The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946,when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum and a constituent assembly,formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the liberation of Italy,was elected to draft a constitution,which was promulgated on 1 January 1948.
Silvio Berlusconi was an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as the prime minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995,2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013;a member of the Senate of the Republic from 2022 until his death in 2023,and previously from March to November 2013;and a member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2019 to 2022,and previously from 1999 to 2001. With a net worth of US$6.8 billion as of June 2023,Berlusconi was the third-wealthiest person in Italy at the time of his death.
The Government of Italy is a democratic republic,and was established by the Italian constitution in 1948. It consists of legislative,executive,and judicial subdivisions,as well as of a head of state,also known as the president.
Forza Italia was a centre-right liberal-conservative political party in Italy,with Christian democratic,liberal,social democratic and populist tendencies. It was founded by Silvio Berlusconi,who served as Prime Minister of Italy four times.
Emilio Colombo was an Italian politician. A member of the Christian Democracy party,he served as Prime Minister of Italy from August 1970 to February 1972. In 2003,he was appointed senator for life,a seat he held until his death.
The history of the Italian Republic concerns the events relating to the history of Italy that have occurred since 1946,when Italy became a republic after the 1946 Italian institutional referendum. The Italian republican history is generally divided into two phases,the First and Second Republic.
The 2006 Italian general election was held on 9 and 10 April 2006. Romano Prodi,leader of the centre-left coalition The Union,narrowly defeated the incumbent Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi,leader of the centre-right coalition House of Freedoms. Initial exit polls suggested a victory for Prodi,but the results narrowed as the count progressed. On 11 April 2006,Prodi declared victory;Berlusconi never conceded defeat and an ensuing dispute formed.
The 2001 Italian general election was held in Italy on 13 May 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The election was won by the centre-right coalition House of Freedoms led by Silvio Berlusconi,defeating Francesco Rutelli,former mayor of Rome,and leader of the centre-left coalition The Olive Tree,and rising back to power after Berlusconi's first victory in the 1994 Italian general election.
Roberto Ernesto Maroni was an Italian politician from Varese and a past President of Lombardy. He was the leader of the Northern League,a party seeking autonomy or independence for Northern Italy or Padania. From 1992 to 2013 he was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian Republic,always elected in Lombard constituencies. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of the Italian Republic in the Berlusconi I executive,from 1994 to 1995. He was Interior Minister of the Italian Republic from 1994 to 1995,and from 2008 to 2011. He was Labour Minister of the Italian Republic from 2001 to 2006.
Giorgio Napolitano was an Italian politician who served as the 11th president of Italy from 2006 to 2015,the first to be re-elected to the office. In office for 8 years and 244 days,he was the longest-serving president,until the record was surpassed by Sergio Mattarella in 2023. He also was the longest-lived president in the history of the Italian Republic,which has been in existence since 1946. Although he was a prominent figure of the First Italian Republic,he did not take part in the Constituent Assembly of Italy that drafted the Italian constitution;he is considered one of the symbols of the Second Italian Republic,which came about after the Tangentopoli scandal of the 1990s. Due to his dominant position in Italian politics,some critics have sometimes referred to him as Re Giorgio.
Angelino Alfano is an Italian former politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018.
Mario Clemente Mastella is an Italian politician who has been the mayor of Benevento since 20 June 2016. He also served as leader of the Union of Democrats for Europe (UDEUR),a minor centrist and Christian-democratic Italian party. Mastella,who began his career in the Christian Democracy (DC) party,being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1976,is known for his trasformismo,changing over his career many political parties and affiliations.
Lega Lombarda,whose complete name is Lega Lombarda per Salvini Premier,is a regionalist political party active in Lombardy. Established in 1984,it was one of the founding "national" sections of Lega Nord (LN) in 1991 and has been the regional section of Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) in Lombardy since 2020. Along with Liga Veneta,the LL has formed the bulk of the federal party (LN/LSP),which has been led by Lombards since its foundation.
The third Berlusconi government was the cabinet of the government of Italy from 23 April 2005 to 17 May 2006. It was the 58th cabinet of the Italian Republic,and the second cabinet of the XIV Legislature.
Silvio Berlusconi was the Prime Minister of Italy,the head of the country's government,for almost ten years.
Maria Elisabetta Alberti,known by her married name as Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati,is an Italian lawyer and politician,serving as Minister fo Institutional Reforms since 2022. She was President of the Italian Senate from 2018 to 2022. She was the first woman ever to have held this position. Casellati is a long-time member of the liberal-conservative party Forza Italia and served as Undersecretary of Health and Justice in previous governments. In 2022,she was nominated as candidate for President of Italy by the centre-right coalition.
Antonio Maccanico was an Italian constitutional specialist and politician who served in various capacities in the Italian Parliament and federal administrations of Italy. He was the former general secretary of the Quirinal Palace from 1978 to 1987,and was several times minister and undersecretary to the Prime Minister under Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. He was also president of Mediobanca.
Berlusconism is a term used in the Western media and by some Italian analysts to describe the political positions of former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. In general,Berlusconism could be reassumed as a mix of conservatism,populism,liberism,and anti-communism.
A constitutional referendum was held in Italy on 4 December 2016. Voters were asked whether they approved a constitutional law that amends the Italian Constitution to reform the composition and powers of the Parliament of Italy,as well as the division of powers between the State,the regions,and administrative entities.
A five-part abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 12 June 2022. Voters were asked to decide on the repeal of five articles or decrees relating to the functions of the Italian judicial system. Each of the five questions were submitted by nine Italian regions,all governed by the centre-right coalition.
