General Gilles Andriamahazo (5 May 1919 –13 September 1989) was a Malagasy general and political figure. He served as the head of state of Madagascar ( Chairman of the National Military Leadership Committee ) between 12 February and 15 June 1975.
Born in Fort Dauphin,Anosy Region on 13 May [1] 1919,he followed a military career. During World War II Andriamahazo served in the French Army and participated in the French military campaign against Algerian nationalists in the 1950s. He retired as an army officer in 1976. [2]
He was the successor of Richard Ratsimandrava after the latter's assassination. He served as head of state from 12 February to 15 June 1975,when he resigned in favour of Didier Ratsiraka. He is widely credited with having prevented an outbreak of civil war during the tension that followed Colonel Ratsimandrava's assassination. [2] He died of a heart attack at the age of 70,on 14 September 1989. [2]
A mercenary,also called a merc,soldier of fortune or hired gun,is a private individual who joins an armed conflict for personal profit,is otherwise an outsider to the conflict,and is not a member of any other official military. Mercenaries fight for money or other forms of payment rather than for political interests.
Jean-Baptiste Kléber was a French military leader of the French Revolutionary Wars. After serving for one year in the French Royal Army,he entered Habsburg service seven years later. However,his plebeian ancestry hindered his opportunities. Eventually,he volunteered for the French Revolutionary Army in 1792 and quickly rose through the ranks.
Operation Condor was a United States-backed campaign of political repression and state terrorism,involving intelligence operations,CIA-backed coups,as well as assassinations of left-wing leaders in South America which formally existed from 1975 to 1983. Operation Condor was officially and formally implemented in November 1975 by the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America.
Ziaur Rahman was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 1977 until his assassination. He was the founder of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and served as its chairman until his assassination. He previously served as the second chief of army staff from 1975 to 1978 with a minor break.
Murtala Ramat Muhammed;8 November 1938 –13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled over Nigeria from 29 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 February 1976. This period in Nigerian history,from the Northern counter-coup victory to Murtala's death,is commonly associated with the institutionalization of the military in politics.
Major-General Chaim Herzog was an Israeli politician,general,lawyer and author who served as the sixth President of Israel between 1983 and 1993. Born in Belfast and raised primarily in Dublin,the son of Ireland's Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog,he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1935 and served in the Haganah Jewish paramilitary group during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt. He returned to Palestine after the war and,following the end of the British Mandate and Israel's Declaration of Independence in 1948,fought in the Battles of Latrun during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. He retired from the Israel Defence Forces in 1962 with the rank of major-general.
Colonel Richard Ratsimandrava was a Malagasy politician and soldier who served as the head of state of Madagascar for six days in February 1975 before his assassination in office.
Hussain Muhammad Ershad was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the president of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990,a time many consider to have been a military dictatorship.
João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was a Bissau-Guinean politician who served as President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999,except for a three-day period in May 1984,and from 2005 until his assassination in 2009.
Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane was a top Comorian politician. He was a member of the French Senate from 1959 to 1973,and President of the Comoros from 25 October 1978 until his assassination in 1989.
The Allies,or the Entente Powers,were an international military coalition of countries led by France,the United Kingdom,Russia,the United States,Italy,and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany,Austria-Hungary,the Ottoman Empire,and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
Muhammad Hussein Tantawi Soliman was an Egyptian field marshal and politician. He was the commander-in-chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces and,as chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces,was the de facto head of state from the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak on 11 February 2011 until the inauguration of Mohamed Morsi as president of Egypt on 30 June 2012.
Bangladesh has undergone several changes of government since its independence. Between the first recorded uprising in August 1975 and the last known attempt in December 2011,Bangladesh has been through as many as 29 military Coups.
Harry Hill Bandholtz was a United States Army career officer who served for more than a decade in the Philippines. He was a major general during World War I,and the US representative of the Inter-Allied Military Mission in Hungary in 1919.
The Malagasy Republic was a state situated in Southeast Africa. It was established in 1958 as an autonomous republic within the newly created French Community,became fully independent in 1960,and existed until the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar in 1975.
František Moravec CBE was the chief Czechoslovak military intelligence officer before and during World War II. He moved to the United States after the war.
Augusto JoséRamón Pinochet Ugarte was a Chilean military officer and politician who served as Chile's head of state under various titles from 1973 to 1990,first as the leader of the Military Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981,being declared President of the Republic by the junta in 1974 and becoming the de facto dictator of Chile,and from 1981 to 1990 as de jure president after a new constitution,which confirmed him in the office,was approved by a referendum in 1980. His rule remains the longest of any Chilean leader.
Lieutenant General Edward Kenneth Smart,was a career officer in the Australian Army,and subsequently a diplomat.
Jamil Al Sayyed is a Lebanese politician,a current Member of the Parliament of Lebanon,and the former head of Lebanon's SuretéGénérale or Lebanese General Security Directorate. He was detained according to a law he drafted himself,and released after four years,from 2005 to 2009 due to his alleged involvement in the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri. He was released on 29 April 2009 due to "inconsistencies in the statements of key witnesses and of a lack of corroborative evidence to support these statements and to the fact that some witnesses had modified their statements and one key witness had expressly retracted his original statement incriminating the persons detained". On August 18,2020,The Special Tribunal for Lebanon declared officially in his final judgment on Hariri assassination case that Jamil Sayyed was illegally detained for four years by violation of the international law,and that the United Nations (UN) should compensate him and apologize publicly for his illegal detention,and that the Lebanese authorities should do the same. He was never charged with a crime. He is also a recipient of many International orders and decorations,notably the French Légion d'Honneur,at the grade of “Commandeur”.
The military career of Audie Murphy encompassed two separate careers. His U. S. Army service covered nine World War II campaigns fought by the 3rd Infantry Division:Tunisia,Sicily,Naples-Foggia,Anzio,Rome-Arno,Southern France,Ardennes-Alsace,Rhineland and Central Europe. He lied about his age to enlist in the United States Army in 1942. Before his 20th birthday he had earned every Army combat award for valor available during his period of service and had risen to the rank of first lieutenant. On the day he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his January 1945 actions at the Colmar Pocket in France,he was considered to be America's most decorated World War II soldier and received national recognition as such when Life magazine made him their cover story.
Malagasy Republic (1958–75) | ||
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Democratic Republic of Madagascar (1975–92) | ||
Third Republic of Madagascar (1992–2010) | ||
High Transitional Authority (2009–2014) | ||
Fourth Republic of Madagascar (2014–present) | ||
* Acting |