General Congress of Bukovina Congresul General al Bucovinei | |
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Type | |
Type | |
Leadership | |
President | |
Seats | 100 |
Meeting place | |
Czernowitz |
The General Congress of Bukovina (Romanian : Congresul General al Bucovinei) was a self-proclaimed representative body created in the aftermath of the Romanian military intervention in Bukovina, which proclaimed the union of the region with the Kingdom of Romania in 1918.
On 28 November 1918, [1] the Congress elected Iancu Flondor as chairman, and voted for the union with the Kingdom of Romania, with the full support of the Romanian, German, and Polish representatives; the Ukrainians did not want to participate. [2] [3]
There were six Polish representatives: Bazyl Duzinkiewicz, Emil Kaminski, Stanisław (Stanislaus) Kwiatkowski, Wladislaw Pospiszil, Leopold Szweiger, and Edmund Wicentowicz. [4] Among the Romanian representatives there were Iancu Flondor, Vladimir de Repta, Dionisie Bejan, Ion Nistor, Octavian Gheorghian, Radu Sbiera, Vasile Bodnarescu, Gheorghe Şandru, Vasile Marcu, Dimitrie Bucevschi, Gheorghe Voicu, Vasile Alboi-Şandru, Ion Candrea. The German representatives were: Rudolf Gaisdorf, Viktor Glondys, Adam Hodel, Rafael Kaindl, Edwin Landwehr de Pragenau, Alois Lebouton, and Emil Wellisch.
The Congress unanimously passed a motion which mentioned:
'We, the General Congress of Bukovina, embodying the country's supreme power and being by ourselves invested with legislative power, in the name of national sovereignty, we are deciding: The unconditional and eternal union of Bukovina - within its old boundaries up to the rivers Ceremuş, Colacin, and Dniester - with the Kingdom of Romania.'
On 28 November 1918, the General Congress of Bukovina cabled to the ministers of the Entente Powers, informing London, Washington, Paris, and Rome about the union with Romania. [5]
Bukovina is a historical region at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe. The region is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided between Romania and Ukraine.
The Duchy of Bukovina was a constituent land of the Austrian Empire from 1849 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until 1918.
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Iancu Flondor was a Romanian politician who advocated Bukovina's union with the Kingdom of Romania.
Aurel Onciul was a Romanian pro-Austrian political leader in the Austrian Bukovina, prior to its union with the Kingdom of Romania.
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Gheorghe Flondor was Romanian politician who served as Royal Resident of Ținutul Suceava from February 7, 1939 to September 23, 1940.
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The Democratic Union Party was a political group in Romania, one of the political forces which claimed to represent the ethnic Romanian community of Bukovina province. The PDU was active in the wake of World War I, between 1919 and 1923, having for its leader the historian and nationalist militant Ion Nistor. It was formed by Nistor and other activists who wrote for the regional periodical Glasul Bucovinei, and, as a consequence, the party members were commonly referred to as Glasiști ("Glas-ists").
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The Socialist Workers Party of Romania, later renamed the Independent Socialist Party of Romania, was a political party in Romania. The party was founded in Bucharest on 15 July 1928, as a leftist splinter group of the Social Democratic Party, formed by a minority that opposed the cooperation with the National Peasants' Party.
Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică was an Imperial Austrian-born Romanian literary critic. The son of a poor merchant family from Brașov, he attended several universities before launching a career as a critic, first in his native town and then in Czernowitz. Eventually settling in Bucharest, capital of the Romanian Old Kingdom, he managed to earn a university degree before teaching at a succession of high schools. Meanwhile, he continued publishing literary studies as well as intensifying an ardently nationalistic, Pan-Romanian activism. He urged the Romanian government to drop its neutrality policy and enter World War I; once this took place and his adopted home came under German occupation, he found himself arrested and deported to Bulgaria. After the war's conclusion and the union of Transylvania with Romania, he became a literature professor at the newly founded Cluj University. There, he served as rector in the late 1920s, but found himself increasingly out of touch with modern trends in literature.
Constantin Ritter von Isopescu-Grecul was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian jurist, politician, and journalist. He represented the Duchy of Bukovina and a Romanian constituency in the Austrian House of Deputies continuously from 1907, participating in the political events of World War I. He was foremost known as a legal reformer and a political moderate, who objected to radical forms of Romanian nationalism and mainly sought to obtain a special status for the Romanians within a reformed Austria. His loyalism was rewarded by the Austrian authorities and antagonized the Romanian National People's Party, but Isopescu-Grecul also took distance from the pro-Austrian line advocated by Aurel Onciul. In 1908, Isopescu-Grecul joined Nicu Flondor and Teofil Simionovici in creating an Independent Party, which espoused a moderate program. He later rallied behind Iancu Flondor, embracing his conservative approach to national issues.
The Democratic Peasants' Party, also known as Democratic Party, Peasants' Party, National Democratic Party or Unirea Society, was a provincial party in Bukovina, Austria-Hungary, one of several groups claiming to represent the ethnic Romanians. It had a national liberal and left-wing populist agenda, and was mainly supported by "the peasants, the village teachers, and some of the intellectuals." Its leader was Aurel Onciul, seconded by Florea Lupu, both of whom were adversaries of the conservative and elitist Romanian National People's Party (PNPR). Rejecting sectarianism, the PȚD combined Austrian and Romanian nationalism, as Onciul argued that Romanian aspirations could only be fulfilled inside the multi-ethnic empire. For this reason, and for its role in dividing the Romanian vote, the party was often accused of double-dealing.
Ștefan Cicio Pop was a Romanian politician.
The union of Bukovina with Romania was declared in 28 November 1918, being officially recognized by the international community in 1919 and 1920.
Greater Moldova or Greater Moldavia is an irredentist concept today used for the credence that the Republic of Moldova should be expanded with lands that used to belong to the Principality of Moldavia or were once inside its political orbit. Historically, it also meant the unification of the lands of the former principality under either Romania or the Soviet Union. Territories cited in such proposals always include Western Moldavia and the whole of Bessarabia, as well as Bukovina and the Hertsa region; some versions also feature parts of Transylvania, while still others include areas of Podolia, or Pokuttia in its entirety. In most of its post-Soviet iterations, "Greater Moldova" is associated with a belief that Moldovans are a distinct people from Romanians, and that they inhabit parts of Romania and Ukraine. It is a marginal position within the Moldovan identity disputes, corresponding to radical forms of an ideology polemically known as "Moldovenism".
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