Gidabo River

Gidabo River
Country	Ethiopia
Physical characteristics
Main source	~3,200 m (10,500 ft)
River mouth	Lake Abaya ; at 1,175 m elevation; 6°33′N38°03′E / 6.55°N 38.05°E Coordinates: 6°33′N38°03′E / 6.55°N 38.05°E
Length	~120 km (75 mi)
Discharge	Average rate:; 11.08 m3/s (391 cu ft/s);
Basin features
Basin size	~3,302 km2 (1,275 sq mi)

Last updated April 04, 2019

The Gidabo River is a medium-sized perennial river of south-central Ethiopia within the Great Rift Valley. The Gidabo River catchment area is one of the leading coffee production areas in Ethiopia.

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country in the northeastern part of Africa, popularly known as the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, and Somalia to the east, Sudan to the northwest, South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With over 102 million inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent that covers a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres (420,000 sq mi). Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa, which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate.

The Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia, is a branch of the East African Rift that runs through Ethiopia in a southwest direction from the Afar Triple Junction. In the past, it was seen as part of a "Great Rift Valley" that ran from Mozambique to Syria.

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain Coffea species. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are C. arabica and C. robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and then brewed with near-boiling water to produce the beverage known as coffee.

Course

It is one of three medium-sized rivers discharging into Lake Abaya. The roughly 120 km long river rises on the western slopes of the Soka Sonicha mountain range (with the most prominent being the Gelala mountain) at 6°48′N38°36′E / 6.8°N 38.6°E / 6.8; 38.6 , flows west first and then for most of its course southwards along the eastern floor of the Great Rift Valley and through the Sidama Zone. It passes the notable town of Yrga Alem. The river turns westward when entering the Gidabo flood plains directly east of Lake Abaya. It finally drains into Lake Abaya at 6°34′N38°03′E / 6.56°N 38.05°E / 6.56; 38.05 .

Lake Abaya is a lake in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. It is located in the Main Ethiopian Rift, east of the Guge Mountains.

Sidama Zone is a zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. It is named for the Sidama people, whose homeland is in the zone. Sidama is bordered on the south by the Oromia Region, on the west by the Bilate River, which separates it from Wolayita zone, and on the north and east by the Oromia Region. Towns in Sidama include Hawassa,the capital of Sidama and SNNPRS, Yirgalem and Wendo. Sidama has a population of around 3.2 million in 2017 who speak the Cushitic language Sidama.

Irgalem is a town in southern Ethiopia. Located 260 kilometers south of Addis Ababa and 40 kilometers south of Awasa in the Sidama Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, the town has a latitude and longitude of 6°45′N38°25′E and an elevation of 1776 meters. It is the largest settlement in Dale woreda.

In the flood plains and along the final stretch of the river it defines the southern border of the Sidama Zone through which it flows for most of its length. The town of Dilla is the most prominent town in the catchment area of the river. Another town in the catchment area is Aleta Wendo.

Dilla is a market town and separate woreda in southern Ethiopia. The administrative center of the Gedeo Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR), it is located on the main road from Addis Ababa to Nairobi. The town has a longitude and latitude of 6°24′30″N38°18′30″E, with an elevation of 1570 meters above sea level. It was part of Wenago woreda and is currently surrounded by Dila Zuria woreda.

Aleta Wendo is a town in southern Ethiopia. Located in a fertile and forested area near Lake Abaya in the upper Gidabo River basin, not far from the sources of the Ganale Dorya and Dawa Rivers in the Sidama Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region, this town has a longitude and latitude of 6°36′N38°25′E with an elevation of 2037 meters above sea level. It is administrative center of Aleta Wendo woreda.

Water flow

The river is not navigable and it has no notable tributaries, but the River basin contains a sizable number of ~97 small rivers and streams in three sub-basins. The average annual discharge at its mouth amounts to 11 m³/s, with peak discharges reaching ~40 m³/s in spring and autumn, while in summer and winter the discharge can drop to 2-3 m³/s. A special feature of the Gidabo catchment area is the existence of a large number of springs, which can be used as groundwater sources for agriculture even during the summer and winter dry seasons.

Gidabo dam

17 kilometers by road west of Dilla, where the river turns westward before entering its flood plains and marshes, the Gidabo dam, a 21.3 meter high and 350 m wide earth fill embankment dam is used for flood control and for irrigation purposes of an area of 27 km² downstream as well as for fish production. The storage volume of the dam reservoir amounts to 0.063 km³. The construction of this dam took eight years because of unexpected settlement processes during construction (among other issues) which required to change the dam design and storage volume.^[1]

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References

↑ "Gidabo Dam Nears Fruition". Addis Fortune. 2018-02-03. Retrieved 2018-02-06.

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[1] "Gidabo Dam Nears Fruition". Addis Fortune. 2018-02-03. Retrieved 2018-02-06.