From Many Times and Lands

Last updated
From Many Times and Lands
Author F. L. Lucas
Genre historical poetry
Publisher The Bodley Head
Publication date
April 1953
Pages318

F. L. Lucas's From Many Times and Lands (1953) is a volume of some one hundred original poems, mostly dramatic monologues, vignettes, and narratives, based on historical episodes "that seem lastingly alive". [1] Varying in length from sixteen pages to a few lines (most are two or three pages long), and written largely between 1935 and 1953, the poems were intended to show, in Lucas's words in the Preface, that "The Greeks were right. The essential theme is men in action. That has been the greatness of the West." [2] They were thus a reaction to the "soul-scratching" interiority of mid-20th century modernist verse ( The Times Literary Supplement's phrase [3] ). Lucas quotes approvingly "the wise Acton": 'History must be our deliverer, not only from the undue influence of other times, but from the undue influence of our own'. In one of the poems ('Ivan the Terrible') he has the explorer Anthony Jenkinson discuss with a number of English poets and playwrights in a London tavern in 1597 the authority of Marlowe's Tamburlaine as history:

Contents

"I try to find episodes in history that seem lastingly alive: and try to make them live on paper." [1]
... "We have had too many Narcissi murmuring unintelligibly over their own reflections in shallow, often muddy pools. 'I and she.' 'I and Nature.' 'I and God.' 'I and myself.' ..." [2]
... Give me a poet [says Jenkinson]
That holds the mirror, not to his own features,
But to the infinite mystery of men...
Often I think – 'Why should not poets be
Truthful as histories - and historians
Visioned as poets?'
You feed upon your dreams; they, on the world.
You live for feeling; and for knowledge they.
And each, alone, grows barren.

Jenkinson then goes on to speak of the impressions he took away from his meetings with Tsar Ivan IV.

Title and subtitle

The book's title is taken from Swinburne's 'The Garden of Proserpine'. The dust-cover and back-strip of the first edition (but not the title-page) carried the subtitle 'Poems of Legend and History'. "They are not always factually true," wrote Lucas of these pieces. "But what men could believe, even falsely, is also part – and not the least part – of human history. Wherever historic facts are concerned, I have tried to distort them as little as possible. Where episodes are invented, I have tried to keep them true to the spirit of their time." [2]

Sources and dates

Approximate or exact dates appear below poem titles. Sources for incidents are given in footnotes to about half the poems. The note to 'Olver Barnakarl', for example, reads:

Cf. the Icelandic Landnáma-Bóc, V. 13. i: 'Olver Barnakarl was a nobleman in Norway. He would not let children be thrown on spearpoints, as was the Vikings' custom. Therefore he was called "Barnakarl" [:Bairns' man].'

Some subjects treated

'Nemroud's Tower'4th-3rd millennium B.C.on Birs Nimrud
'The Eyes of Amenemhet'c.1800 B.C.on Amenemhat III
'The End of Akhnaton'14th century B.C.on Akhenaten and Nefertiti
'The Archaeologist-king'539 B.C. Nabonidus
'The Elbe frontier'9 B.C. Drusus the Elder
'The Pipe of Peace'A.D. 315 Liu Kun
'The Smile that cost an Empire'A.D. 755-6 Emperor Ming Huang and Yang Kwei-fei
'The Sister of Haroun'803 Ja'far ibn Yahya, Harun al-Rashid, Zubaidah bint Ja'far
'Olver Barnakarl'c.850 Olver Einarsson
'The Daughter of Firdausi'1020-25 Ferdowsi
'The Lord of Athens'1225 Othon and Isabelle de la Roche
'The End of Genghiz'1227 Yelü Chucai and Genghis Khan
'The Grass of Cambalu'1270 Kublai Khan
'Corrievreckan'13th century the Lords of Islay
'King Hal'1421 Siege of Meaux, Sir John Cornwall, Henry V
'The Repentance of Gabrino Fondolo'1425 Cabrino Fondulo
'History'1420–1437 Catherine of Valois and Sir Owen Tudor
'The Last Hope of Constantinople'1453 Fall of Constantinople
'Dusk of the Renaissance'1463 Sigismondo Malatesta and Gemistos Plethon
'The lilied town'1478 Florence and Botticelli
'New heavens and new earth'c.1542 Columbus's remains, Luther, Copernicus
'Ivan the Terrible'c.1597 Anthony Jenkinson on Tsar Ivan IV
'The Friend of Essex'1600 Francis Bacon
'Stella's end'1607 Penelope Devereux
'The Old Queen's Maid of Honour'1613 Elizabeth I
'A tale of two centuries'1786-1815 Eléonore de Sabron and Delphine de Custine
'The Doomed'1775 Louis XVI
'Spain, 1809'the Peninsular War
'The Buried Saviour'1814-5 Napoleon
'Doom and the Poet'November 17, 1820 Keats
'Wings of a Dove'c.1855 Charles Darwin
'Rose of Parnell'1880-91 Charles Stewart Parnell
'The Neutrality of Éire'1939 Irish neutrality during World War II
'Leave'1939returning to Cambridge from Bletchley Park
'The dead of Oran'1940the attack on Mers-el-Kébir
'Before the landing in Normandy'1944eve of the Normandy landings

Themes

A number of the longer poems explore the techniques of handling, one-to-one, dangerous people in positions of absolute power. Cases in point include the court poet Yuan Shen and Emperor Ming Huang in 'The Smile that cost an Empire'; Sir John Cornwall and Henry V (after the death of Sir John's son at the Siege of Maux) in 'King Hal'; Anthony Jenkinson and Tsar Ivan in 'Ivan the Terrible'; and counsellor Yeliu Chutsai and Genghiz Khan in 'The End of Genghiz'.

Typical in its message is 'The Last Hope of Constantinople', telling the story of the fast Greek sailing boat sent from Constantinople during the desperate last days of the siege in 1453, to scour the Greek coasts for news of the promised Venetian fleet coming to the city's rescue – and to report back. But there is no fleet. The captain, Michaelis Imvriotis, tells his eleven-man Greek crew that it is their duty to return to the doomed city. A heated debate on deck follows, with some men arguing that to return would be futile. The captain closes the argument with the words

"And yet when a man has lost all pride,
How can he still live happy? We were honest men till now.
What use is life, if each must dread
To meet men's eyes? Must hear in bed
His pillow whisper 'Coward !' – and his sick soul cry 'Amen !'?
Afraid are we all. Yet our call is clear."

A vote is taken – two against ten. A few days later, the boat is sighted slipping back through Turkish lines to the Neorion Quay. There is momentary joy in the city: surely the crew would only have returned if they had good news? But the cheering falters:

Men saw how watched eleven faces,
Pale and silent in their places,
Answering not to cheers nor praises –
In pity for that lost people, forgetting their own despair.

The missing crew member, Spiridion Sathas, who had argued for flight, has stolen away by night in the row-boat. He marries "a rich Venetian dame", and thirty years later dies a "noble merchant" in Venice. [4] [note 1]

Verse forms

A variety of stanzaic forms, rhyme-schemes and metres are employed, as well as heroic couplets, blank verse, accentual verse, and free verse. The last stanza of 'The dead of Oran', on the funerals of French sailors killed in the Royal Navy's destruction of the French Fleet in 1940:

Far to the north the great men sit;
Laval in Vichy plies his pen.
But here a different greatness lives —
The faith, the courage, that forgives —
In simpler men.

Reception

The Times Literary Supplement wrote of the volume: "The excitement is unequalled by any but a very few volumes of verse published these last few years. This is poetry written to be read aloud, to be relished for its information, to be taken to bed and read, like a detective novel, for the relaxation that comes from a good story well told... These are stories in poetry. The poetry is not the worse for the story, but the story is infinitely more compelling for being set in verse." [3]

A notable example of such "compelling" story-telling occurs in 'A Tale of Two Centuries'. At the Revolutionary Tribunal in 1793 the public prosecutor Fouquier-Tinville, aware that the judges of the Comte de Custine are well disposed towards him because of the beauty of his daughter-in-law, Delphine de Custine, who attends the trial with him, has arranged for a mob to kill her as she leaves the Palais de Justice:

Delphine de Sabran, Marquise de Custine (1770 - 1826), subject of a dramatic narrative in From Many Times and Lands Delphine de Custine.jpg
Delphine de Sabran, Marquise de Custine (1770 – 1826), subject of a dramatic narrative in From Many Times and Lands
Below its steps, a crowd was waiting there —
Louche ruffians, women with wolfish stare:
And there above, Delphine! — white face beneath golden hair.
At once she guessed: the worst of all her fears
Had been of crowds, even from earlier years;
And now to her mind the memory rose grim
Of the Princesse de Lamballe, torn limb from limb
By bony claws like these. And yet she knew
Courage alone perhaps might win her through...
Down those long steps she passed with tranquil tread.
How fast it narrowed now, the space between!
Then a voice howled — "The daughter of Custine
The traitor! Down with her!" Still on she passed,
Thinking "Oh, courage! Courage to the last — " ...
And now she was amidst them — by her side
There brushed a ragged fishwife, babe at breast;
She heard her own voice say, as if possessed,
"How sweet he is!" The woman met her look
And whispered "Take him!" With blind arms she took
That tiny burden, and passed on her way;
Quiet on her bosom that small saviour lay.
Face bent above him, through those wolves she came..."

The mob, momentarily dumb and bewildered by "some awe of womanhood, some touch of shame", watch her go, gain her carriage in the street below, silently pass the baby back to its mother, and drive away, "Saved by a child she nevermore would see". [5]

Reprints

Cabrino Fondulo (1370-1425), Lord of Cremona, subject of a dramatic monologue in From Many Times and Lands Cabrino Fondulo.png
Cabrino Fondulo (1370-1425), Lord of Cremona, subject of a dramatic monologue in From Many Times and Lands

A number of the poems were reprinted in mid-20th century anthologies, notably two of the most gruesome: 'The Repentance of Gabrino Fondolo, Lord of Cremona', [6] a Browning-esque dramatic monologue about Fondolo's regret, as he awaits execution, at the opportunity he missed of throwing the Pope, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the Doge from the top of Cremona tower on their joint visit to his city as guests; [7] and 'Spain, 1809', the story of a village woman's revenge on some French soldiers during the Peninsular War, [8] which Margaret Wood turned into a stage-play, A Kind of Justice (1966). Among poems reprinted that were based on legend rather than history was 'The Destined Hour' (1953), a re-telling in verse of the old Arabic 'Appointment in Samarra' fable. [9] [10]

Notes

  1. The story comes from Giornale dell' assedio di Costantinopoli, 1453, the diary of Nicolò Barbaro, who lived through the siege.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epigram</span> Brief memorable statement

An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, sometimes surprising or satirical statement. The word derives from the Greek ἐπίγραμμα. This literary device has been practiced for over two millennia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hesiod</span> Ancient Greek poet of the archaic period

Hesiod was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ogden Nash</span> American poet (1902–1971)

Frederic Ogden Nash was an American poet well known for his light verse, of which he wrote more than 500 pieces. With his unconventional rhyming schemes, he was declared by The New York Times to be the country's best-known producer of humorous poetry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T. S. Eliot</span> American-born British poet (1888–1965)

Thomas Stearns Eliot was a poet, essayist and playwright. He was a leading figure in English-language Modernist poetry where he reinvigorated the art through his use of language, writing style, and verse structure. He is also noted for his critical essays, which often re-evaluated long-held cultural beliefs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cædmon</span> Ancient English poet

Cædmon is the earliest English poet whose name is known. A Northumbrian cowherd who cared for the animals at the double monastery of Streonæshalch during the abbacy of St. Hilda, he was originally ignorant of "the art of song" but learned to compose one night in the course of a dream, according to the 8th-century Christian historian and saint Bede. He later became a zealous monk and an accomplished and inspirational Christian poet. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Roman Catholicism and Anglicanism, with a feast day on 11 February.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samarra</span> City in Saladin, Iraq

Samarra is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, 125 kilometers (78 mi) north of Baghdad. The modern city of Samarra was founded in 836 by the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim as a new administrative capital and military base. In 2003 the city had an estimated population of 348,700. During the Iraqi Civil War (2006-08), Samarra was in the "Sunni Triangle" of resistance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Lamb</span> English essayist, poet, and antiquarian (1775–1834)

Charles Lamb was an English essayist, poet, and antiquarian, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the children's book Tales from Shakespeare, co-authored with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764–1847).

<i>Greek Anthology</i> Ancient collection of short poems

The Greek Anthology is a collection of poems, mostly epigrams, that span the Classical and Byzantine periods of Greek literature. Most of the material of the Greek Anthology comes from two manuscripts, the Palatine Anthology of the 10th century and the Anthology of Planudes of the 14th century.

<i>The Knight in the Panthers Skin</i> Georgias national epic poem

The Knight in the Panther's Skin is a Georgian medieval epic poem, written in the 12th or 13th century by Georgia's national poet Shota Rustaveli. A definitive work of the Georgian Golden Age, the poem consists of over 1600 Rustavelian Quatrains and is considered to be a "masterpiece of the Georgian literature". Until the early 20th century, a copy of this poem was part of the dowry of every bride.

<i>Electra</i> (Sophocles play) Ancient Greek tragedy by Sophocles

Electra, also Elektra or The Electra, is a Greek tragedy by Sophocles. Its date is not known, but various stylistic similarities with the Philoctetes and the Oedipus at Colonus lead scholars to suppose that it was written towards the end of Sophocles' career. Jebb dates it between 420 BC and 414 BC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">F. L. Lucas</span> British writer and classical scholar (1894–1967)

Frank Laurence Lucas was an English classical scholar, literary critic, poet, novelist, playwright, political polemicist, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and intelligence officer at Bletchley Park during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rose Fyleman</span> English writer and poet

Rose Amy Fyleman was an English writer and poet, noted for her works on the fairy folk, for children. Her poem "There are fairies at the bottom of our garden" was set to music by English composer Liza Lehmann. Her carol "Lift your hidden faces", set to a French carol tune, was included in the Anglican hymnal Songs of Praise (1925), The Oxford Book of Carols (1928) as well as in the Hutterian Brotherhood's Songs of Light (1977).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">E. V. Lucas</span> English writer

Edward Verrall Lucas, CH was an English humorist, essayist, playwright, biographer, publisher, poet, novelist, short story writer and editor.

<i>The Woman Clothed with the Sun</i> Book by F. L. Lucas

The Woman Clothed with the Sun; being The Confession of John McHaffie concerning his sojourn in the Wilderness among the folk called the Buchanites, is a historical novella by the British writer F. L. Lucas. It purports to be an account, written in 1814 by a Scottish minister of the Kirk in middle age and published posthumously, of his youthful bewitchment by Elspeth Buchan and of the time he spent in the 1780s among the Buchanites. First published in 1937, it was Lucas's second historical novella, the first being The Wild Tulip (1932); he had also published a prize-winning historical novel, Cécile (1930).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Françoise Eléonore Dejean de Manville</span>

Françoise Eléonore Dejean de Manville, Countess of Sabran and then Marquise of Boufflers, was a French socialite and letter writer whose life extended from the Ancien Régime through the French Revolution and First French Empire to the Bourbon Restoration. She is known for the letters she exchanged with Stanislas de Boufflers, whom she eventually married.

<i>Ariadne</i> (poem) Longest poem of F. L. Lucas

Ariadne (1932) is a short epic or long narrative poem of 3,300 lines, by the British poet F. L. Lucas. It tells the story of Theseus and Ariadne, with details drawn from various sources and original touches based on modern psychology. It was Lucas's longest poem. His other epic reworking of myth was Gilgamesh, King of Erech (1948).

F. L. Lucas's Messene Redeemed (1940) is a verse drama or long poem, based on Pausanias, about the struggle for independence of ancient Messene against Sparta. As well as narrating Messenian history from earliest times to the defeat of Sparta at Leuctra and the return of the exiles, it dramatizes two episodes in play-form: one from the First Messenian War – the "honour killing" of his daughter Laodice by Aristodemus at Ithome, and one from the end of the Second – the last hours of Eira.

Harold Henry Abbott was an English schoolmaster, for the last fifteen years of his career headmaster of grammar schools, who published poetry as H. H. Abbott.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delphine de Custine</span> French literary and social figure (1770–1826)

Delphine de Sabran, Marquise de Custine was a French society hostess and woman of letters. Known for her beauty and intelligence, Madame de Abrantès referred to de Custine as "one of those lovely creatures that God gives to the world in a moment of munificence". During the French Revolution she was imprisoned at Carmes Prison. She was freed after the fall of Maximilien Robespierre but was left widowed. After the revolution she focused on the education of her son, Astolphe-Louis-Léonor, Marquis de Custine, taking him to Italy and Switzerland. A freethinker, she was a prominent literary and social figure during the Napoleonic era.

Queenie Scott-Hopper was the pen name of Mabel Olive Scott-Hopper, an English author of children’s stories, poetry, and devotional literature.

References

  1. 1 2 Lucas, F. L., Journal Under the Terror, 1938 (London, 1939), p.229-230
  2. 1 2 3 Lucas, F. L., Preface to From Many Times and Lands (London, 1953), p.11-13
  3. 1 2 'Stories in Verse', The Times Literary Supplement, 31 July 1953
  4. Lucas, F. L., From Many Times and Lands, pp.187-192
  5. Lucas, F. L., From Many Times and Lands, pp.271-272
  6. Stories in Modern Verse, ed. Maurice Wollman (Harrap, London, 1970)
  7. Lucas found the story in E. J. Kitts, Pope John the Twenty-Third and Master John Hus of Bohemia (London, 1910)
  8. The Harrap Book of Modern Verse, ed. Maurice Wollman and Kathleen Parker (London, 1958); The Penguin Book of Narrative Verse, ed. David Herbert (Harmondsworth, 1960)
  9. Every Poem Tells a Story: A Collection of Stories in Verse, ed. Raymond Wilson (London, 1988); ISBN   0-670-82086-5 / 0-670-82086-5)
  10. Lucas, F. L., 'The Destined Hour' (online text), www.funtrivia.com