria, who committed suicide at the age of 24 in 1911, was kept by her mother in the Munks' villa in Bad Aussee. In 1941, Aranka Munk was deported to Łódź, where she was subsequently murdered. After Aranka's deportation the portrait was unaccounted for. The circumstances under which it was acquired by Wolfgang Gurlitt, who sold it to the City of Linz in 1956, are likewise unclear. The City of Linz fully acknowledged that Aranka Munk was a victim of Nazi persecution and restituted the painting to her heirs in 2009.
  22. "Rückgabebeirat: "Vier Bäume" von Egon Schiele wird restituiert | kurier.at". 23 January 2021. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  23. ttrenkler (6 March 2020). "Rückgabebeirat: "Vier Bäume" von Egon Schiele wird restituiert". kurier.at (in German). Retrieved 17 November 2021.[ permanent dead link ]
  24. 1 2 3 4 "Linz restituiert Emil Noldes "Maiwiese" - Linz restitutes Emil Nolde's 'Meadow in May'". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  25. "Heirs to Auction Nazi-Looted Art from Albertina". Artnet News. 9 September 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2021. OTS reported in March that Adele Pächter, who was Jewish, was persecuted by the Nazis and was forced to dispose of her deceased husband's collection. Hermann Pächter had died in 1902. She was able to bring the collection to auction in 1940 via her son in law, under extreme pressure. In 1943, she was murdered at the Theresienstadt concentration camp.
  26. "Heirs to Auction Nazi-Looted Art from Albertina". Artnet News. 9 September 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2021. The artwork to be sold at Villa Grisebach is Adolph von Menzel's gouache on paper Stehende Rüstungen (1886). It is estimated to fetch €100,000–150,000 at the auction this fall. The piece had been on display in Vienna's Albertina museum until research conducted by the Austrian government's Art Restitution Advisory Board determined that Adele Pächter "was forced to sell works" during the time of National Socialism in Germany. Florian Illies, a partner at Villa Grisebach, revealed to the Art Newspaper that the research conducted by the Austrian Art Restitution board also discovered other works by von Menzel that the Pächter family had to sell during Nazi regime.
  27. "PROVENANCE RESEARCH AT THE LENTOS KUNSTMUSEUM LINZ Interim Report October 2019" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2021. 2015 Emil Nolde, Maienwiese (Maiwiese), 1915 Oil on canvas, 48 x 79 cm Restituted to the rightful heirs of Otto Siegfried Julius. Until September 1938, the painting was part of the collection of the Hamburg urologist Otto Siegfried Julius, who in 1938 fled from racist persecution first to Switzerland and then, in 1939, to the United States. Julius's Hamburg housekeeper tried to ship the priceless collection to Switzerland, but none of the works actually arrived in that country. In November 1953, the City of Linz acquired Emil Nolde's landscape Maienwiese from the Salzburg gallerist Friedrich Welz. How Welz came by the Nolde is unclear. On the recommendation of Austria's Art Restitution Board the City Council decided in favour of restitution in 2015.
  28. "PROVENANCE RESEARCH AT THE LENTOS KUNSTMUSEUM LINZ Interim Report 2019" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2021. 1999. Lesser Ury, Die Näherin, 1883. Oil on canvas, 52 x 42.5 cm. Restituted to the rightful heirs of Fritz Loewenthal. Loewenthal's father-in-law William Bennigson was compelled to leave this painting and many other works of art in Berlin prior to his deportation and entrusted them to Wolfgang Gurlitt. In the presence of a witness Gurlitt then gave an undertaking to either return these works of art or to make full payment for them. As early as July 1950, Fritz Loewenthal, who had emigrated to Israel, contacted Wolfgang Gurlitt asking him, among other things, about the whereabouts of the Lesser Ury painting. Gurlitt refused to return the painting. In 1999, the City of Linz formally acknowledged that the Loewenthals had been persecuted and that the sale of the painting had taken place under duress. The painting was restituted
  29. "PROVENANCE RESEARCH AT THE LENTOS KUNSTMUSEUM LINZ Interim Report October 2019" (PDF). Acquired from Wolfgang Gurlitt in 1953–56, all six Romakos were part until 1938/39 of the collection of Oskar Reichel, a medical doctor in Vienna. The fact that as a victim of racist persecution Reichel was forced to sell up under duress after the Anschluss only became known to the City of Linz in the course of systematic provenance research. The paintings were restituted to the Reichels' legal successor. Today they are on display at the LENTOS on permanent loan.
  30. "Austrian gallery ordered to return Nazi-stolen Romako works". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 11 February 2024. Vienna's Albertina art gallery was told Tuesday to return six works by Anton Romako to the descendants of Jewish art collector Oskar Reichel, whose collection was stolen by the Nazis.
  31. "In accordance with Section 3 of the Federal Law on the Restitution of Art Objects from Austrian Federal Museums and Collections (Art Restitution Act), Federal Law Gazette (BGBl. I) No. 181/1998 as amended by BGBl. I No. 117/2009, at its meeting on 2 March 2012, the Art Restitution Advisory Board unanimously adopted the following DECISION It is recommended to the Federal Minister of Education, Arts and Culture that the work listed in the Commission for Provenance Research dossier "Dr. Armin Reichmann" Anton Romako (1832–1889) Lying dog, Watercolour, 23.2 x 32 cm Albertina, Inv. No. 29226 should be transferred to the legal successors causa mortis of Dr. Armin Reichmann (1878 1942)" (PDF).
  32. "Decisions » PROVENANCE RESEARCH AND RESTITUTION IN THE AUSTRIAN FEDERAL COLLECTIONS". 16 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  33. "HITLER'S ART LOOT TO BE AUCTIONED; Bondy Collection, Recovered From Linz Museum, Will Be Offered Here on Thursday". The New York Times. 27 February 1949. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  34. Shapreau, Carla J. "Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation Report, 2014 The Vienna Archives: Musical Expropriations During the Nazi Era and 21st Century Ramifications" (PDF). Oscar Bondy was one of Vienna's most important art collectors and he also had a fine musical manuscript and instrument collection. After the Anschluss, the contents of Bondy's home was confiscated and the cultural items were divided up between several institutions.
  35. Austrian Restitution Advisory Committee (5 November 2021). "Oscar Bondy Austrian Restitution Advisory Committee 2021-11-05" (PDF). provenienzforschung.gv.at.
  36. "Decisions » Kommission für Provenienzforschung". 18 January 2021. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  37. Dobrzynski, Judith H. (23 September 1999). "U.S. Warrant Halts the Return of a Schiele to Austria". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  38. Bohlen, Celestine (27 April 2002). "Judge Revives Case Of Nazi-Looted Art". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 11 February 2024. In an opinion issued two weeks ago, Judge Michael B. Mukasey ruled that the painting, which had come to New York from a private Austrian museum, was stolen property and that a trial should be held to determine which of two competing claimants is the rightful owner.
  39. Kennedy, Randy (20 July 2010). "Leopold Museum to Pay $19 Million for Painting Seized by Nazis". ArtsBeat. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  40. "8. Beiratssitzung vom 27. Oktober 1999". provenienzforschung.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  41. "Kommission für Provenienzforschung - Ergebnisse | Restitutionsberichte". 11 February 2008. Archived from the original on 11 February 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  42. Blenkinsop, Philip (10 February 2022). "Belgium museum returns painting to Jewish family after 71 years". Reuters. Retrieved 14 February 2022. BRUSSELS, Feb 10 (Reuters) - Belgium's leading art museum has returned a painting it held for 71 years to the great-grandchildren of a Jewish couple whose property was looted by the Nazis after they fled on the eve of World War Two. The family's Berlin-based law firm approached the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels more than five years ago and on Thursday, after a briefing signing ceremony, workers took down the painting and wheeled it off to be packed. "Altogether the family is looking for 30 artworks," said lawyer Imke Gielen. "This is the first that has been really identified because unfortunately we have no images of the missing paintings."
  43. "Belgium returns painting looted by Nazis to Jewish family". The Brussels Times. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  44. Selvin, Claire (29 April 2021). "Düsseldorf Committee Votes to Return Franz Marc Painting to Former Owner's Heirs". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 14 February 2022. Kurt Grawi bought the painting in 1928. His businesses and properties were seized by the Nazi Party in 1935, and in 1938, he was imprisoned at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Germany for several weeks. He wrote in a 1939 letter that he would use the funds from the sale of the work to flee Germany, via Belgium, for Chile.
  45. "Stadt Düsseldorf gibt 14-Mio-Gemälde zurück an Erben". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  46. Greenberger, Alex (9 July 2021). "German City's Restitution of Franz Marc Painting Comes to a Standstill". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  47. "(#8) Wilhelm Leibl". Sothebys.com. Retrieved 11 February 2024. Provenance. Deutscher Kunst-Verein (1898). Oscar Rothschild (acquired in the. Deutscher Kunst-Verein tombola on 29 November 1898). Dr Alexander Lewin, Berlin and Guben (co-owner and director of the Berlin-Gubener Hutfabrik AG). Expropriated from the above under the National Socialist regime. Deutsches Reich for the planned Hitler museum in Linz (by 1938). Central Collecting Point, Munich (by 1945). Bundesrepublik Deutschland (on loan to the Kunsthalle Bremen since 1966). Restituted to the heirs of Alexander Lewin (2009)
  48. "Recommendation of the Advisory Commission for the Return of Cultural Property Seized as a Result of Nazi Persecution" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021. This case concerned the painting "Bauernmädchen ohne Hut mit weißem Halstuch" ('Peasant Girl without a Hat and with a White Headcloth') (1897) by Wilhelm Leibl. The Advisory Commission recommended that the German Federal Government return the piece to the heirs of Dr Alexander Lewin. The recommendation is based on the following facts: Dr Alexander Lewin (1879 – 1942) was the Chairman of the Board of Management at the hat manufacturer Berlin-Gubener Hutfabrik AG until 1938. His comprehensive art collection included Leibl's 'Peasant Girl'. In summer 1938, Dr Lewin emigrated to Switzerland as a result of persecution, having been identified as a so-called 'Jewish Mischling (half-breed) of the first degree'. At the beginning of September 1938, Dr Lewin left the Board of Management at Berlin-Gubener Hutfabrik AG and in early March 1939, he gave notification that he would not be returning to Germany, which led to him being denied access to his entire estate as a result of a so-called 'security order' issued on 10th March 1939. On 4th August 1941, the German Reichsminister of the Interior deprived Dr Lewin of his German citizenship. His property was seized from him. The painting 'Peasant Girl' had come into Dr Lewin's possession at 1930 at the latest. In May 1938, the commission agent Litthauer from Berlin tried to sell the piece to Galerie Heinemann in Munich at Lewin's request, but the gallery did not buy the painting. By spring 1939 at the latest, the painting ended up in the hands of the German Reich, namely in the "Fuehrerbau", Adolf Hitler's office building in Munich, where the artwork for the planned "Fuehrer Museum" for Hitler in Linz, Austria, was being gathered.
  49. "Lost Art Internet Database - Jüdische Sammler und Kunsthändler (Opfer nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung und Enteignung) - Feldmann, Dr. Arthur". www.lostart.de. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  50. "HCPO Gallery: Dr. Arthur Feldmann - biography". Department of Financial Services. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021. The Feldmann Collection included Old Master of the German, Italian, Dutch, Flemish, and French Schools from the 15th to the 18th Centuries. His collection was well known internationally throughout the art world. Drawings from his collection were published in the most important and renowned art periodicals and written about by important and renowned art historians both before and after the war. On the day the Nazis entered Brno, March 15, 1939, the Gestapo confiscated Dr. Feldmann's villa, which contained amongst other possessions his valuable collection of drawings. Dr. Feldmann and his wife had to flee the villa within a couple of hours of the occupation. Shortly afterwards, Feldmann was arrested by the Gestapo, imprisoned and tortured at the infamous Špilberk prison and consequently died of a heart attack in March 1941. He was 64 at the time of his death.
  51. "Restitution und Rückkauf der Zeichnung "Felsige Waldlandschaft mit weitem Ausblick" (um 1610/15) von Isaak Major" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 June 2016.
  52. "15 June 2016: Kunsthalle Bremen returns and repurchases Isaak Major drawing from the Arthur Feldmann collection". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  53. "SMB-digital | Selbstbildnis mit gelbem Hut". www.smb-digital.de. Retrieved 26 January 2022. Provenienz – 5.6.1887 bis 1907 Nachlaß Marées (von Adolf von Hildebrand in San Francesco di Paolo bei Florenz aufgefunden) – Sammlung Adolf von Hildebrand, München/Florenz – bis 1935 Sammlung Max Silberberg, Breslau – 23.3.1935 Kunstauktion Paul Graupe, Berlin – 1935 bis 1999 Nationalgalerie, Berlin (Kauf) – 1999 bis 2002 Greta Silberberg, Erbin von Max Silberberg, Leicester (England) (Restitution)
  54. Berman, Lazar. "Why is a German museum hanging a Nazi-looted painting backward?". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 February 2022. The Nazis pressured Silberberg to sell his impressive art collection– which included Monet, Renoir, Degas, and Van Gogh — at an auction in Berlin in 1934. He and his wife were sent to a concentration camp in 1941, and were ultimately murdered in Auschwitz.
  55. "From Delacroix to van Gogh - Max Silberberg's collection / Articles / Reading Room / Silesian Art Collections - Rariora Artis". 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  56. "Heirs of Jewish Art Collectors Pursue Works Sold in Nazi Era". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  57. "Bildnis Max John | Städtische Museen Freiburg". onlinesammlung.freiburg.de (in German). Retrieved 11 February 2024.
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  63. "Nazi looted art cases remain unsolved mysteries | DW | 20.06.2013". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2022. A prominent Oskar Kokoschka painting stolen by the Nazis is now to be returned to its rightful owners.
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  95. 1 2 "National Gallery of Art Returns World War II-Era Duress-Sale Drawing to Heirs". www.nga.gov. Retrieved 17 January 2022. The National Gallery of Art has returned a drawing in its collection, A Branch with Shriveled Leaves (1817) by 19th-century German artist Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, to the heirs of Dr. Marianne Schmidl (1890–1942). As a result of compelling new biographical information on Dr. Schmidl and documentation provided by her heirs, the Gallery has concluded the known 1939 sale of the drawing was a direct result of the persecution by the Nazis of Dr. Schmidl, the owner of the drawing
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  104. "German Lost Art Foundation - News - Oetker art collection restitutes Nazi-confiscated property". www.kulturgutverluste.de. Retrieved 3 April 2021. Leo Bendel, a Polish tobacco dealer, lived with his wife Else Bendel (née Golze) in Berlin and Vienna until he lost his job in 1935 due to his Jewish faith and shortly thereafter gave up his residence in Berlin. He sold the painting to Galerie Heinemann in Munich in 1937. In 1938, Leo Bendel gave up his Polish citizenship and he and his wife converted to Catholicism. Nevertheless, in September 1939 he was arrested by the Nazis in Vienna and deported to Buchenwald concentration camp, where he was murdered in March 1940. His non-Jewish wife survived.
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  124. "Paintings stolen by Nazis still hang in Canadian galleries. Paltry government funding is hampering efforts to identify and return them". www.lootedart.com. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2021. In the late 1990s, the National Gallery of Canada discovered that Édouard Vuillard's The Salon of Madame Aron (1904, reworked in 1934), which it had purchased in 1956, belonged to the Lindon family in France. The gallery contacted the descendant who, surprisingly, insisted that the artwork had never belonged to his family. The NGC maintained that the evidence was incontrovertible and encouraged the Lindon family to make a claim, which it finally did in 2003. The gallery returned the work in 2006.
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  150. 1 2 "Jan Josefsz. van Goyen (Leiden 1596-1656 The Hague)". www.christies.com. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
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  153. "Larsen | Restitutiecommissie". www.restitutiecommissie.nl. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021. The Restitutions Committee advises the Minister for Education, Culture and Science to grant the application for restitution by the applicants and to return the artworks NK 1410, NK 1412, NK 1414, NK 1417, NK 1420, NK 1424, NK 1428, NK 1441, NK 1447, NK 1451, NK 2243 and NK 2463 to the persons entitled to the said works. In addition, the Restitutions Committee advises the Minister for Education, Culture and Science to impose a payment obligation to the amount of EUR 325,000 in return for the restitution. Adopted at the meeting of 1 July 2009 by W.J.M. Davids (chair), J.Th.M. Bank, J.C.M. Leijten, P.J.N. van Os, E.J. van Straaten, H.M. Verrijn Stuart, I.C. van der Vlies (vice-chair), and signed by the chair and the secretary. (W.J.M. Davids, chair)(E. Campfens, secretary)
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  164. "Composition with Blue". philamuseum.org. Retrieved 16 January 2022. Consigned by the artist to Sophie Küppers (1891-1978), Hanover, Germany, 1926(?) [1]; Hanover Provinzialmuseum/Landesmuseum, Hanover, Germany, 1926(?)-August 17, 1937 [2]; confiscated by the Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda, Berlin, and stored in Schloss Niederschönhausen, EK inventory number 7035, August 17, 1937 – January 27, 1939 [3]; sold to Buch- und Kunsthandlung [[Karl Buchholz (art dealer)|]], Berlin, January 27, 1939; with Curt Valentin, Buchholz Gallery, New York, 1939 [4]; sold to A. E. Gallatin (1881-1952), New York, 24 August 1939 [5]; bequest to PMA, 1952.1.
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  172. "VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-1890)". www.christies.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022. Theo van Gogh, Paris (acquired from the artist). Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, Paris (by descent from the above). Gustave Fayet, Igny (acquired from the above, January 1907). Galerie E. Druet, Paris. Max Meirowsky, Berlin, later Amsterdam and Geneva (acquired from the above, 1913, until circa 1938). Paul Graupe & Cie., Paris (circa 1938). Alexandrine de Rothschild, Paris (by 1940). Seized from the above during the Occupation of France and transferred to the Jeu de Paume, Paris (April 1941); transferred to Schloss Kogl, St. Georgen im Attergau (18 June 1941; ERR no. R 905). Private collection. Wildenstein & Co. Inc., New York (acquired from the above, 1978). Acquired from the above by the late owner, 1979.
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  309. "Nazi art: righting the wrongs. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  310. "St. Gallens verschämter "Hodler"". NZZ. Simon Frick wollte nie auf das Ansinnen der Erbin Gerta Silberberg eintreten, vermögensrechtliche Fragen zu klären. Heute stehen sich die Frick-Stiftung und der Gerta Silberberg Discretionary Trust, vertreten durch das Berliner Anwaltsbüro «von Trott zu Solz Lammek», gegenüber.
  311. "Masterpiece to Stay in St. Gallen: An Agreement is Reached on Ferdinand Hodler's "Thunersee mit Stockhornkette"". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 11 February 2024. Ferdinand Hodler's famous painting "Thunersee mit Stockhornkette" (Lake Thun with Stockhorn Chain) (around 1913) will remain on public display at Kunstmuseum St. Gallen thanks to a long-anticipated agreement with the Simon und Charlotte Frick Foundation. Frick, the former State Councillor of St. Gallen, and his wife acquired the painting at auction at Galerie Kornfeld in Bern in 1985. At the time, the auction catalog erroneously documented a flawless Swiss provenance. Later, contrary to these claims, it was revealed that a previous owner of the painting had been the German Jewish collector Max Silberberg who, along with his wife Johanna, was murdered by the Nazis in 1942.
  312. "La Chaux-de-Fonds restitue une œuvre spoliée par le régime de Vichy". Le Temps (in French). 12 March 2018. ISSN   1423-3967. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  313. "'I've Regained a Part of My Family': Unusual Swiss Restitution Case Brings John Constable Painting Home to Heirs in France". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 12 February 2024. On March 12, after a grueling decade-plus struggle from his home base outside Paris, Alain Monteagle recovered a painting by John Constable, Dedham from Langham (1813), that had been stolen in 1942 from his grandfather's aunt. "I've regained a part of my family," Monteagle said at an emotional ceremony at the Musée des Beaux-Arts in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.
  314. "International Foundation for Art Research (IFAR)-Case Summary-Lissitzky v. Beyeler Foundation". www.ifar.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  315. "Son of El Lissitzky files for return of another war loot Kandinsky". The Art Newspaper - International art news and events. 31 August 2001. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  316. swissinfo.ch, Michèle Laird, Traduction de l'anglais: Frédéric Burnand. "Les musées suisses face au pillage nazi". SWI swissinfo.ch (in French). Archived from the original on 5 August 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2021. Autre cas avec un tableau de Max Lieberman vendu par le collectionneur d'art Max Silberberg en 1934. Il a été établi que la vente a eu lieu sous la contrainte des nazis. Le Musée d'art de Coire, qui avait reçu en donation la peinture en 1992, a décidé en 2000 de la retourner à l'héritier de Max Silberberg.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  317. Certic, Miodrag Certic,Mia (17 May 2015). "A Swiss Merchant of Death's Nazi Friends and Suspicious Masterpieces". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 13 November 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  318. "Kunsthaus-Eröffnung: Jüdische Vorbesitzer von Bührles Bildern - Künste im Gespräch - SRF". Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) (in German). Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  319. Knöfel, Ulrike (17 September 2021). "Emil Bührle und seine Kunstsammlung: Das Erbe des Kanonenkönigs (S+)". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN   2195-1349 . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  320. "Masterpieces marred by dubious past". nationthailand. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  321. Knöfel, Ulrike (9 April 2009). "A Question of Morality: An End to Restitution of Nazi Looted Art?". Der Spiegel. ISSN   2195-1349 . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  322. "Oliver Meier, Michael Feller, Stefanie Christ: Der Gurlitt-Komplex. Bern und die Raubkunst, Chronos 2017 :: Portal Kunstgeschichte – Das Informationsportal für Kunsthistoriker im deutschsprachigen Raum". www.portalkunstgeschichte.de. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  323. 1 2 Siegal, Nina (12 January 2020). "Poland Urged to Look for Nazi-Looted Art Still Held in Its Museums (Published 2020)". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  324. 1 2 Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy (February 2020). "A Goudstikker van Goyen in Gdańsk: A Case Study of Nazi-Looted Art in Poland". International Journal of Cultural Property. 27 (1): 53–96. doi:10.1017/S0940739120000016. ISSN   0940-7391. S2CID   226132418.
  325. 1 2 "Painting lost in Holocaust to be auctioned in London under Polish-brokered deal". lootedart.com. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

Annexes

See also

Bibliography

  1. Aalders, Gerard (2004). Nazi looting: the plunder of Dutch Jewry during the Second World War. Oxford; New York: Berg. ISBN   978-1-85973-722-4. OCLC   53223516.
  2. Dean, Martin (2011). Robbing the Jews: the confiscation of Jewish property in the Holocaust, 1933-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-88825-7. OCLC   812775661.
  3. Polack, Emmanuelle; Bertrand Dorleac, Laurence (2019). Le marche de l'art sous l'Occupation: 1940-1944 (in French). Tallandier. ISBN   979-10-210-2089-4. OCLC   1249856969.
  4. Petropoulos, Jonathan (2021). Göring's man in Paris: the story of a Nazi art plunderer and his world. Yale University Press. ISBN   978-0-300-25192-0. OCLC   1236148051.

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