GW190425

Last updated
GW190425
Event type Gravitational wave
Instrument LIGO, Virgo interferometer
Distance159+69
−71
 Mpc
ProgenitorUnknown

GW190425 was a gravitational wave detected [1] on 25 April 2019 at LIGO-Livingston. Some low signal-to-noise data from the Virgo interferometer could not be used for detection but was used for parameter estimation. [2] In contrast to GW170817, LIGO-Hanford was offline and did not observe GW190425, and because the Virgo detection was low-confidence, the event is not well-localized in the sky — the 90% confidence zone spans 8284  deg2 (roughly 20% of the sky), while GW170817 was localized to 28 deg2 (about 0.07% of the sky) before its optical counterpart was identified. [2]

GW190425 was a compact binary coalescence with a signal to noise ratio 12.9. [2] No electromagnetic event has been conclusively associated with GW190425; one candidate is FRB  20190425A in the galaxy UGC 10667. [3] The signal could be result of a collision of two neutron stars, a neutron star and a low-mass black hole, or two low-mass black holes [4] with a total mass of 3.4+0.3
−0.1
 M
and a chirp mass of 1.44+0.02
−0.02
 M
, much heavier than any binary neutron-star system known from radioastronomy observations. [2] The unusual mass has led to several different hypothesis for the origin of the signal. Some examples include: [5] a neutron star might paired with 4-5 M Helium star might undergo common envelope evolution then supernova to produce an unusual binary neutron star, [6] higher mass binary neutron stars may be preferentially created with either high or low magnetic fields explaining the lack of radioastronomy signals, [7] and the possibility that the mass observation is at the extreme of a distribution characteristic of binary neutron stars. [8]

References

  1. Barbieri, C.; Salafia, O. S.; Colpi, M.; Ghirlanda, G.; Perego, A. (2021-10-01). "Exploring the nature of ambiguous merging systems: GW190425 in low latency". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 654: A12. Bibcode:2021A&A...654A..12B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037778. ISSN   0004-6361.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Abbott, B. P.; et al. (2020). "GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass ∼ 3.4 M". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 892 (1): L3. arXiv: 2001.01761 . Bibcode:2020ApJ...892L...3A. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab75f5 .
  3. Magaña Hernandez, Ignacio; d'Emilio, Virginia; Morisaki, Soichiro; Bhardwaj, Mohit; Palmese, Antonella (2024). "On the Association of GW190425 with Its Potential Electromagnetic Counterpart FRB 20190425A". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 971 (1): L5. arXiv: 2404.02496 . Bibcode:2024ApJ...971L...5M. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad5b4c .
  4. "GW190425: the merger of a compact binary with total mass of | ICCUB". icc.ub.edu. Retrieved 2025-11-11.
  5. Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, A.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguiar, O. D. (July 1, 2021). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from Two Neutron Star–Black Hole Coalescences". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 915 (1): L5. arXiv: 2106.15163 . Bibcode:2021ApJ...915L...5A. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac082e . ISSN   2041-8205.
  6. Romero-Shaw, Isobel M; Farrow, Nicholas; Stevenson, Simon; Thrane, Eric; Zhu, Xing-Jiang (July 21, 2020). "On the origin of GW190425". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 496 (1): L64 –L69. doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/slaa084 . ISSN   1745-3925.
  7. Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Berger, Edo (September 1, 2020). "Does GW190425 Require an Alternative Formation Pathway than a Fast-merging Channel?". The Astrophysical Journal. 900 (1): 13. arXiv: 2001.04502 . Bibcode:2020ApJ...900...13S. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aba596 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  8. Mandel, Ilya; Müller, Bernhard; Riley, Jeff; de Mink, Selma E; Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro; Chattopadhyay, Debatri (November 18, 2020). "Binary population synthesis with probabilistic remnant mass and kick prescriptions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 500 (1): 1380–1384. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa3390 . ISSN   0035-8711.