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Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. In contrast to genetics, which refers to the study of individual genes and their roles in inheritance, genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of all of an organism's genes, their interrelations and influence on the organism. Genes may direct the production of proteins with the assistance of enzymes and messenger molecules. In turn, proteins make up body structures such as organs and tissues as well as control chemical reactions and carry signals between cells. Genomics also involves the sequencing and analysis of genomes through uses of high throughput DNA sequencing and bioinformatics to assemble and analyze the function and structure of entire genomes. Advances in genomics have triggered a revolution in discovery-based research and systems biology to facilitate understanding of even the most complex biological systems such as the brain.
Celera is a subsidiary of Quest Diagnostics which focuses on genetic sequencing and related technologies. It was founded in 1998 as a business unit of Applera, spun off into an independent company in 2008, and finally acquired by Quest Diagnostics in 2011.
The J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) is a non-profit genomics research institute founded by J. Craig Venter, Ph.D. in October 2006. The Institute was the result of consolidating four organizations: the Center for the Advancement of Genomics, The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives, and the J. Craig Venter Science Foundation Joint Technology Center. It has facilities in Rockville, Maryland and La Jolla, California.
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Claire M. Fraser is an American genome scientist and microbiologist who has worked in microbial genomics and genome medicine. Her research has contributed to the understanding of the diversity and evolution of microbial life. Fraser is the director of the Institute for Genome Sciences at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, MD, where she holds the Dean's Endowed Professorship in the School of Medicine. She has joint faculty appointments at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the Departments of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology. In 2019, she began serving a one-year term as President-Elect for the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), which will be followed by a one-year term as AAAS president starting in February 2020 and a one-year term as chair of the Board of Directors in February 2021.
The Archon Genomics X PRIZE presented by Express Scripts for Genomics, the second X Prize offered by the X Prize Foundation, based in Playa Vista, California, was announced on October 4, 2006 stating that the prize of "$10 million will be awarded to the first team to rapidly, accurately and economically sequence 100 whole human genomes to an unprecedented level of accuracy." The 30 day evaluation phase of the competition to begin on September 5, 2013, was canceled August 22, 2013 and this cancellation was debated on March 27, 2014.
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Charles Nohuoma Rotimi is the Director of the Trans-National Institutes of Health (NIH) center for research in genomics and global health. He works to ensure that population genetics include genomes from African populations and founded the African Society of Human Genetics in 2003. Rotimi was instrumental in the launch of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) with the NIH and the Wellcome Trust. He was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2018.
Wendy Rosamund Brewster is a Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Director of the Center for Women's Health Research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project or UKCCMP is a clinician-led reporting project supported to enable tracking of cancer patients who have tested positive for COVID-19 across the United Kingdom.
Appolinaire Djikeng is a Cameroonian biologist and Professor and Chair for Tropical Agriculture and Sustainable Development and Director of the Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health at the University of Edinburgh. He was awarded the 2020 UNESCO Center for Peace Nelson Mandela Justice award in recognition of his international peace work.
References
- ↑ Stewart, Alison; Brice, Philippa; Burton, Hilary; Pharoah, Paul; Sanderson, Simon; Zimmern, Ron (2007-05-17). Genetics, Health Care and Public Policy: An Introduction to Public Health Genetics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139463294.
- ↑ "Barbara Culliton". Council for the Advancement of Science Writing. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ↑ Nesbø, Camilla L.; Doolittle, W. Ford; Andersson, Jan O. (2001-06-08). "Are There Bugs in Our Genome?". Science . 292 (5523): 1848–1850. doi:10.1126/science.1062241. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 11358998. S2CID 2804633.
- ↑ "The Institute for Genomic Research is the new publisher of the Genome News Network (GNN), which produces a lively, trusted online magazine with informed coverage of important developments in genomic research around the world". J. Craig Venter Institute (Press release). J. Craig Venter Institute. 2001-09-28. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ↑ Larkin, Marilynn (June 2001). "Setting one's sites on genomics". The Lancet Oncology . 2 (6): 390. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(00)00397-1. ISSN 1470-2045.
- ↑ Burden, Paul R. (2010-07-17). A Subject Guide to Quality Web Sites . Scarecrow Press. pp. 592. ISBN 9780810876958.
