Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament,which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Marc Ravalomanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixth President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009. Born into a farming Merina family in Imerinkasinina,near the capital city of Antananarivo,Ravalomanana first rose to prominence as the founder and CEO of the vast dairy conglomerate TIKO,later launching successful wholesaler MAGRO and several additional companies.
Madagascar elects on the national level a head of state –the president –and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people,by absolute majority through a two-round system. The Parliament has two chambers. The National Assembly has 151 members,elected for a five-year term in single-member and two-member constituencies. In single-member constituencies,representatives are elected by simple majority,in the two-member constituencies,closed party lists are used,with the two seats distributed using a highest averages method. The Senate (Sénat) has 33 members,22 members elected by the regions by provincial electors,and 11 members appointed by the president,all for 5 year terms.
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a Malagasy-French politician and businessman who has served as president of Madagascar since 2023. He previously served as president from 2019 to 2023,and was president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup,having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena,Rajoelina was involved in the private sector,including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17,2009,as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina,who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military,which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
General elections were held in Madagascar on 20 December 2013,following a first round of presidential elections on 25 October. The presidential elections in December were a runoff between Jean Louis Robinson and Hery Rajaonarimampianina,the top two candidates to emerge from the first round of voting in October. The official results of the second round were announced on 7 January 2014 with Rajaonarimampianina proclaimed the victor with nearly 54% of the vote.
Jean Omer Beriziky is a Malagasy politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Madagascar in the government of consensus of President Andry Rajoelina from 2011 to 2014.
Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina Rakotoarimanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the seventh President of Madagascar from 2014 to 2018,resigning to run for re-election.
Kolo Christopher Laurent Roger,commonly known as Roger Kolo,was Prime Minister of Madagascar from April 2014 to January 2015.
Lieutenant General Herilanto Raveloharison is a Malagasy magistrate,politician and military officer. He served as the Minister for Economy and Strategic Planning from April 2014,under Prime Minister Roger Kolo to June 2018 when he was succeeded by Professor Marcel Napetoke under Christian Ntsay government.
The Vanilla Alliance is an airline alliance formed in September 2015. The alliance is the fourth largest in the world as of 2018,trailing Oneworld,Star Alliance,and SkyTeam. All of the airlines within the alliance operate in the Indian Ocean region and are based in sovereign states that are members of the Indian Ocean Commission or French overseas territories in the Indian Ocean.
Canada–Madagascar relations are foreign relations between Canada and Madagascar. Both countries are full members of the Francophonie,United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
Guy Célin Rivoniaina Randrianarisoa,often known as Guy Rivo Randrianarisoa,is a Malagasy businessman and politician. In February 2009,he was appointed Mayor of Antananarivo by President Marc Ravalomanana to replace Andry Rajoelina,who was removed from the office after declaring himself the leader of Madagascar. Since 2014,he has served as a member of the National Assembly.
Voahangy Rajaonarimampianina is a Malagasy public figure who held the position of First Lady of Madagascar from 2014 to 2018. She is the wife of former Madagascar president,Hery Rajaonarimampianina.
Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 7 November. As no candidate received a majority of the vote,a second round involving the top two candidates,Andry Rajoelina and Marc Ravalomanana,was held on 19 December. On 27 December Rajoelina was announced as the winner with 56% of the vote.
Events in the year 2018 in Madagascar.
Christian Louis Ntsay is a Malagasy politician who is serving as the prime minister of Madagascar since 2018. He was appointed by President Hery Rajaonarimampianina following Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana’s resignation due to widespread protests throughout the country. Ntsay is considered a technocrat and has worked for the United Nations.
Minister of Economy and Finance is the person in charge of the Ministry of Economy and Finance of Madagascar.
Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Madagascar on 9 November 2023,with a second round on 20 December if required. On 12 October 2023,it was announced that the election would be postponed by one week to 16 November because of pre-election unrest.
Herimanana Razafimahefa is a Malagasy politician who served as President of the Senate of Madagascar from January 2021 to October 2023,succeeding Rivo Rakotovao. He was previously a senator representing Antananarivo,and ran unopposed for the president of the senate position.
