Ghayrah (Arabic : غَيْرَة; sometimes transliterated as ghayra, ghira, gheerah or gheera) is an Arabic word that encompasses the concept of a person's dislike or displeasure over someone else sharing a right or privilege that belongs to them. It carries a sense of earnest concern or zeal and can be seen as a form of protective jealousy. For a Muslim, ghayrah refers to the uneasiness in their heart that motivates them to protect their family from indecency and maintain their dignity.[ citation needed ]
The term is based[ citation needed ] on the following Quran verses:
"Men are the protectors and maintainers of women."
"Oh you who believe, Protect yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is men and stones."
A man who lacks ghayrah is known as a dayyuth (Arabic : دَيُّوث). Being a dayyuth is a major sin and a description of what is deemed an evil characteristic can be found in Islamic scholar Al-Dhahabi's book, Major Sins (Al-Kaba'ir). Muhammad and his companions were known to have very strong ghayrah. [1] It is claimed that the concept of ghayrah is the source of honor killings in the Islamic world, although Islam forbids such practices. [2] [3] [4]
As it is a Muslim man's role as the guardian of his family, he is responsible for those in his custody and it is his duty to observe the conduct of his wife and children. However, if he becomes overly suspicious or paranoid and exceeds the acceptable standards of supervision, then this type of ghayrah is not allowed and he should cease such behaviors. [5] For conservative Muslims, the enforcement of the wearing of the hijab by a Muslim man's wife and daughters [6] [7] and the prevention of the free mingling between the sexes for those under a Muslim man's guardianship are necessary actions under the concept of ghayrah to preserving one's honor. [6]
Hans Wehr's Arabic dictionary defines ghayrah as: jealously; zeal, fervor, earnest concern, vigilant care, solicitude (على for); sense of honor, self-respect. It can be defined as a person's dislike of another's sharing in a right (which belongs to the former).
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