Madagascar,officially the Republic of Madagascar,is an island country comprising the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa,it is the world's fourth largest island,the second-largest island country and the 46th largest country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Antananarivo.
Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament,which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Marc Ravalomanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixth President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009. Born into a farming Merina family in Imerinkasinina,near the capital city of Antananarivo,Ravalomanana first rose to prominence as the founder and CEO of the vast dairy conglomerate TIKO,later launching successful wholesaler MAGRO and several additional companies.
Jacques Hugues Sylla was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar under President Marc Ravalomanana from February 2002 to January 2007. He subsequently served as the President of the National Assembly of Madagascar from October 2007 to March 2009.
The Senate is the upper chamber of the bicameral Parliament of Madagascar. The Senate has 18 members:12 are indirectly elected,one from each of the 22 regions of Madagascar,and 6 are appointed by the President.
Guy Rajemison Rakotomaharo is a Malagasy politician who was appointed as vice-president of Madagascar in September 2009. Previously he was President of the Senate of Madagascar from 2002 to 2008 and Permanent Representative to the United Nations Office at Geneva beginning in 2008.
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a Malagasy-French politician and businessman who has served as president of Madagascar since 2023. He previously served as president from 2019 to 2023,and was president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup,having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena,Rajoelina was involved in the private sector,including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
The 2009 Malagasy political crisis began on 26 January 2009 with the political opposition movement led by Antananarivo mayor Andry Rajoelina,which sought to oust President Marc Ravalomanana from the presidency. The crisis reached its climax in the 2009 Malagasy coup d'état when Andry Rajoelina was declared the president of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar on 21 March 2009,five days after Ravalomanana transferred his power to a military council and fled to South Africa.
Monja Roindefo Zafitsimivalo is a Malagasy politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from March 2009 to October 2009. He was appointed on 7 February 2009 by opposition leader Andry Rajoelina at the head of Rajoelina's rival government;later,on 17 March,Andry Rajoelina was installed in power by the military,and Monja Roindefo officially took over as Prime Minister.
General elections were held in Madagascar on 20 December 2013,following a first round of presidential elections on 25 October. The presidential elections in December were a runoff between Jean Louis Robinson and Hery Rajaonarimampianina,the top two candidates to emerge from the first round of voting in October. The official results of the second round were announced on 7 January 2014 with Rajaonarimampianina proclaimed the victor with nearly 54% of the vote.
A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010,in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution,which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum,Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT),an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009.
China–Madagascar relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Madagascar. China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6,1972. China has an embassy in Antananarivo and Madagascar has an embassy in Beijing.
First Lady of Madagascar is the title attributed to the wife of the president of Madagascar. The country's current first lady is Mialy Rajoelina,wife of President Andry Rajoelina,who had held the position since December 16,2023. There has been no first gentlemen of Madagascar to date.
Christian Louis Ntsay is a Malagasy politician who is serving as the prime minister of Madagascar since 2018. He was appointed by President Hery Rajaonarimampianina following Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana’s resignation due to widespread protests throughout the country. Ntsay is considered a technocrat and has worked for the United Nations.
Rivo Rakotovao is a Malagasy politician who served as acting President of Madagascar from 2018 to 2019. Rakotovao also had served as President of the Senate of Madagascar from 2017 to 2021.
Covid-Organics (CVO) is an Artemisia-based drink that Andry Rajoelina,president of Madagascar,claims can prevent and cure Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The drink is produced from a species under the Artemisia genus from which artemisinin is extracted for malaria treatment. No publicly available clinical trial data supports the safety or efficacy of this drink.
Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Madagascar on 9 November 2023,with a second round on 20 December if required. On 12 October 2023,it was announced that the election would be postponed by one week to 16 November because of pre-election unrest.
The Ntsay government has governed Madagascar since 4 June 2018. It was formed by Prime Minister Christian Ntsay. Since incumbent president Andry Rajoelina resigned to run for the presidency in 2023,according to the Constitution,the Council of Ministers led by Ntsay has temporarily exercised presidential authority.
Events in the year 2019 in Madagascar.
Richard Ravalomanana is a Malagasy politician and former military officer who has served as president of the Senate of Madagascar since 2023. He briefly served as acting president of Madagascar in 2023 during the reelection of Andry Rajoelina. Some media outlets have said that he is a collaborator of Rajoelina.
