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Robeson County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of North Carolina and is its largest county by land area. Its county seat and largest community is Lumberton. The county was formed in 1787 from part of Bladen County and named in honor of Thomas Robeson,a colonel who had led Patriot forces in the area during the Revolutionary War. As of the 2020 census,the county's population was 116,530. It is a majority-minority county;its residents are approximately 38 percent Native American,22 percent white,22 percent black,and 10 percent Hispanic. It is included in the Fayetteville-Lumberton-Pinehurst,NC Combined Statistical Area. The state-recognized Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina is headquartered in Pembroke.
Hoke County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census,its population was 52,082. Its county seat is Raeford.
Lumberton is a city in Robeson County,North Carolina,United States. As of 2020,its population was 19,025. It is the seat of Robeson County's government.
The Lumbee are a Native American people primarily centered in Robeson,Hoke,Cumberland,and Scotland counties in North Carolina.
The Battle of Hayes Pond,also known as the Battle of Maxton Field or the Maxton Riot,was an armed confrontation between members of a Ku Klux Klan (KKK) organization and Lumbee Indians at a Klan rally near Maxton,North Carolina,on the night of January 18,1958. The clash resulted in the disruption of the rally and a significant amount of media coverage praising the Lumbees and condemning the Klansmen.
James William "Catfish" Cole was an American soldier and evangelist who was leader of the Ku Klux Klan of North Carolina and South Carolina,serving as a Grand Dragon.
The Croatan were a small Native American ethnic group living in the coastal areas of what is now North Carolina. They might have been a branch of the larger Roanoke people or allied with them.
The Lowry War or Lowrie War was a conflict that took place in and around Robeson County,North Carolina,United States from 1864 to 1874 between a group of mostly Native American outlaws and civil local,state,and federal authorities. The conflict is named for Henry Berry Lowry,a Lumbee who led a gang of Native American,white and black men which robbed area farms and killed public officials who pursued them.
Julian Thomas Pierce was an American lawyer and Lumbee activist. Born in Hoke County,North Carolina,he became the first person in his family to go to college and worked for several years as a chemist at shipyards in Virginia before obtaining his law degree. Following two years of work for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission,he moved to Robeson County,North Carolina to direct a legal aid organization and in that capacity co-authored a petition to the federal government asking for the extension of federal recognition to the Lumbee tribe. In 1988 he resigned from his job to pursue a candidacy for a new Superior Court judgeship. Running against the local district attorney and over the objections of the county sheriff,he was found murdered in his home several weeks before the primary election. While his murder was officially determined to be the result of an interpersonal dispute,the circumstances of his death remain unclear,with his friends and family having advanced suspicions that he was assassinated for political reasons.
The Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina is a state-recognized tribe in North Carolina. The tribe represents Lumbee people. They do not hold federal recognition as a Native American tribe.
Joe Freeman Britt was an American attorney and judge who developed a national reputation as a tough prosecutor,and for successfully pursuing a large number of death penalty convictions. He was also well known by the judicial system for accusations of misconduct,including Brady violations,i.e. hiding or failing to disclose potentially exculpatory evidence from the defence,in approximately one third of his cases.
The Lumbee Regional Development Association (LRDA) is a nonprofit corporation,chartered by the State of North Carolina in 1968,organized to analyze and develop solutions for the health,educational,economic,and general welfare problems of rural and urban Indians in and around Robeson County. Its effective domain includes,but is not limited to,the Counties of Robeson,Hoke,Scotland,and Bladen,i.e.,North Carolina’s Planning Region N. Federally funded programs are currently administered by the Lumbee citizens of these neighboring counties,from the LRDA offices in Pembroke,North Carolina. LRDA currently serves over 20,600 people each year. In July 2009,it had 62 full-time employees.
Ruth Dial Woods is an American educator and activist. A member of the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina,she was the first woman to serve as the associate superintendent of the Robeson County Public Schools and to receive an at-large appointment to the University of North Carolina Board of Governors. After teaching in the public school system of Robeson County for 27 years,she joined the faculty at Fayetteville State University. In addition to her work as an educator,Woods was involved in the Civil Rights Movement,the Women's liberation movement,and the American Indian Movement. She has served as a community development consultant for the United States Department of Labor and as a consultant for the Lumbee Tribal Council for administration of tribal programs. The recipient of numerous awards and honors for her work in human rights and education,in 2011,she was inducted into the North Carolina Women's Hall of Fame.
Horace Locklear is an American politician and former attorney who served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1977 until 1983. A member of the Lumbee tribe,he was the first Native American to practice law in North Carolina.
Malcolm Gray McLeod was an American law enforcement officer who served as the Sheriff of Robeson County,North Carolina from 1950 to 1978. Born in Lumberton,he worked as a service station operator and a grocery salesman before deciding to run for the office of sheriff in 1950,pledging to modernize the office and crack down on bootlegging. He won,and in his early tenure worked closely with District Solicitor Malcolm Buie Seawell to destroy thousands of illicit alcohol distilleries and oversee hundreds of arrests for bootlegging. In 1958 he maintained order during a civil disturbance at the Battle of Hayes Pond. Over the course of his tenure the size of the sheriff's department expanded and he hired several black and Native American deputies. In 1971 McLeod established a drugs division in the department to combat the narcotics trade. At the time of his retirement in 1978 he was the longest-serving sheriff in Robeson County's history.
Henry Ward Oxendine was an American lawyer and politician who served as a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives for the 21st District from 1973 to 1976. A member of the Lumbee tribe,he was the first Native American to serve in the North Carolina General Assembly.
Walter Hubert Stone was an American law enforcement officer who served as the Sheriff of Robeson County,North Carolina from 1978 to December 1994. Stone was raised in Robeson County,and in 1953 became a municipal police officer. He served as police chief of Fair Bluff from 1954 to 1957,when he was hired as a county sheriff's deputy. He was promoted to the job of detective before being elected Sheriff of Robeson County in 1978. He restructured the organization of the sheriff's department,assigning sergeants and detectives to districts in the county. During his tenure the county experience a significant level of drug trafficking,and he oversaw the doubling in size of his office's drug enforcement division and worked closely with District Attorney Joe Freeman Britt to prosecute narcotics-related offenses. A Democrat,he became a leading figure in local politics and was often sought by candidates for his support.
On February 1,1988,two armed Tuscarora men,Eddie Hatcher and Timothy Jacobs,took hostages in the offices of The Robesonian newspaper in Lumberton,Robeson County,North Carolina. At the time,Robeson experienced a significant level of drug trafficking and increasing public distrust of the county sheriff's office,especially from the area's significant Native American population. Hatcher believed he had evidence of corruption in the local justice system and,fearing for his life,enlisted the aid of Jacobs to try to raise awareness about his concerns. The two held the staff of the county daily newspaper hostage for 10 hours before extracting an agreement from North Carolina Governor James G. Martin to investigate corruption allegations in Robeson.
Scuffletown was a community in Robeson County,North Carolina,United States in the 1700s and 1800s dominated by Lumbee Native Americans. The exact location of the community,the date of its creation,and the origin of its name are unclear. The community,which had no formal government,encompassed swampy territory dotted with small farms and simple cabins. Most Scuffletonians were poor and made livings by growing crops,hunting and fishing,picking berries,or performing labor for neighboring farmers.
The Old Main is a historic building on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Pembroke in Pembroke,North Carolina. Completed in 1923,it was the first brick building on the university's campus,then known as the Cherokee Indian Normal School of Robeson County. The building originally hosted classrooms,auditorium space,and administrative offices. After administrative officials moved to a new building in 1949,the structure acquired the "Old Main" name. Since it was used for other community events,it gained additional importance to the primarily Native American student body at the school. Old Main was slated for destruction in 1972,but this decision was overturned after protests by community members. A fire,likely the result of arson,gutted the building in 1973. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and fully restored and reopened in 1979. It presently hosts several university departments and student media outlets.
References
- 1 2 3 Mitchell 2000, p. 411.
- 1 2 3 4 Barnes, Greg (December 17, 2006). "Tarnished Hopes: Corruption Surrounds Ex-Sheriff's Tenure". The Fayetteville Observer. pp. 1A, 5A.
- 1 2 Brayboy, John R. (December 8, 1994). "Glenn Maynor Sworn In As New Sheriff : 'A New Day In Ol Robeson'". The Carolina Indian Voice. Vol. 21, no. 49. p. 1.
- 1 2 "Maynor Announces Candidacy for Sheriff". The Carolina Indian Voice. January 4, 1990. p. 1.
- ↑ "Sheriff Glenn Maynor Seeks Third Term in Office". The Carolina Indian Voice. Vol. 29, no. 8. February 21, 2002. p. 1.
- ↑ "Maynor named Mayor Pro Tem". The Carolina Indian Voice. Vol. 9, no. 49. December 10, 1981. p. 1.
- 1 2 Brayboy, Connee (June 2, 1994). "Maynor Wins Sheriff's Race". The Carolina Indian Voice. Vol. 21, no. 22. p. 1.
- ↑ "Maynor Becomes First Indian Sheriff in Robeson County". The Carolina Indian Voice. Vol. 21, no. 45. November 10, 1994. p. 1.
- ↑ "Sheriff Glenn Maynor Appointed to task force on Racial and Religious Violence". The Carolina Indian Voice. Vol. 23. June 27, 1996. p. 1.
- ↑ "Sheriff and Clerk Returned to Office with Landslide Victories: No Changes in Robeson Elected Officials". The Carolina Indian Voice. May 7, 1998. p. 1.
- ↑ Haimes, Nicole Lucas (2017). "Who killed Julian Pierce?". MEL Magazine. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Voters Overwhelmingly Re-elect Sheriff Glenn Maynor". The Carolina Indian Voice. Vol. 29, no. 37. September 11, 2002. p. 1.
- ↑ "Sheriff Glenn Maynor retries after ten years". The Carolina Indian Voice. Vol. 33, no. 1. January 6, 2005. p. 1.
- 1 2 Lowery 2018, p. 197.
- 1 2 3 4 Rockett, Ali (June 10, 2013). "Operation Tarnished Badge: Years later, tarnish remains". The Fayetteville Observer. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- 1 2 Jenkins, Venita (27 August 2008). "Maynor reports to N.J. prison". The Fayetteville Observer.
- 1 2 "Ex-sheriff gets prison time for corruption". WRAL TV. Capitol Broadcasting Company. 19 June 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ↑ Hixenbaugh, Mike (April 29, 2010). "Glenn Maynor to finish prison term at home". The Fayetteville Observer.
- ↑ "Our Board Members". PAWSS, Inc. Retrieved October 19, 2021.