The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946,when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum and a constituent assembly was elected to draft a constitution,which was promulgated on 1 January 1948.
The politics of Malta takes place within a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic,whereby the President of Malta is the constitutional head of state. Executive Authority is vested in the President of Malta with the general direction and control of the Government of Malta remaining with the Prime Minister of Malta who is the head of government and the cabinet. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Malta which consists of the President of Malta and the unicameral House of Representatives of Malta with the Speaker presiding officer of the legislative body. Judicial power remains with the Chief Justice and the Judiciary of Malta. Since Independence,the party electoral system has been dominated by the Christian democratic Nationalist Party and the social democratic Labour Party.
Giuliano Amato is an Italian politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Italy,first from 1992 to 1993 and again from 2000 to 2001.
The Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic is the highest court of Italy in matters of constitutional law. Sometimes,the name Consulta is used as a metonym for it,because its sessions are held in Palazzo della Consulta in Rome.
The president of Italy,officially denoted as President of the Italian Republic,is the head of state of Italy. In that role,the president represents national unity,and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. A president's term of office lasts for seven years. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella,who was elected on 31 January 2015,and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
Giovanni Battista Conso was an Italian jurist who served on the Constitutional Court of Italy for nine years beginning in 1982,and has served as President of the Accademia dei Lincei from 1989 until his death in 2015.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the Kingdom of Spain. Originally established pursuant to Title V of the Constitution of 1812 to replace —in all matters that affected justice—the System of Councils,and currently regulated by Title VI of the Constitution of 1978,it has original jurisdiction over cases against high-ranking officials of the Kingdom and over cases regarding illegalization of political parties. It also has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all cases. The Court has the power of judicial review,except for the judicial revision on constitutional matters,reserved to the Constitutional Court.
Sergio Mattarella is an Italian politician,jurist,academic and lawyer who has served as the president of Italy since 2015.
Paola Severino is an Italian lawyer,academic and politician.
Pietro Grasso,also known as Piero Grasso,is an Italian anti-mafia magistrate and politician who served as President of the Senate from 2013 to 2018.
Marta Cartabia is an Italian jurist and academic who has been serving as Minister of Justice in the government of Prime Minister Mario Draghi since 2021.
Mario Rosario Morelli is an Italian judge. He was Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy between 12 December 2011 and 12 December 2020,and served as its president from 16 September 2020.
The High Council of the Judiciary is an Italian institution of constitutional importance,which regulates the Ordinary Judiciary of Italy. The High Council is based in the Palazzo dei Marescialli,in Piazza Indipendenza 6.
Enrique de Jesús Gil Botero is a Colombian politician and lawyer,who was a Magistrate of the State Council,rapporteur of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights,and a specialist in Administrative and Constitutional Law.
The president of the Constitutional Court of Spain is the head of the Constitutional Court,the highest body with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts of the Spanish central and regional governments. It is defined in Part IX of the Constitution of Spain,and further governed by Organic Laws 2/1979. The court is the "supreme interpreter" of the Constitution,but since the court is not a part of the Spanish Judiciary,the Supreme Court is the highest court for all judicial matters.
Carlos Lesmes Serrano is a Spanish magistrate and prosecutor serving as President of the Supreme Court and President of the General Council of the Judiciary (CGPJ). Since December 2018,he serves in acting capacity in both posts,as his mandate expired at the time and the renovation of the CGPJ is blocked from then on. He is seen as a Conservative jurist with a religious background.
The National Board of Justice,formerly the National Council of the Magistrature,is an autonomous constitutional institution that is part of the Republic of Peru. Its primary function is to appoint and ratify all judges and prosecutors in the Peruvian justice system as well as to remove those that fail to fulfill their responsibilities.
The 2022 Italian presidential election was held in Rome between 24 and 29 January 2022. The president of Italy was elected by a joint assembly composed of the Italian Parliament and regional representatives. The election process extended over multiple days,culminating in incumbent president Sergio Mattarella being confirmed for a second term,with a total of 759 votes on the eighth ballot. This was the second most votes ever received by a presidential candidate. Mattarella became the second president to be re-elected,his predecessor Giorgio Napolitano being the first.
Angelo Buscema is an Italian magistrate and academic.
A five-part abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 12 June 2022. Voters were asked to decide on the repeal of five articles or decrees relating to the functioning of the Italian judicial system. Each of the five questions was submitted by nine Italian regions,all governed by the centre-right coalition.
