Glossip v. Chandler

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Glossip v. Chandler
Oklahoma-western.gif
Court United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma
Full case nameRichard Glossip, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Randy Chandler, et al., Defendants.
Docket nos.CIV-14-665-F
Case history
Related action(s) Glossip v. Gross (2015)
Court membership
Judge(s) sitting Stephen P. Friot

Glossip v. Chandler is a United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma case in which the plaintiffs challenged the State of Oklahoma's execution protocol. The initial lawsuit, Glossip v. Gross , rose to the United States Supreme Court in 2015 at the preliminary injunction stage and involved an earlier version of Oklahoma's lethal injection protocol. The case was reopened in the District Court in 2020 following an end to Oklahoma's moratorium on executions. [1]

Contents

Background

Execution of Clayton Lockett

In 2014, Oklahoma's lethal injection protocol came under scrutiny when Clayton Lockett died of a heart attack resulting from complications during his execution. [2] Lockett was convicted of the 1999 kidnapping, rape, and murder of a 19-year-old woman. [3] In 2015, Lockett and other death row inmates had unsuccessfully challenged an Oklahoma law allowing the names of companies supplying drugs used in executions to be kept secret in Glossip v. Gross . [3] Lockett was scheduled to be executed on April 29, 2014, and after doctors had declared him unconscious, Lockett attempted to raise his head and speak and complained of a burning sensation. [2] Lockett started convulsing after receiving a round of lethal drug injections. [3] Governor Fallin asked the Department of Corrections to conduct a full review of the state's execution procedures. [3] Autopsy reports indicated that Oklahoma State Penitentiary officials had used potassium acetate instead of potassium chloride and that Lockett had died of a heart attack during the execution. [2] [3]

Initial lawsuit Glossip v. Gross

On June 25, 2014, twenty-one Oklahoma death row inmates filed a lawsuit, Charles F. Warner, et al., v. Kevin J. Gross, et al., in the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. The lawsuit claimed that Oklahoma's execution protocol was unconstitutional, stating that there is autopsy evidence suggesting that the drugs used in lethal injection make people feel as though they are drowning through a "flash pulmonary edema" and like they are being "burned alive" violating the Eighth and Fourteenth amendments of the U.S. Constitution. [4] [5] Richard Glossip replaced Charles Frederick Warner as the named plaintiff after Warner was executed in January 2015 before the case was decided. [6]

The lawsuit advanced to the United States Supreme Court, and on June 29, 2015, the justices ruled 5–4 in Glossip v. Gross that the prisoners had not shown that they would be subject to an unconstitutional level of pain. [1] [5] [7] The court also ruled that death row inmates challenging their execution method must present a known and available alternative. [5] The executions of Richard Glossip, John Grant, and Benjamin Cole Sr. were stayed by the court. [7] The lawsuit was then returned to the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. [5] Following the Supreme Court's ruling, in October 2015 state officials imposed an execution moratorium, and the case was administratively closed by agreement for an indefinite period of time to permit the state to investigate and amend its execution procedures. [1] [5]

Execution of Charles Frederick Warner

On January 15, 2015, Charles Frederick Warner was executed. On September 30, 2015, in investigations surrounding the planned execution of Richard Glossip, it became apparent that potassium acetate may have been used to execute Warner. [8] After his execution, the drug vials and syringes used in Warner's execution were submitted to the Office of Chief Medical Examiner. [8] On October 8, 2015, it was reported that, contrary to protocol, the Oklahoma Department of Corrections officials had used potassium acetate to execute Warner on January 15, 2015. [8] An attorney representing Glossip and other Oklahoma death row inmates said logs from Warner's execution initialed by a prison staff member indicated the use of potassium chloride; however, an autopsy report showed twelve vials of potassium acetate were used. [9]

Planned execution of Richard Glossip

Oklahoma planned to execute Richard Glossip on September 30, 2015. [2] Officials discovered that they had been delivered the drug potassium acetate instead of potassium chloride, which had been used in the botched execution of Lockett. [2] After learning of the discrepancy, Governor of Oklahoma Mary Fallin called off Glossip's execution with a last-minute, indefinite stay, claiming it was a precaution since the doctor and pharmacist working with the Department of Corrections agreed that potassium chloride and potassium acetate were medically interchangeable. [2] [8] Scott Pruitt, Oklahoma Attorney General at the time, ordered a multicounty grand jury investigation of the execution drug error. [10]

Moratorium

The several botched executions resulted in a moratorium on executions in Oklahoma from October 2015 until 2021. [11] On February 13, 2020, Oklahoma announced plans to resume executions in a press conference attended by Governor Kevin Stitt, Oklahoma Attorney General Michael J. Hunter and Department of Corrections Director Scott Crow. [2] Stitt stated that "It is important that the state is implementing our death penalty law with a procedure that is humane and swift for those convicted of the most heinous of crimes, and claimed that Oklahoma had found a "reliable supply of drugs" to resume lethal injections. [2]

Reopening of lawsuit

Following the end of the moratorium, on February 27, 2020, more than two dozen inmates filed a Motion to Reopen Case by All Plaintiffs, claiming the new lethal injection protocol was incomplete. [11] [12] Although the case had been before the United States Supreme Court at the preliminary injunction stage, that had involved an earlier version of Oklahoma's lethal injection protocol. [1] On March 19, 2020, the case was officially reopened. [1] The plaintiffs claim the sedative midazolam, one of three drugs administered during Oklahoma's execution process, causes fluid to quickly build up in the lungs, creating a feeling of suffocation. [5] They also claim that a second drug, potassium chloride, causes extreme pain "similar to being burned alive" if the person being executed maintains consciousness. [5] The State of Oklahoma claims that the previously botched executions were caused by inadequate training and relaxed protocols. The State claims the protocols and training have since been updated and corrected. [5]

In May 2020, the Attorney General of Oklahoma told the court it would not set execution dates for any of the prisoners named in the lawsuit. [11] On July 6, 2020, a Third Amended Complaint was filed in the case and the case name was changed to Richard Glossip, et al., v. Randy Chandler et al.. [1] [13] This amended complaint challenges the state's new execution protocol. [1]

In August 2021, United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma Judge Stephen Friot dismissed parts of the Third Amended Complaint, ruling that because six inmates had not specified an alternative execution method to lethal injection, they could no longer be included in the lawsuit. [11] Several of the inmates refused to choose an alternative method of execution based on religious grounds. [14] Following their removal from the lawsuit, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals set execution dates for five of the former plaintiffs, including John Grant, Julius Jones, Donald Grant, Gilbert Postelle, and James Coddington. [14] [11] The remaining twenty-six plaintiffs were allowed to proceed on challenges to Oklahoma's execution protocol under the United States Constitution, the Oklahoma Constitution and other laws. [1]

On October 15, 2021, United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit ruled that the lower court made a mistake by dismissing the six prisoners from the lawsuit. [11] Despite the former attorney general's earlier commitment to stay execution dates for plaintiffs in the lawsuit, his successor, John M. O'Connor, moved forward with scheduling dates, and John Grant was executed on October 28, 2021. [5] [11] [15] An autopsy showed that John Grant suffered a flash pulmonary edema, which is a rapid build-up of fluid creating the feeling of suffocation or drowning. [5] [16] In addition to the edema, John Grant experienced intramuscular hemorrhaging and aspirated on his vomit as a direct result of the lethal injection. [5] [16]

Following the botched October 2021 execution of John Grant, four Oklahoma death row inmates who had scheduled execution dates, Gilbert Postelle, Julius Jones, Wade Lay, and Donald Grant, sued for an injunction. [17] They argued that Oklahoma officials had not resolved concerns about the state's execution method and asked that their executions be stayed until a hearing could be held on February 28, 2022. [5] [4] [17] In November 2021, the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit rejected the inmates' request to intervene. [17] On January 27, 2022, the day Donald Grant was scheduled to be executed, Donald Grant and Gilbert Postelle requested an emergency stay of execution from the United States Supreme Court which was denied. [18] Donald Grant was executed by lethal injection and declared dead at 10:16 a.m CST. [19] On February 17, 2022, Postelle was executed by lethal injection and was pronounced dead at 10:14 a.m. CST. [20]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lethal injection</span> Form of execution involving injection of chemicals into the bloodstream

Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person for the express purpose of causing rapid death. The main application for this procedure is capital punishment, but the term may also be applied in a broader sense to include euthanasia and other forms of suicide. The drugs cause the person to become unconscious, stops their breathing, and causes a heart arrhythmia, in that order.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capital punishment in the United States</span> Legal penalty in the United States

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Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium acetate</span> Colourless soluble salt of acetic acid

Potassium acetate (also called potassium ethanoate), (CH3COOK) is the potassium salt of acetic acid. It is a hygroscopic solid at room temperature.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Execution of Clayton Lockett</span> Botched execution in Oklahoma

The death of Clayton Derrell Lockett occurred on April 29, 2014, when he suffered a heart attack during an execution by lethal injection in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Lockett, aged 38, was convicted in 2000 of murder, rape, and kidnapping.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Execution of Joseph Wood</span> Botched execution in Arizona

Joseph Rudolph Wood III was an American convicted murderer executed on July 23, 2014, at Florence State Prison in Arizona, with a two-hour lethal injection procedure that was described as "botched". Wood gasped and snorted for an hour and fifty-seven minutes after the drugs were injected, and the entire procedure took almost two hours; experts said the execution should have taken about ten minutes.

Glossip v. Gross, 576 U.S. 863 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held, 5–4, that lethal injections using midazolam to kill prisoners convicted of capital crimes do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Court found that condemned prisoners can only challenge their method of execution after providing a known and available alternative method.

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Richard Eugene Glossip is an American prisoner currently on death row at Oklahoma State Penitentiary after being convicted of commissioning the 1997 murder of Barry Van Treese. The man who murdered Van Treese, Justin Sneed, had a "meth habit" and agreed to plead guilty in exchange for testifying against Glossip. Sneed received a life sentence without parole. Glossip's case has attracted international attention due to the unusual nature of his conviction, namely that there was little or no corroborating evidence, with the first case against him described as "extremely weak" by the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doyle Hamm</span> American convicted murderer and botched execution survivor

Doyle Lee Hamm was an American death row inmate in Alabama, who was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1987 murder of Patrick Cunningham, whom he killed while committing a robbery. While on death row, Hamm developed lymphatic cancer, which made it difficult to impossible to achieve the venous access necessary to administer the drugs used in lethal injections. Despite months of warning by Hamm's attorney and human rights observers and a decades' long legal battle, the Alabama Department of Corrections attempted to execute Hamm on February 22, 2018. The unsuccessful execution attempt lasted nearly three hours and drew international attention. In March 2018, Hamm and the state of Alabama reached a confidential settlement, the terms of which precluded a second execution attempt, giving Hamm a de facto sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole, although his sentence was not formally commuted. Hamm remained in prison until his death from cancer-related complications in 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Execution of Carey Dean Moore</span> 2018 execution in Nebraska

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Bucklew v. Precythe, 587 U.S. ___ (2019), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding the standards for challenging methods of capital punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In a 5–4 decision, the Court held that when a convict sentenced to death challenges the State's method of execution due to claims of excessive pain, the convict must show that other alternative methods of execution exist and clearly demonstrate they would cause less pain than the state-determined one. The Court's opinion emphasized the precedential force of its prior decisions in Baze v. Rees and Glossip v. Gross.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Execution of Dennis McGuire</span> Botched execution in Ohio

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Execution of John Grant</span> 2021 execution by the state of Oklahoma

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Gilbert Ray Postelle was an American mass murderer who was sentenced to death and executed for his involvement in a quadruple murder in Oklahoma. He was executed on February 17, 2022, by lethal injection.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Shelden, Dana (August 11, 2021). "Oklahoma death row prisoners' secure right for new trial in their Eighth Amendment challenge to state lethal injection protocol". Oklahoma City Sentinel. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Haynes, Danielle (February 13, 2020). "Oklahoma to resume executions after 5-year hiatus". UPI. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Stanton, Kate (April 24, 2014). "Oklahoma inmate suffers fatal heart attack in botched execution". UPI. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  4. 1 2 "Waiting to die... the seven men on death row who may be executed before appeal". The Independent. October 26, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ross, Keaton (February 18, 2022). "A Lawsuit Challenging Oklahoma's Lethal Injection Protocol is Going to Trial. Here's What's at Stake". Oklahoma Watch . Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  6. ↑ Editorial Board (January 27, 2015). "The Humane Death Penalty Charade". New York Times.
  7. 1 2 Liptak, Adam (June 29, 2015). "Supreme Court Allows Use of Execution Drug". New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Wrong drug used for January execution, state records show". Oklahoman. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  9. ↑ "Latest: AG's Letter Contradicts Inmates Autopsy Report". ABC News. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  10. ↑ Green, Rick (February 11, 2016). "Governor's legal counsel resigns four months after testifying before grand jury". Oklahoman. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Haynes, Danielle (October 16, 2021). "Appeals court reinstates several Oklahoma death row prisoners to lawsuit". UPI. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  12. ↑ "MOTION TO REOPEN ACTION WHICH WAS ADMINISTRATIVELY CLOSED" (PDF). Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  13. ↑ "THIRD AMENDED COMPLAINT" (PDF). Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  14. 1 2 Clay, Nolan (February 1, 2022). "Supporters of death row inmate Gilbert Ray Postelle want governor to delay execution". The Oklahoman. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
  15. ↑ Clay, Nolan (January 12, 2022). "Oklahoma execution doctor paid $15,000 each time death penalty carried out". The Oklahoman. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  16. 1 2 "Autopsy Shows John Grant Suffered Pulmonary Edema and Intramuscular Hemorrhage and Aspirated Vomit During Oklahoma Execution". Death Penalty Information Center. February 14, 2022. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  17. 1 2 3 "Federal court rejects appeal by four Oklahoma death row inmates". NBC News. November 13, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  18. ↑ "EMERGENCY APPLICATION FOR STAY OF EXECUTION" (PDF). Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  19. ↑ Brewer, Graham Lee (January 27, 2022). "Double murderer Donald Grant executed by lethal injection in Oklahoma". NBC News. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  20. ↑ "U.S.: Oklahoma executes Gilbert Postelle for role in 2005 "blitz attack" that left 4 people dead". CBS News. February 18, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
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