The works of J. R. R. Tolkien have generated a body of research covering many aspects of his fantasy writings. These encompass The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, along with his legendarium that remained unpublished until after his death, and his constructed languages, especially the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin. Scholars from different disciplines have examined the linguistic and literary origins of Middle-earth, and have explored many aspects of his writings from Christianity to feminism and race.
Hellenic is the branch of the Indo-European language family whose principal member is Greek. In most classifications, Hellenic consists of Greek alone, but some linguists use the term Hellenic to refer to a group consisting of Greek proper and other varieties thought to be related but different enough to be separate languages, either among ancient neighboring languages or among modern varieties of Greek.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument. It involves logical analysis of language and clarification of the meaning of words and concepts.
Richard John Alexander Talbert is a British-American contemporary ancient historian and classicist on the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was William Rand Kenan, Jr., Professor of History (1988-2020) and then Research Professor in charge of the Ancient World Mapping Center until his retirement in 2024. Talbert is a leading scholar of ancient geography and ideas of space in the ancient Mediterranean world.
Geoffrey Barraclough was an English historian, known as a medievalist and historian of Germany.
Jeremy Black is a British historian, writer, and former professor of history at the University of Exeter. He is a senior fellow at the Center for the Study of America and the West at the Foreign Policy Research Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US.
James Bysse Joll FBA was a British historian and university lecturer whose works included The Origins of the First World War and Europe Since 1870. He also wrote on the history of anarchism and socialism.
Robert Buzzanco is a scholar of 20th century U.S. history and diplomatic history. He is also an author focusing on the Vietnam War and aligns with the "orthodox" historiographical school. Buzzanco received his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University, and currently teaches at the University of Houston. Buzzanco has lectured at national conferences on the Second Gulf War, globalization and the influence of the industrial military complex. Among his many other professional activities, he has served as the Chair of the Stuart L. Bernath Lecture Prize Committee for Society of Historians of American Foreign Relations. Buzzanco has also contributed to national newspapers and magazines such as the Baltimore Sun, Houston Chronicle, and Newsday magazine. He has been interviewed or cited by various international media such as the BBC, NPR, the Financial Times, Al-Jazeerra, and the Islamic News Network.
Nicholas "Nick" James Atkin was professor of modern European history at the University of Reading.
Germany's Aims in the First World War is a book by German historian Fritz Fischer. It is one of the leading contributions to historical analysis of the causes of World War I, and along with this work War of Illusions(Krieg der Illusionen) gave rise to the "Fischer Thesis" on the causes of the war. The title translates as "Grab for World Power". or "Bid for World Power". Essentially Fischer attempts to link together a continuum of German belligerence in its "grab for power" weaving it all together into a cohesive theme of German Weltpolitik.
Melvyn Paul Leffler is an American historian and educator, currently Edward Stettinius Professor of History at the University of Virginia. He is the winner of numerous awards, including the Bancroft Prize for his book A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration and the Cold War, and the American Historical Association’s George Louis Beer Prize for his book For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War.
Robert Ian Moore is a British historian who is Professor Emeritus of History at Newcastle University. He specialises in medieval history and has written several influential works on the subject of heresy. Moore was a pioneer in the UK of the teaching of world history to undergraduate students, has published numerous papers on comparative world history, and is series editor of the Blackwell History of the World.
This is intended to be as comprehensive a list as possible of encyclopedias and encyclopedic/biographical dictionaries ever published in any language. The list will not include reprinted editions but it is intended to list an alphabetical bibliography by theme and language to anything which resembles an A–Z encyclopedia or encyclopedic dictionary, both print and online. Entries are in the English language unless specifically stated as otherwise. Several entries may overlap and be listed under several different topics. For a simple list without bibliographic information see Lists of encyclopedias.
Pippa Poppy Catterall is a British academic historian who, since 2016, has been Professor of History and Policy at the University of Westminster. Her research has focused on twentieth-century history and politics, the mass media, conflict studies and nationalism.
Albert James Bergesen is an American sociologist and Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology at University of Arizona. He is also a Professor of Government and Public Policy, and Professor of Sociology in the McGuire Center for Entrepreneurship, at the Eller College of Management. He has published three books, edited five anthologies, authored hundreds of articles, and is cited in numerous fields, such as collective violence, international relations, world-systems analysis, environmental sociology, cultural sociology and organizational sociology.
Muriel Evelyn Chamberlain was emeritus professor of history at the University of Wales, Swansea. She was a specialist in European colonisation and de-colonisation and British foreign policy in the nineteenth century. Chamberlain was one of the general editors of the Historical Association Studies book series, vice-chair of the Historical Association and editor of its journal The Historian.
Michael Denis Biddiss is emeritus professor of history at the University of Reading. He specialises in the history of the development of racist ideology, and the history of medicine.
The historiography of Germany deals with the manner in which historians have depicted, analyzed and debated the history of Germany. It also covers the popular memory of critical historical events, ideas and leaders, as well as the depiction of those events in museums, monuments, reenactments, pageants and historic sites, and the editing of historical documents.
Peter Hamish Wilson, FRHistS is a British historian. Since 2015, he has held the Chichele Professor of the History of War chair at All Souls College, University of Oxford.
The Wisconsin School of American diplomatic history is a school of thought that emerged from the history department of the University of Wisconsin in the 1950s and 1960s. The school, exemplified by the work of William Appleman Williams and also including as core members Walter LaFeber, Thomas J. McCormick, and Lloyd Gardner, generally holds that economic reasons, and the desire for increased markets abroad, were the driver behind much of American foreign policy and the creation of an American empire during the 19th century. These beliefs – which consigned to subordinate status other possible explanations such as morality, security, and balance-of-power calculations – have been referred to as the "Open Door Interpretation", in reference to the Open Door Notes of 1899 and 1900.
