Giuliano Mignini

Last updated

Public Minister
Giuliano Mignini
Born (1950-04-13) 13 April 1950 (age 74) [1]
Perugia, Umbria, Italy [1]
EducationLaw degree
Alma mater University of Perugia
OccupationPublic prosecutor
Years active1979–2020
Known for Monster of Florence
Murder of Meredith Kercher
ChildrenFour daughters [2]

Giuliano Mignini (born April 13, 1950) [3] is an Italian magistrate. He retired as a public prosecutor in Perugia, Umbria, in 2020. [4]

Contents

He is known for his involvement as the prosecutor in the investigation of the death of Dr. Francesco Narducci, who was found dead in the Trasimeno lake in 1985. Mignini opened an investigation into his death as a cold case in October 2001, as he suspected he could be the victim of a murder. He was soon joined by prosecutors from the Florence jurisdiction who were also investigating on the deceased doctor, as they believed Narducci was involved in the Monster of Florence serial murders case. Mignini's investigation resulted in the prosecution of 20 individuals over the following years, on allegations indirectly connected to Narducci's death such as cover-up and side-tracking charges. In 2010 all 20 individuals had their charges dropped by a Preliminary Caourt, mostly due to the expiration of limitation statute terms. The courts however, determined that Narducci had died by strangling and not by drowning as previously declared, and that a cover-up had in fact taken place, which included a staging of the finding of the body at the lake by using the body of an unknown. [5] [6] Mignini was convicted of abuse of office in 2008 together with police officer Michele Giuttari in a case connected to the Narducci investigations. Mignini and Giuttari were both acquitted on appeal in 2014.

Mignini came to wider public attention as one of the two prosecutors who led the 2007 investigation into the murder of Meredith Kercher, and the subsequent prosecution of Rudy Guede, Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito. The conviction of Knox and Sollecito was eventually annulled by the Supreme Court of Cassation on March 27, 2015. The verdict pointed out that as scientific evidence was "central" to the case, there were "glaring defalliances" or "amnesia" and "culpable omissions of investigation activities".

Mignini was a Consultant at the Italian Parliament Anti-Mafia Committee in 2022, which issued a 120-page report on the Monster of Florence, Narducci and connected cases. [7] [8] The Parliamentary inquiry stated again the conclusion that Narducci's body had been temporarily exchanged before burial in order to cover up his murder. [9]

Education and career

Mignini was born in 1950 in Perugia, the son of a high-school teacher belonging to a family of sculptors. He obtained his law degree from the University of Perugia. He had wished to pursue a career in the Air Force, but he was rejected by the Pilots' Academy because of a form of daltonism. [10] He passed the magistrate's examination in 1979, and worked for one year in Volterra serving as pretore (an investigating judge role which does not exist anymore in the Italian system). He served for several years as judge in the courts of Pisa and Terni, where he worked on different times both as a criminal and as a civil judge. In 1989 he returned to Perugia and served as investigator and criminal prosecutor (sostituto procuratore), between 2004 and 2012 he also had powers as the head of anti-mafia prosecutors (Direzione Distrettuale Antimafia) in Umbria, [11] in 2013 he took a post at the Appeals prosecution office (Procura Generale). [12] [13]

Notable cases

The Narducci case

The investigation into the death of Francesco Narducci (1949-1985), a Perugian doctor, lasted about ten years, between 2000 and 2010. It is one of the investigations connected to the principal investigation on the serial murders known as "The Monster of Florence" case. [14] Dr. Francesco Narducci's body was recovered from Lake Trasimeno near Perugia, Umbria, in 1985 and was determined to be a drowning. [15] [16] His body was discovered a month after the final double-murder linked to the Monster of Florence. The name of Dr. Narducci belonged to a list of "persons of interest" issued by the Florence Police in relation to the Monster of Florence cases since 1987. [17] Police and prosecutors in Florence initially investigated Narducci's death as connected to the murders after a number of anonymous letters were received, but police were unable to find evidence of a connection. [18] [19]

Perugian investigation into Narducci's death

In early 2002, blogger Gabriella Carlizzi contacted Mignini regarding her theories about Narducci being part of a secret society behind the Monster killings. [20] Narducci's name had also emerged within an ongoing phone stalking case Mignini was investigating, where some of the conversations they recorded included references to Dr. Narducci, the Monster of Florence and secret societies. [18] [19] While a medical examiner had determined the cause of Narducci's death to be drowning, no autopsy had been performed at the time, despite it being mandatory under Italian law, reportedly on the insistence of Narducci's father. Mignini regarded Narducci's death as suspicious, as in some of the phone conversations the stalker had stated that Narducci was killed by "strangulation". [21]

Mignini deemed that an autopsy was necessary to investigate the cause of death, and, in summer 2002, also assisted by the Florence prosecutors, he had Narducci's body exhumed and examined. The exhumed body was Narducci's, the pathologist found evidence that the cause of death was not drowning but strangulation. Pathology professor Giovanni Pierucci had also examined the picture of the body that was taken on the pier in 1985, and believed that the decay of the cadaver in the photo appeared too advanced to be consistent with a permanence of only five days in the lake's water, and had recommended the unburial and examination of the body. [22] Further discrepancies were further observed between the very good state of preservation of the exhumed body and the visible decay of the body photographed on the pier. Further analysis of the 1985 photographs of the lake cadaver by other experts, found that the body on the pier was also shorter than Narducci, had a different head shape, a dark skin complexion, and had a waist size not compatible with the trousers on Narducci's exhumed corpse.

The prosecution concluded that a second body had been used to stage a drowning in the lake, as a cover up for the killing, and claimed to have sufficient evidence that the whole finding of the body at the lake had been a staging, performed at the time as part of a cover-up by state authorities, coordinated by the Provincial head of Police (Questore). [23] [18]

Mignini alleged that Narducci had been involved in the murders of the Monster of Florence case, which, according to the findings of the Florence Prosecution, also involved a network of other people linked together by a secret society, and that he had been possibly killed on order of his father, Ugo Narducci, a member of a masonic lodge himself. The same father had masterminded the cover up. [24] [25] Mignini's theory involved a complicated conspiracy of 20 people, including government officials and law enforcement officers, who all concurred in covering up Narducci's cause of death. Mignini indicted 20 people and charged them with the concealment of Narducci's murder. The charges against them were dropped in 2010, [26] partly due to expiration of statutory terms, but the judge found that the staging involving the bodies exchange had actually occurred. [27] [28] [29] Narducci's family claim that he committed suicide by hanging, while the finding of his body may have been staged only to hide the detail to his mother. [24]

Arrest of journalist Mario Spezi

Italian journalist Mario Spezi had covered the Monster of Florence case since 1981 and was still pursuing his own leads in 2006. On February 23. 2006, Mignini summoned American author Douglas Preston for questioning as a person informed about facts related to Spezi's activities. The police, on Mignini's orders, had wiretapped Spezi's phone conversations with Preston regarding a villa in the countryside of Tuscany. According to Preston and Spezi they had investigated the villa on a tip from an ex-convict that evidence regarding the Monster was hidden there, while Mignini interpreted the conversation as intention to plant evidence on the location. [30] [31] [32] Preston has claimed that Mignini used "brutal" tactics during his interrogation, and has accused Mignini of attempting to coerce him into implicating himself and Spezi in the murders, saying "they have techniques that could get you to confess to murder." [33]

On 7 April 2006 the Florence police arrested Spezi. Preliminary judge Marina De Roberti, on Mignini's request, ordered the men to be held in cautionary custody and not to speak with his lawyers anymore before the first hearing in Court that took place on 11 April. This, notwithstanding what many English sources claim, did not allow Mignini to hold and interrogate Spezi for six days without access to legal counsel: De Roberti's order was notified to Spezi on 8 April while he was actually speaking with his lawyer. Mignini formally suspected Spezi of complicity in the homicides of the Monster of Florence case. The request of custody was not motivated by the suspicion of murder, but based on the accusation of attempting to pollute the Narducci investigation. Spezi was held for 23 days, at which point an appeals tribunal found the arrest illegal. [34] [35] [36] [37]

Allegations of abuse of office

In 2004, the Florence Public Prosecution office discontinued their cooperation with Perugia, and demanded that they alone have the whole investigation file on Narducci's death. Mignini refused to surrender the investigation, claiming the Trasimeno Lake shore where the body was recovered was in territory under his jurisdiction. The Florence police also presented Mignini a recorded conversation with the voice of prosecutor Paolo Canessa apparently admitting that his boss, Chief Prosecutor of Florence Ubaldo Nannucci, could not decide freely but rather was being forced by superior powers.

Mignini opened an investigation against Ubaldo Nannucci and against the Chief of Police in Florence, Giuseppe De Donno, baed on the recording of Canessa's voice. He accused both the Florence Prosecution and the Florence Police of voluntarily obstructing police activity and hindering the investigation into the death of Narducci. In 2005, the Florentine Police ordered the dismantling of the Serial Crimes Investigation Unit (Gruppo Investigativo Delitti Seriali or GIDES), the Unit that found a connection between the Monster of Florence and Narducci.

In 2006, Florence prosecutor Luca Turco, charged Mignini and the head of the GIDES Michele Giuttari with a number of counts, including the forging of Canessa's voice recording, plus a number of counts of abuse of office for allegedly ordering the wiretapping of the phones of various police officers and journalists involved in the Monster of Florence case. Some media called the escalation "a war between Prosecution Offices". [38] [36] [39] Florence prosecution accused Mignini of carrying on a "parallel investigation" in order to cover up for Giuttari's alleged fabrication of a false recording of Canessa's conversation, and ordered a police raid of his office. Perugian newspapers alleged that the true goal of the Florence raid in the Perugian office was their intention put their hands on the Narducci - Monster of Florence file. [40]

Mignini was charged of being implicated in the forging of a fake audio recording and abusing his powers as he investigated De Donno, and for having wiretapped phone calls of three journalists and two police officers for unjustified reasons. Mignini objected that the Florence Magistrates had no jurisdiction on him because of their conflict of interest (the magistrates prosecuting him belonged to the same office he was investigating into). A preliminary judge in Florence turned down his request to chenge the trial venue. In January 2010, a Florence court chaired by judge Francesco Maradei acquitted him of the first three counts of fabricating fake evidence, as Mignini and Giuttari managed to prove that the audio recording was authentic, [41] but found him guilty of the remaining four counts of exceeding the powers of his office. [12] He was given a 16-month suspended sentence. Mignini appealed the conviction, saying "My conscience is clear, I know I did nothing wrong." [42] He remained in office through the appeal process, as Italian law does not consider convictions final until all appeals are exhausted, but delayed taking a post at the Procura Generale where he had been already appointed. [43] [44] According to Rome-based journalist and author Barbie Latza Nadeau, even if Mignini were convicted, offenses such as this are rarely grounds for removing a prosecutor from office. [45]

In November 2011, a Court of Appeals accepted his preliminary objection and annulled the previous conviction, also declaring the prosecution by Florentine magistrates illegitimate - since some of the Florence prosecutors were also the offended parties - and sent the investigation file to a prosecutor in Turin. [46] [47] The Prosecution General of Florence appealed against the decision at the Supreme Court, so factually blocking the transfer to Turin for at least another year. In February 2013 the Florence office lost their appeal and the Supreme Court ordered the investigation be moved to Turin. Mignini said "It took me 7 years to be right". [48] In 2016, the Turin court dropped the remaining charges due to the expiration of statutes of limitation.

Finding of no wrongdoing

While the Italian justice system does not prosecute criminal allegations beyond statutory terms through penal courts, Italian Magistrates are still subjected to a judgement also by a disciplinary court of the High Council of the Judiciary (Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura, or CSM) which seeks to find out facts in the merits, even if the Magistrate has already been acquitted of criminal charges on technicalities, or when there is still reasonable doubt. Mignini underwent a lengthy trial by the CSM about the Florence allegations on Narducci case. In March 2017 the CSM disciplinary court acquitted Mignini of all allegations, finding that "there was no wrongdoing" in his conduct. [49]

Murder of Meredith Kercher

Meredith Kercher was a young woman murdered in Perugia on 1 November 2007. Mignini was one of the two prosecutors who directed the investigation of the case. [50] [51]

In October 2011, Mignini told a reporter from the British newspaper The Guardian "I have felt under attack ever since I investigated Narducci. It all started there." He further suggested that the trial for abuse of power was related to persecution for his role in the Monster of Florence case and blamed American author Douglas Preston, co-author with Spezi of a book about the case, of masterminding a U.S. press campaign against him over the Knox case. As part of his summing up in the first Knox appeal he said "our judicial system has been subjected to a systematic denigration by a well-organised operation of a journalistic and political nature". [52]

Preston has criticized the conduct of Mignini [53] in the trial. In April 2009, Preston appeared in a segment of 48 Hours on CBS, in which he argued that the case against Knox was "based on lies, superstition, and crazy conspiracy theories". [54] In December 2009, after the verdict had been announced, he appeared on Anderson Cooper 360° on CNN and described his own interrogation by Mignini in the same terms, [55] claiming he was also denied a translator, and has since referred to the interrogation as "psychologically brutal". [33]

In 2013, the case against Knox and Sollecito was committed to another prosecutor, Alessandro Crini, who obtained the convictions in their retrial. [56] Knox and Sollecito were acquitted by the Supreme Court of Cassazione on 27 March 2015, ending the case. [57]

Satellite prosecutions initiated by Mignini

In February 2013, Mignini launched a defamation suit against Raffaele Sollecito, for allegations in Sollecito's book, Honor Bound (full title: Honor Bound: My Journey to Hell and Back with Amanda Knox, Presumed Guilty), including claims of secret negotiations between Mignini and Sollecito's family. [58] Mignini later withdrew his claims, and the remainder of the suit was dismissed. [59]

Mignini censure

On 4 December 2015, Mignini was disciplined by the High Council of the Judiciary for violation of correct procedure in the arrest of Sollecito in November 2007. The Prosecutor General of the Supreme Court requested his acquittal. Mignini was defended by judge Piercamillo Davigo. The disciplinary panel stated that he issued an oral order of prohibiting legal counsel with Sollecito, instead of issuing a written order as provided by the law. [60] He was issued a censure. [61]

Brigitta Bulgari

In June 2010, Mignini was the prosecutor involved in the case of porn star Brigitta Bulgari who was arrested and held for 11 days after being charged with child pornography; this followed the surfacing of a mobile phone video showing 15-year-old boys touching her breasts while she performed as a stripper in an Umbria night club. [62] [63] [64] Sexual contact with minors itself may be not punishable under Italian law, but it is illegal to produce videos. Bulgari had her charges dropped in October 2011 based on a preliminary judge assumption that "Bulgari was not aware that there were minors in the club" and "because of intense lights she could not see whether people were filming". Bulgari stated that she was "just trying to make a living" and that she felt sorry for Amanda Knox, pointing out that they were both investigated by the same prosecutor. [63] She also said that she would seek monetary damages for "muddying her name" (she then received €3.500 [65] ) and planned to write a book about her experiences after arrest. [63]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 "Sentenza n. 321/2010 del Tribunale di Firenze, Seconda Sezione Penale" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  2. ↑ Burleigh 2011, p. 155.
  3. ↑ Burleigh 2011, pp. 153–154.
  4. ↑ Maiorca, Umberto (5 June 2020). "L'INTERVISTA - Giuliano Mignini, una vita in toga alla ricerca della verità: "Ho sempre cercato l'imparzialità"". Perugia Today. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  5. ↑ Milan Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit, Guerriero P., Caccialanza P. (27 October 2014). Sentence 7498/14, proceedings 3829/2014. Milan. p. 5,19. Since January 21th 2005 the Public Prosecutor of the Republic Mr. Giuliano Mignini presented the Preliminary Judge of Perugia with a request to proceed through an incidente probatorio procedure at hearing the testimony of twenty one persons (because of the old age of some of them, because of the precarious health conditions of others, and because some other had been victims of threats), within proceedings n. 8970/2002 RGNR, pending against numerous individuals for an extremely large series of crimes (criminal association, cover-up of individual, vilipendium of cadaver, destruction, suppression or removal of cadaver, illegitimate use of cadaver, falsehood in public records also by inducing public officers to commit error, omission of official papers, threat in order to induce to commit a crime, threat against a public officer, revelation of secret documents also by instigation, obstructing justice by accusing an innocent, interruption of public service, suppression of various documents, abuse of office, usurpation of public functions, failure to denounce a crime by public officer, material cover-up, falsehood committed by private citizen in public records) all related to the finding in the Trasimeno lake, on October 13th 1985, of a cadaver that was recognized as that of Francesco Narducci." ... "(...) based on the proceedings it was found that the autopsy report on the body which was eventually ordered, and the anthropometric comparison between the cadaver examined at Pavia University and the one photographed on the dock at the Trasimeno lake, in fact did ascertain that Narducci had been murdered, either through strangling or throttling{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ "Sul mostro di Firenze l'ombra della massoneria deviata". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 3 November 2022. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022. (..)Il quadro non fa che allargarsi a dismisura e, nonostante per quanto riguarda l'omicidio di Narducci a livello giudiziario tutto si sia risolto in un'ordinanza non impugnabile di archiviazione (nonostante il Gip di Perugia De Robertis abbia appurato per certo lo scambio di cadavere e il suo coinvolgimento nei delitti del mostro di Firenze).
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  10. ↑ Follain, John - Death in Perugia, 2011, Hodder & Stoughton, p.79
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  15. ↑ Mostro di Firenze, caso Narducci: prosciolti tutti gli imputati, Quotidiano.net, 21 April 2010.
  16. ↑ NON MORI' ANNEGATO MA PER STRANGOLAMENTO, L'ALTRO CORPO Archived 2012-05-01 at the Wayback Machine , La Stampa, 7 October 2002.
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  19. 1 2 Vertice sulla strana morte del dottor Narducci, la Repubblica, 18 June 2002.
  20. ↑ Preston, Douglas; Spezi, Mario (2013). The Monster of Florence. Grand Central Publishing. pp. 206–210.
  21. ↑ Public Prosecution Office of Perugia, procedure n. 17869 /01 /44 "against unknowns"
  22. ↑ prof. Giovanni Pierucci, consulenza ripetibile, deposited on May. 20. 2002 with the Procura di Perugia, pps. 36-37
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  24. 1 2 CASO NARDUCCI-MOSTRO DI FIRENZE/ PARLA IL PADRE. "FRANCESCO ERA MALATO E SI E' SUICIDATO", Umbria Left, 18 July 2008.
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  26. ↑ Monster of Florence: Amanda Knox Prosecutor's Satanic Theories Rejected by Judge, Crimesider, CBS News, 23 April 2010.
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  31. ↑ GiDeS (7 April 2006). "Informativa 27.02 2006" quoted in: Request of Cautionary Custody. Prosecution Office Perugia. p. 6. Mr. Ferdinando Zaccaria, in such occasion, admitted to the activity carried on by Spezi, by Ruocco and by himself, explaining that such result would have made a "world scoop", subsequently to which they would have made "a lot of money".
  32. ↑ Verbale di Assunzione di Informazioni. Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale di Perugia. 23 February 2006. p. 3.
  33. 1 2 Izola, Justine. "The Journalist and the Murderer".
  34. ↑ Kirsta, Alix (14 December 2006). "'I thought - I'm in serious trouble here'". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  35. ↑ La Repubblica - Perugia (8 April 2006). "Mostro di Firenze, colloqui vietati per Spezi accusato di depistaggio". Pugno duro del giudice nei confronti di Mario Spezi
  36. 1 2 Del Vigo, Silvio: "I metodi di Giuliano Mignini: sei mio nemico? Vai indagato", blog.panorama.it, 2 August 2010, accessed 17 October 2011.
  37. ↑ source: AGI (9 April 2006). "Si terrà martedì prossimo l'interrogatorio di garanzia dei due arrestati, anche se si attende la conferma definitiva". "Rome, 9 April 2006. Defence attorney Antonio Traversi explained "The prohibition of counsel is legitimate, to be fair it is usually applied to charges of a different gravity, given that the order of cautionary custody is not about a murder but about crimes of a very different nature and degree of danger, anyway there was this prohibition and we complied" Italian: "Roma, 9 aprile 2006. Il difensore Sandro Traversi spiegando che «è legittimo il divieto ai colloqui, per la verità generalmente applicato in processi di ben altra portata, visto che qui l'ordinanza di custodia cautelare riguarda non l'omicidio ma reati di natura e di pericolosità ben diversa, comunque c'è questo divieto e ci siamo attenuti»
  38. ↑ Selvatici, Franca (20 October 2006). "Registrazioni segrete di Giuttari". La Repubblica.
  39. ↑ Cardinalini, Luca (2007). La strana morte del Dr. Narducci : il rebus dei due cadaveri e il mostro di Firenze. Pietro Licciardi. Roma: DeriveApprodi. pp. 123–124. ISBN   978-88-89969-27-4. OCLC   190837959.
  40. ↑ Selvatici, Franca (21 October 2006). "Mostro, tolti i sigilli al Gides". La Repubblica.
  41. ↑ Trubunal of Florence, sentence n. 321/2010, 22 Jan. 2010 (deposited on 21 Apr. 2010); pp. 139-164, 192, 196
  42. ↑ Henderson, Mark. The Times. London http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6999196.ece.{{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  43. ↑ Preston, Douglas (25 November 2010). "Amanda Knox appeal: 'Italians are embarrassed by this case'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  44. ↑ Vogt, Andrea: "The debate continues over Knox's guilt", SeattlePI.com, 14 December 2009, accessed 17 October 2011.
  45. ↑ Barbie, Nadeau (2010). Angel Face. Beast Books. p. 94. ISBN   978-0-9842951-3-5.
  46. ↑ "Mostro Firenze: Annullate condanne a pm Mignini e Giuttari". ANSA. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  47. ↑ source: ANSA (9 February 2013). "Mostro: la Cassazione respinge il ricorso della procura generale a carico di Giuliano Mignini e di Michele Giuttari Secondo la corte d'Appello la competenza territoriale spetta a Torino dove saranno trasmessi gli atti". gonews.it. Nel novembre 2011, la corte d'Appello di Firenze aveva annullato la sentenza di primo grado
  48. ↑ Paoli Gigi, L'amarezza di Mignini "7 anni per aver ragione", La Nazione, 10 February 2013.
  49. ↑ "Indagini ritorsive: scagionato il PM di Perugia". Umbria24. 20 March 2017.
  50. ↑ Povoledo, Elisabetta: "Amanda Knox Freed After Appeal in Italian Court", The New York Times, 3 October 2011. Accessed 19 October 2011.
  51. ↑ Burleigh, Nina (2011). "Amanda Knox Trial: The Tough Women Involved in the Case". Time . Archived from the original on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
  52. ↑ Kington, Tom: "Giuliano Mignini: Knox prosecutor who believes he is the conspiracy victim", The Guardian, 3 October 2011, accessed at guardian.com on 22 October 2011.
  53. ↑ Tales from Italy's Dark Side: Interview with Douglas Preston http://www.nuok.it/2010/05/tales-from-italy-s-dark-side-interview-with-douglas-preston/ Archived 2011-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ↑ American Girl, Italian Nightmare from CBS News
  55. ↑ American Student Convicted of Murder in Italy; President Obama's Approval Numbers Sliding, Anderson Cooper 360° transcript
  56. ↑ GoNews
  57. ↑ "Italian court acquits Knox and Sollecito of Kercher murder". BBC News. 28 March 2015.
  58. ↑ "Sollecito querelato per diffamazione da Giuliano Mignini" Archived 18 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine , La Foccia, 15 February 2013, accessed at lagoccia.eu on 15 February 2013.
  59. ↑ Sollecito assolto dall'accusa di vilipendio alle forze dell'ordine, ilgiornale.it; accessed 5 July 2020.
  60. ↑ TrgMedia (5 December 2015). "Il Csm censura il pm Mignini per la procedura con la quale vietò a Sollecito il colloqui col suo difensore. Decisione solo orale e non scritta". trgmedia.it.
  61. ↑ "Raffaele Sollecito presenta il libro: "Un passo fuori dalla notte"". 12 December 2015.
  62. ↑ "Assolta la pornostar Brigitta: non coinvolse minori nella sua esibizione", Panorama.it, 6 October 2011, accessed 25 October 2011.
  63. 1 2 3 "Belluno/ La pornostar Bulgari assolta. "Io come Amanda"", Libero.it, 8 October 2011, accessed 25 October 2011.
  64. ↑ Martinez, Edecio: "Brigitta Bulgari: Playboy Model Arrested on Child Sex Charges", cbsnews.com, June 2, 2010, accessed 25 October 2011.
  65. ↑ "Brigitta Bulgari: «Le passerelle di moda, il porno e l’arresto ingiusto. Ora allevo cani»", Corriere.it, 02 March 2022, accessed 02 March 2022
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