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Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and Togo in the east. Ghana covers an area of 238,535 km2 (92,099 sq mi), spanning diverse biomes that range from coastal savannas to tropical rainforests. With over 32 million inhabitants, Ghana is the second-most populous country in West Africa, after Nigeria. The capital and largest city is Accra; other major cities are Kumasi, Tamale, and Sekondi-Takoradi.
. The empire became known in Europe and Arabia as the Ghana Empire after the title of its Emperor, the Ghana. The empire appears to have broken up following the 1076 conquest by the Almoravid General Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar. A reduced kingdom continued to exist after Almoravid rule ended, and the kingdom was later incorporated into subsequent Sahelian empires, such as the Mali Empire several centuries later. Geographically, the ancient Ghana Empire was approximately 500 miles (800 km) north and west of the modern state of Ghana, and controlled territories in the area of the Sénégal River and east towards the Niger rivers, in modern Senegal, Mauritania and Mali.
The Caribbean Community is an intergovernmental organisation that is a political and economic union of 15 member states throughout the Americas and Atlantic Ocean. They have primary objectives to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973, with its four founding members signing the Treaty of Chaguaramas. Its primary activities involve:
The National Education Association (NEA) is the largest labor union in the United States. It represents public school teachers and other support personnel, faculty and staffers at colleges and universities, retired educators, and college students preparing to become teachers. The NEA has just under 3 million members and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. The NEA had a budget of more than $341 million for the 2012–2013 fiscal year. Becky Pringle is the NEA's current president.
The NASUWT is a TUC and ICTU -affiliated trade union representing teachers, including headteachers, throughout the United Kingdom.
The Erasmus Programme is a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987. Erasmus+, or Erasmus Plus, is the new programme combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport, which was started in January 2014.
The Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) was a trade union, teachers' union and professional association, affiliated to the Trades Union Congress, in the United Kingdom representing educators from nursery and primary education to further education. In March 2017, ATL members endorsed a proposed merger with the National Union of Teachers to form a new union known as the National Education Union, which came into existence on 1 September 2017. At that time, approximately 120,000 individuals belonged to the union, making it the third largest teaching and education union in the UK. ATL had members throughout England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, and British Service schools overseas.
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Before the arrival of European settlers, who introduced a formal education system addressed to the elites, education in Ghana was mainly informal and based on apprenticeship. Economic activities in pre-colonial Ghana were based on farm produce shared within households and members of each household specialized in providing necessities such as cooking utilities, shelter, clothing, and furniture, and trade with other households was therefore practiced on a very small scale. As such there was no need for employment outside the household that would have otherwise called for disciplines, values, and skills through a formal education system. After colonization, Ghana's economy became a hybrid of subsistence and formal economy.
Trade unions in Ghana first emerged in the 1920s and played an important role in the country's economy and politics ever since.
The National Association of Schoolmasters (NAS) was a trade union representing male schoolteachers in the United Kingdom.
Alan John Kwadwo Kyeremateng is a Ghanaian politician and an International diplomat. He served as the Minister for Trade and Industry from 2017 to 2023. Kyerematen was Ghana's Ambassador to the United States and later Minister of Trade and Industry, Private Sector Development (PSD) and Presidential Special Initiatives (PSI) during Former President John Agyekum Kuffuor's tenure of office. Kyerematen served as a trade advisor at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where he coordinated the African Trade Policy Centre (ATPC).
The Ghana Trades Union Congress is a national centre that unites various workers' organizations in Ghana. The organization was established in 1945.
The Public Services Workers' Union (PSWU) is a trade union representing public sector workers in Ghana.
The Communications Workers' Union is a trade union representing workers in the postal and telecommunication sectors in Ghana.
The Teachers' and Educational Workers' Union (TEWU) is a trade union representing workers in the education sector in Ghana.
The General Agricultural Workers' Union (GAWU) is a trade union representing workers in the agriculture sector in Ghana.
The Public Utilities Workers' Union (PUWU) is a trade union representing utility workers in Ghana.
The National Union of Seamen, Ports and Allied Workers (NUSPAW) is a trade union representing seafarers in Ghana.
The Ghana Union of Teachers (GUT) was a trade union representing lower-paid schoolteachers in Ghana.
References
- ↑ Amoako, Samuel (2014). "Teaching and Labor: Teacher Unionism in Ghana, 1931–1966". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 47 (1).
- ↑ Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in Ghana. Ghana Trade Union Congress. 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- ↑ "Labour Market Profile 2020: Ghana" (PDF). Danish Trade Union Development Agency. Retrieved 8 July 2021.