Roberto Formigoni is an Italian politician. He was the president of Lombardy from 1995 to 2013. He is the former unofficial political spokesperson of the Communion and Liberation movement. On 21 February 2019,the Supreme Court of Cassation,the highest court in Italy,found him guilty of corruption and sentenced him to a definitive jail term of 5 years and 10 months. As a result,he has been detained in the prison of Bollate,near Milan,Italy,since February 2019.
The Piazza Fontana bombing was a terrorist attack that occurred on 12 December 1969 when a bomb exploded at the headquarters of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura in Piazza Fontana in Milan,Italy,killing 17 people and wounding 88. The same afternoon,three more bombs were detonated in Rome and Milan,and another was found unexploded. The attack was carried out by the far-right,neo-fascist paramilitary terrorist group Ordine Nuovo and possibly certain undetermined collaborators.
Marcello Dell'Utri is a former Italian politician and senior advisor to Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Formerly a senator in the Italian Senate,Dell'Utri has been found guilty of tax fraud,false accounting,and complicity in conspiracy with the Sicilian Mafia;the conviction for the last charge has been upheld on 9 May 2014 by the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation which sentenced Dell'Utri to seven years in prison. The conviction is final and cannot be further appealed. The third criminal section of Palermo's Appellate Court declared Dell'Utri a fugitive in May 2014,when it was discovered he had fled the country ahead of the final court decision. After being detained in Lebanon,on 13 June 2014 Dell'Utri was extradited to Italy,where he served 4 years of imprisonment and 1 year of house arrest. He has been further sentenced in April 2018 to 12 years due to the State-Mafia Pact.
Trials and allegations involving Silvio Berlusconi have been extensive and include abuse of office,bribery and corruption of police officers,judges and politicians,collusion,defamation,embezzlement,extortion,false accounting,mafia,money laundering,perjury,tax fraud,underage prostitution influence and witness tampering.
Salvatore "Totò" Cuffaro is a former Italian politician and former President of Sicily. He has served an almost 5-year jail sentence for aiding Cosa Nostra. He has earned the nickname Vasa Vasa for his tendency to kiss all and sundry;he says that he has kissed a quarter of all the people on the island.
Luciano Moggi is a former Italian association football administrator and convicted fraudster. He was a club executive for Roma,Lazio,Torino,Napoli,and Juventus,leading them to win six leagues,three Coppa Italia,five Supercoppa Italiana,one UEFA Champions League,one Intercontinental Cup,one UEFA Super Cup,and one Intertoto Cup,as well as winning one UEFA Cup with Napoli. He has since become a freelance journalist and commentator.
Calciopoli was a sports scandal in Italy's top professional association football league Serie A and to a lesser extent Serie B. Involving various clubs and numerous executives,both from the same clubs and from the main Italian football bodies,as well as some referees and referee assistants,the scandal was uncovered in May 2006,when a number of telephone tappings showed relations between clubs' executives and referee organizations during the football seasons of 2004–05 and 2005–06,being accused of selecting favourable referees. This implicated league champions Juventus and several other clubs,including Fiorentina,Lazio,Milan,and Reggina. In July 2006,Juventus was stripped of the 2004–05 Serie A title,which was left unassigned,and was downgraded to last place in the 2005–06 Serie A,as the title was subsequently awarded to Inter Milan,and relegated to Serie B. In July 2006,the Italy national football team won the 2006 FIFA World Cup,beating the France national football team 5–3 in a penalty shoot-out following a 1–1 draw at the conclusion of extra time;eight Juventus players were on the football pitch in the 2006 FIFA World Cup final,five for Italy and three for France. Many prison sentences were handed out to sporting directors and referees but all were acquitted in 2015,after almost a decade of investigation,due to the expiration of the statute of limitations,except for a one-year sentence confirmed to referee Massimo De Santis.
Calisto Tanzi was an Italian businessman and convicted fraudster. He founded Parmalat in 1961,after dropping out of college. Parmalat collapsed in 2003 with a €14bn hole in its accounts in what remains Europe's biggest bankruptcy. In 2008 Tanzi was found to have embezzled an estimated €800 million from the company,and was jailed for fraud. Although sentenced to up to 18 years in prison,Tanzi served just over two years in jail and then was placed under house arrest.
Lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender (LGBT) rights in Italy significantly advanced in the 21st century,although LGBT people still face various legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. According to ILGA-Europe's 2021 report,the status of LGBT rights in Italy is the worst among Western European countries –such as still not recognizing same-sex marriage,lacking nationwide discrimination protections for goods and services,as well as not granting to same-sex couples parental rights,such as adoption and IVF.
Pietro Valpreda was an Italian anarchist,poet,dancer and novelist.
In Italy,the phrase Years of Lead refers to a period of social turmoil,political violence and upheaval that lasted from the late 1960s until the late 1980s,marked by a wave of both far-left and far-right incidents of political terrorism and violent clashes.
Prostitution in Italy,defined as the exchange of sexual acts for money,is legal,although organized prostitution,whether indoors in brothels or controlled by third parties,is prohibited. Brothels were banned in 1958. A euphemism often used to refer to street prostitutes in Italy is Lucciole,while escorts are referred to as Squillo.
Giovanni "Gianni" Alemanno is an Italian politician who from April 2008 until June 2013 was mayor of Rome for The People of Freedom. He was the secretary of the National Movement for Sovereignty from 2017 to 2019.
Raffaele Fitto is an Italian politician and a member of the European Parliament. He is serving as the minister of European affairs in the Meloni Cabinet since 2022.
Giuseppe Povia,better known just as Povia,is an Italian rock singer-songwriter.
Smoking in Italy has been banned in public places including bars,restaurants,discotheques and offices since 2005. A majority of Italians supported the ban at the time it was first implemented,but there was a lack of support from smokers and some bar owners. 5% of bar and restaurant owners immediately introduced separate smoking rooms.
Corruption in Italy is a major problem. In Transparency International's annual surveys,Italy has consistently been regarded as one of the most corrupt countries in the Eurozone. Political corruption remains a major problem particularly in Lombardy,Campania and Sicily where corruption perception is at a high level. Political parties are ranked the most corrupt institution in Italy,closely followed by public officials and Parliament,according to Transparency International. But in the 2013 Global Corruption Barometer report,Italy is in 17th position in front of the United Kingdom (18th),Switzerland (21st) and the United States (22nd).
The Mafia Capitale is the name given to an organized crime organization,and subsequent investigation,involving the government of the city of Rome,in which members stole money destined for city services and carried out other criminal activities such as racketeering,conspiracy,loan-sharking,extortion,fraud,money laundering,illegal works,and bribery in the public administration. It operated in the city of Rome. However in 2020 the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation ruled out the mafia character of the criminal acts.
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Sports proceedings began soon after Calciopoli,an association football scandal,was made public in May 2006. In July 2006,the Italian Football Federation's (FIGC) Federal Court of Justice started the sports trial. Juventus was relegated to Serie B with points-deduction,while other clubs only received points deductions. Most of implicated club's presidents and executives,as well as referees,referee designators,referee assistants,and FIGC higher-ups were initially proposed to be banned for life but only Juventus CEO Antonio Giraudo and Juventus general director Luciano Moggi were confirmed to be banned for life. Two criminal trials took place in Naples,the first related to Calciopoli proper,while the second involved consultancy company GEA World,which was alleged to hold power over all transfers and Italian football players and agents;all defendants were acquitted of the stronger charges. The Naples trial resulted in Calciopoli bis,which implicated almost every Serie A club,including Inter Milan,to which it was awarded the 2006 scudetto. Moggi's legal defence attempted to present those new developments at the Naples court but they were refused because the court ruled that it was there to determinate whether Moggi's lifetime ban should be confirmed and the gravity of his actions,as was sentenced in the controversial 2006 sports trial.
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