Gaiti Hasan

Last updated

Gaiti Hasan (born 19 November 1956) is an Indian scientist who researches in the fields of molecular biology, genetics, neuroscience and cell signalling. [1] Hasan is a Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (INSA), the apex body of Indian scientists and technologists. [1] From 2013 onwards she has been serving as a Senior Professor at the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore. [1] [2]

Contents

Education

Hasan studied in Aligarh as a child. Her parents taught at university, and her two sisters studied chemistry and physics. [3] She went on to do a BSc in zoology from Miranda House, Delhi University in 1976. She completed a MSc in life sciences in 1978 and a M.Phil. in 1980 from Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi. [1] [3] In 1983, she received a PhD from the University of Cambridge for her dissertation on ribosomal RNA genes of Trypanosoma brucei. [4] According to Hasan, it was while she was applying to universities for her PhD that she realised for the first time that "belonging to a minority could lead to discrimination". She believes this has led her to "consciously try and be supportive of other woman scientists, be they students or colleagues". [3]

Career

Presently she works at NCBS (National Centre for Biological Sciences) [5] where she researches on the systemic and cellular consequences of changes in intracellular calcium levels in animals. In 1983, Hasan joined the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai, as a visiting fellow and research associate in the molecular biology unit. [1] She was a visiting scientist at the biology department in Brandeis University Massachusetts in 1992. [4]

Awards and recognition

Hasan has received a scholarship from the Inlaks Foundation, [6] a British Overseas Research Student Award, a fellowship from the Wellcome Trust and a Rockefeller Biotechnology Career Fellowship. In 2006, she was elected a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore and in 2007, as a Member of the Asia-Pacific Molecular Biology Network. [1] She is also a fellow of Indian National Science Academy (INSA).

Publications

  1. Deb, Bipan Kumar; Pathak, Trayambak; Hasan, Gaiti (26 May 2016). "Store-independent modulation of Ca2+ entry through Orai by Septin 7". Nature Communications. 7: 11751. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711751D. doi:10.1038/ncomms11751. PMC   4894974 . PMID   27225060.
  2. Pathak, T.; Agrawal, T.; Richhariya, S.; Sadaf, S.; Hasan, G. (2015). "Store-Operated Calcium Entry through Orai is Required for Transcriptional Maturation of the Flight Circuit in Drosophila". Journal of Neuroscience. 35 (40): 13784–99. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1680-15.2015. PMC   6605383 . PMID   26446229.
  3. Agrawal, Tarjani; Hasan, Gaiti (2015). "Maturation of a central brain flight circuit in Drosophilarequires Fz2/Ca2+signaling". eLife. 4. doi: 10.7554/eLife.07046 . PMC   4451221 . PMID   25955970.
  4. Sadaf, Sufia; Reddy, O. Venkateswara; Sane, Sanjay P.; Hasan, Gaiti (2015). "Neural Control of Wing Coordination in Flies". Current Biology. 25 (1): 80–6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.069 . PMID   25496964.
  5. Agrawal, Tarjani; Sadaf, Sufia; Hasan, Gaiti (2013). "A Genetic RNAi Screen for IP3/Ca2+ Coupled GPCRs in Drosophila Identifies the PdfR as a Regulator of Insect Flight". PLOS Genetics. 9 (10): e1003849. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003849 . PMC   3789835 . PMID   24098151.
  6. Subramanian, M.; Metya, S. K.; Sadaf, S.; Kumar, S.; Schwudke, D.; Hasan, G. (2013). "Altered lipid homeostasis in Drosophila InsP3 receptor mutants leads to obesity and hyperphagia". Disease Models & Mechanisms. 6 (3): 734–744. doi:10.1242/dmm.010017. PMC   3634656 . PMID   23471909.
  7. Hasan, Gaiti (2013). "Intracellular signaling in neurons: Unraveling specificity, compensatory mechanisms and essential gene function". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 23 (1): 62–7. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.07.004. PMID   22878162. S2CID   206951235.
  8. Chakraborty, Sumita; Hasan, Gaiti (2012). "Functional Complementation of Drosophila itpr Mutants by RatItpr1". Journal of Neurogenetics. 26 (3–4): 328–37. doi:10.3109/01677063.2012.697501. PMID   22817477. S2CID   29461952.
  9. Agrawal, N.; Venkiteswaran, G.; Sadaf, S.; Padmanabhan, N.; Banerjee, S.; Hasan, G. (2010). "Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor and dSTIM Function in Drosophila Insulin-Producing Neurons Regulates Systemic Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Flight". Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (4): 1301–13. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3668-09.2010. PMC   6633787 . PMID   20107057.
  10. Venkiteswaran, G.; Hasan, G. (2009). "Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and store-operated Ca2+ entry are required in Drosophila neurons for flight". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (25): 10326–10331. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610326V. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0902982106 . PMC   2700899 . PMID   19515818.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium–potassium pump</span> Enzyme found in the membrane of all animal cells

The sodium–potassium pump is an enzyme found in the membrane of all animal cells. It performs several functions in cell physiology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcium in biology</span> Use of calcium by organisms

Calcium ions (Ca2+) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms' cells. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor, including several of the coagulation factors. Extracellular calcium is also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes, as well as proper bone formation.

Calcium release-activated channels (CRAC) are specialized plasma membrane Ca2+ ion channels. When calcium ions (Ca2+) are depleted from the endoplasmic reticulum (a major store of Ca2+) of mammalian cells, the CRAC channel is activated to slowly replenish the level of calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum. The Ca2+ Release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) Channel (CRAC-C) Family (TC# 1.A.52) is a member of the Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) Superfamily. These proteins typically have between 4 and 6 transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). The 4 TMS CRAC channels arose by loss of 2TMSs from 6TMS CDF carriers, an example of 'reverse' evolution'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obaid Siddiqi</span> Indian geneticist (1932–2013)

Obaid Siddiqi FRS was an Indian National Research Professor and the Founder-Director of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) National Center for Biological Sciences. He made seminal contributions to the field of behavioural neurogenetics using the genetics and neurobiology of Drosophila.

Ryanodine receptors form a class of intracellular calcium channels in various forms of excitable animal tissue like muscles and neurons. There are three major isoforms of the ryanodine receptor, which are found in different tissues and participate in different signaling pathways involving calcium release from intracellular organelles. The RYR2 ryanodine receptor isoform is the major cellular mediator of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in animal cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Octopamine</span> Group of stereoisomers

Octopamine (molecular formula C8H11NO2; also known as OA, and also norsynephrine, para-octopamine and others) is an organic chemical closely related to norepinephrine, and synthesized biologically by a homologous pathway. Octopamine is often considered the major "fight-or-flight" neurohormone of invertebrates. Its name is derived from the fact that it was first identified in the salivary glands of the octopus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcium signaling</span> Intracellular communication process

Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction. Ca2+ is important for cellular signalling, for once it enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins. Ca2+ can act in signal transduction resulting from activation of ion channels or as a second messenger caused by indirect signal transduction pathways such as G protein-coupled receptors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Synaptotagmin</span>

Synaptotagmins (SYTs) constitute a family of membrane-trafficking proteins that are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane region (TMR), a variable linker, and two C-terminal C2 domains - C2A and C2B. There are 17 isoforms in the mammalian synaptotagmin family. There are several C2-domain containing protein families that are related to synaptotagmins, including transmembrane (Ferlins, Extended-Synaptotagmin (E-Syt) membrane proteins, and MCTPs) and soluble (RIMS1 and RIMS2, UNC13D, synaptotagmin-related proteins and B/K) proteins. The family includes synaptotagmin 1, a Ca2+ sensor in the membrane of the pre-synaptic axon terminal, coded by gene SYT1.

The sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, exchange protein, or NCX) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. It uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (Na+) by allowing Na+ to flow down its gradient across the plasma membrane in exchange for the countertransport of calcium ions (Ca2+). A single calcium ion is exported for the import of three sodium ions. The exchanger exists in many different cell types and animal species. The NCX is considered one of the most important cellular mechanisms for removing Ca2+.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ORAI1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 is a calcium selective ion channel that in humans is encoded by the ORAI1 gene. Orai channels play an important role in the activation of T-lymphocytes. The loss of function mutation of Orai1 causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in humans The mammalian orai family has two additional homologs, Orai2 and Orai3. Orai proteins share no homology with any other ion channel family of any other known proteins. They have 4 transmembrane domains and form hexamers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STIM2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STIM2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GCaMP</span> Genetically encoded calcium indicator

GCaMP is a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) initially developed in 2001 by Junichi Nakai. It is a synthetic fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP), calmodulin (CaM), and M13, a peptide sequence from myosin light-chain kinase. When bound to Ca2+, GCaMP fluoresces green with a peak excitation wavelength of 480 nm and a peak emission wavelength of 510 nm. It is used in biological research to measure intracellular Ca2+ levels both in vitro and in vivo using virally transfected or transgenic cell and animal lines. The genetic sequence encoding GCaMP can be inserted under the control of promoters exclusive to certain cell types, allowing for cell-type specific expression of GCaMP. Since Ca2+ is a second messenger that contributes to many cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways, GCaMP allows researchers to quantify the activity of Ca2+-based mechanisms and study the role of Ca2+ ions in biological processes of interest.

Calcium imaging is a microscopy technique to optically measure the calcium (Ca2+) status of an isolated cell, tissue or medium. Calcium imaging takes advantage of calcium indicators, fluorescent molecules that respond to the binding of Ca2+ ions by fluorescence properties. Two main classes of calcium indicators exist: chemical indicators and genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECI). This technique has allowed studies of calcium signalling in a wide variety of cell types. In neurons, action potential generation is always accompanied by rapid influx of Ca2+ ions. Thus, calcium imaging can be used to monitor the electrical activity in hundreds of neurons in cell culture or in living animals, which has made it possible observe the activity of neuronal circuits during ongoing behavior.

The ryanodine-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor Ca2+ channel (RIR-CaC) family includes Ryanodine receptors and Inositol trisphosphate receptors. Members of this family are large proteins, some exceeding 5000 amino acyl residues in length. This family belongs to the Voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily. Ry receptors occur primarily in muscle cell sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) membranes, and IP3 receptors occur primarily in brain cell endoplasmic reticular (ER) membranes where they effect release of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm upon activation (opening) of the channel. They are redox sensors, possibly providing a partial explanation for how they control cytoplasmic Ca2+. Ry receptors have been identified in heart mitochondria where they provide the main pathway for Ca2+ entry. Sun et al. (2011) have demonstrated oxygen-coupled redox regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca2+ release channel (RyR1;TC# 1.A.3.1.2) by NADPH oxidase 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subhash Chandra Lakhotia</span>


2018 INSA Aryabhata Medal
2022 Asiatic Society, Kolkata Joy Gobind Law Memorial Medal

<span class="mw-page-title-main">L. S. Shashidhara</span>

Lingadahalli Subrahmanya Shashidhara is an Indian developmental biologist, geneticist and a professor of biology currently serving as the Centre Director of National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India. He is a Professor at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, and at Ashoka University, Sonepat, India. He heads the LSS Laboratory at IISER and is known for his studies on Drosophila, particularly the evolution of appendages and functions of homeotic selector genes. He is a J. C. Bose National Fellow of the Department of Science and Technology and an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2008, for his contributions to biological sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Upinder Singh Bhalla</span>

Upinder Singh Bhalla is an Indian computational neuroscientist, academic and a professor at National Centre for Biological Sciences of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. He is known for his studies on neuronal and synaptic signalling in memory and olfactory coding using computational and experimental methods and is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian National Science Academy. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2007, for his contributions to biological sciences. The Infosys Science Foundation awarded him the Infosys Prize 2017 in Life Sciences for his pioneering contributions to the understanding of the brain's computational machinery.

Uma Ramakrishnan is an Indian molecular ecologist and professor at National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore. Her research investigates population genetics and evolutionary history of mammals in the Indian subcontinent, including work to save India’s tigers. In July 2019, she was elected as a fellow to the Indian National Science Academy.

Ramanathan Sowdhamini is an Indian computational biologist, bioinformatician and a professor at the department of biochemistry, biophysics and bioinformatics of the National Centre for Biological Sciences, a TIFR research facility located in Bengaluru. Known for computational studies in the field of Protein Science, Sowdhamini is also associated with the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine as a collaborator and is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences as well as the Indian National Science Academy. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded her the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for her contributions to biosciences in 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A. James Hudspeth</span> American neutroscience professor

A. James Hudspeth is the F.M. Kirby Professor at Rockefeller University in New York City, where he is director of the F.M. Kirby Center for Sensory Neuroscience. His laboratory studies the physiological basis of hearing.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Gaiti Hasan – INSA Fellow". Indian National Science Academy www.insaindia.org. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  2. ↑ "NCBS Faculty". National Centre for Biological Sciences www.ncbs.res.in. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 Godbole, Rohini; Ramaswamy, Ram, eds. (2008). "Science and the Art of Detection" (PDF). Lilavati's Daughters: The Women Scientists of India. Indian Academy of Sciences. pp. 128–131. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  4. 1 2 "NISER Gaiti Hasan bio" (PDF). National Institute of Science Education and Research www.niser.ac.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  5. ↑ "NCBS Faculty". ncbs.res.in. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  6. ↑ "Inlaks Shivdasani Scholarships – Gaiti Hasan". Inlaks Shivdasani Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.