Herbert Allen Giles was a British diplomat and sinologist who was the professor of Chinese at the University of Cambridge for 35 years. Giles was educated at Charterhouse School before becoming a British diplomat in China. He modified a Mandarin Chinese romanization system established by Thomas Wade, resulting in the widely known Wade–Giles Chinese romanization system. Among his many works were translations of the Analects of Confucius, the Lao Tzu , the Chuang Tzu, and, in 1892, the widely published A Chinese–English Dictionary.
Sinology, otherwise referred to as Chinese studies, is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."
Richard Rafe Champion de Crespigny, also known by his Chinese name Zhang Leifu, is an Australian sinologist and historian. He was an adjunct professor in the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University. He specialised in the history, geography, and literature of the Han dynasty, particularly the translation and historiography of material concerning the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period.
Lionel Giles CBE was a British sinologist, writer, and philosopher. Lionel Giles served as assistant curator at the British Museum and Keeper of the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books. He is most notable for his 1910 translations of The Art of War by Sun Tzu and The Analects of Confucius.
David Hawkes was a British sinologist and translator. After being introduced to Japanese through codebreaking during the Second World War, Hawkes studied Chinese and Japanese at Oxford University between 1945 and 1947 before studying at Peking University from 1948 to 1951. He then returned to Oxford, where he completed his D.Phil. and later became Shaw Professor of Chinese. In 1971, Hawkes resigned his position to focus entirely on his translation of the famous Chinese novel The Story of the Stone, which was published in three volumes between 1973 and 1980. He retired in 1984 to rural Wales before returning to Oxford in his final years.
Anarchism in China was a strong intellectual force in the reform and revolutionary movements in the early 20th century. In the years before and just after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty Chinese anarchists insisted that a true revolution could not be political, replacing one government with another, but had to overthrow traditional culture and create new social practices, especially in the family. "Anarchism" was translated into Chinese as 無政府主義 literally, "the doctrine of no government."
Arif Dirlik was a Turkish-American historian who published on historiography and political ideology in modern China, as well as issues in modernity, globalization, and post-colonial criticism. Dirlik received a BSc in Electrical Engineering at Robert College, Istanbul in 1964 and a PhD in History at the University of Rochester in 1973.
Feng Zikai was an influential Chinese painter, pioneering manhua (漫画) artist, essayist, and lay Buddhist of 20th-century China. Born just after the First Sino-Japanese War and dying just before the end of the Cultural Revolution, he lived through much of the political and socioeconomic turmoil during the birth of modern China. Much of his literary and artistic work comments on and records the relationship between the changing political landscape and ordinary people's daily lives. Although most famous for his paintings depicting children and the multi-volume collection of Buddhist-inspired art Paintings for the Preservation of Life (护生画集), Feng was a prolific artist, writer, and intellectual who made strides in the fields of music, art, literature, philosophy, and translation.
John Minford is a British sinologist and literary translator. He is primarily known for his translation of Chinese classics such as 40 chapters of The Story of the Stone, The Art of War, the I Ching and the Tao Te Ching. He has also translated Louis Cha's wuxia novel The Deer and the Cauldron and a selection of Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio.
The sprouts of capitalism, seeds of capitalism or capitalist sprouts are features of the economy of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties that mainland Chinese historians have seen as resembling developments in pre-industrial Europe, and as precursors of a hypothetical indigenous development of industrial capitalism. Korean nationalist historiography has also adopted the idea. In China the sprouts theory was denounced during the Cultural Revolution, but saw renewed interest after the economy began to grow rapidly in the 1980s.
Charles Patrick Fitzgerald was a British historian and writer whose academic career occurred mostly in Australia. He was a professor of East Asian studies with particular focus on China.
Linda Jaivin is an American-born Australian sinologist and novelist.
Benjamin David Penny is an Australian academic specialising in religious and spiritual movements in modern and contemporary China. He is a Harold White Fellow at the National Library of Australia.
Yu Feng was a Chinese painter, cartoonist, and fashion designer. She and Liang Baibo were China's first female cartoonists. Her husband was the artist Huang Miaozi.
Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits, alternatively translated as Obliterate All Ox Demons and Snake Spirits, Sweep Away All Ox-ghosts and Snake-spirits, is an editorial published by the People's Daily on June 1, 1966, calling on the masses to rise up and "sweep away all cow demons and snake spirits".
Lo Hui-min was a Chinese and Australian historian of the late Qing and Republican periods, best-known for his work on George Ernest Morrison and Ku Hung-ming.
The George Ernest Morrison Lecture in Ethnology is given annually at the Australian National University in honour of George Ernest Morrison. The Lectures, founded by the Chinese community in Australia "to honour for all time the great Australian who rendered valuable service to China" were also, in the words of Geremie Barmé "related to Chinese-Australian resistance to White Australia policy, reflecting also the alarm and outrage resulting from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931." Several of the older lectures were reprinted in 1996 by East Asian History.
East Asian History is a biannual peer-reviewed open-access academic journal published by the Australian National University. It was established in 1970 as Papers on Far Eastern History, obtaining its current title in 1991. Published by ANU's Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, it was part of a growth in publication on Asian studies in Australia in the 1970s. Originally "founded as a forum for the publication of papers written by the faculty and students of Australian National University" affiliates of ANU continued to "represent the large majority of its contributors, although over the years there have been increasing contributions from scholars from other universities in Australia and abroad." Chinese History: A Manual included the journal as one of the main Western-language journals for research on Chinese history.
Fang Chao-ying 房兆楹 was a China-born American Sinologist, bibliographer, and historian of China best known for the contributions he and his wife, Tu Lien-che made to the biographical dictionaries Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1943) and Ming Biographical Dictionary (1976). He spent his professional career primarily at libraries and universities in the United States.
(age 69)