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The chief instrument through which judicial activism has flourished in India is Public Interest Litigation (PIL) or Social Action Litigation (SAL). Public interest litigation (PIL) refers to litigation undertaken to secure public interest and demonstrates the availability of justice to socially-disadvantaged parties and was introduced by Justice P. N. Bhagwati. It is a relaxation on the traditional rule of locus standi. Before 1980s the judiciary and the Supreme Court of India entertained litigation only from parties affected directly or indirectly by the defendant. It heard and decided cases only under its original and appellate jurisdictions. However, the Supreme Court began permitting cases on the grounds of public interest litigation, which means that even people who are not directly involved in the case may bring matters of public interest to the court. It is the court's privilege to entertain the application for the PIL.
Claude Alphonso Alvares is an Indian environmentalist based in Goa. Alvares is the editor of the Other India Press and Director of the Goa Foundation, an environmental monitoring action group that has filed successful public interest litigation cases.
Vedanta Resources Limited is a global diversified mining company headquartered in London, England. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and has mining operations in Australia and Zambia and oil and gas operations in three countries. Its main products are Zinc, Lead, Silver, Oil & Gas, Iron Ore, Steel, Aluminium and Power. It has also developed commercial power stations in India in Odisha and Punjab.
Environment policies of the Government of India includes legislations related to environment.
Sterlite Copper is a subsidiary of Sterlite industries, a company owned by Vedanta Limited.
The CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) is a research institute created and funded by Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 with focus on water supply, sewage disposal, communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial pollution and occupational diseases found common in post-independent India. NEERI is a pioneer laboratory in the field of environmental science and engineering and part of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). NEERI has five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. NEERI falls under the Ministry of Science and Technology (India) of the central government. The NEERI is an important partner organisation in India's POPs national implementation plan (NIP).
There are many environmental issues in India. Air pollution, water pollution, garbage, domestically prohibited goods and pollution of the natural environment are all challenges for India. Nature is also causing some drastic effects on India. The situation was worse between 1947 through 1995. According to data collected and environmental assessments studied by World Bank experts, between 1995 through 2010, India has made some of the fastest progress in addressing its environmental issues and improving its environmental quality in the world. Still, India has a long way to go to reach environmental quality similar to those enjoyed in developed economies. Pollution remains a major challenge and opportunity for India.
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Vanashakti is a non-profit environmental NGO based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was formed in 2006, by Meenakshi Menon, Namita Roy Ghose, and Peter Armand Menon. Vanashakti aims to conserve the forests, wetlands, wildlife corridors, habitats, through education and litigation to achieve its objectives of creating awareness about environmental topics, protecting and reviving rivers and preventing opencast mining in areas that are well-endowed with biodiversity. It also directs its efforts in involving local forest-dwelling communities to protect the biodiversity of the region and provides sustainable livelihood options for forest dependent and coastal communities. Vanashakti's thrust areas are forest, mangrove and wetland protection, environmental education for both urban and rural schools, livelihoods for forest based communities and scientific investigation into local environmental degradation.
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Mopa International Airport is an under-construction greenfield airport being built at Mopa in Pernem taluka, North Goa district in the State of Goa, India. GMR Goa International Airport Limited (GGIAL), a special purpose vehicle (SPV), will develop the airport. The ₹ 3000 crore airport will be built under the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) model in four phases, with the first phase costing a total of ₹ 1,500 crore. It was expected to be completed by financial year 2019–2020, but has been delayed to 2022 due to a Supreme Court order, that impeded work on site, and also due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which caused lockdowns, restrictions and curfews, resulting in lack of labour and delays in construction.
The Goenchi Mati Movement is an environmental campaign over the issue of mining in Goa that has put forth the demand for the setting up of a "Goenchi Mati Permanent Fund" to "preserve our ancestral wealth for future generation". In the local Konkani language, the words "Goenchi Mati" literally means soil of Goa.
Indian environmental law concerns the law and policy of India concerning the protection of the environment, measures taken to reverse climate change and achieve a zero carbon economy.
References
- ↑ "GOA, GOA, GONE?". The Globe and Mail . 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
- ↑ Harding, Paul (2003). Goa. Lonely Planet. p. 18. ISBN 1-74059-139-9.
- ↑ Singh, Sarina (2003). India . Lonely Planet. pp. 37. ISBN 1-74059-421-5.
Goa Foundation +plastic.
- ↑ "Order" (Microsoft Word Document). Ministry of Environment and Forests. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
- ↑ "Supreme Court panel raps State pollution board". The Hindu . 2004-11-29. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ Jan 25, TNN / Updated; 2022; Ist, 07:45. "NGT paves way for Tiracol bridge construction to continue | Goa News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)