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Momordica charantia is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit.
Momordica balsamina is a tendril-bearing annual vine native to the tropical regions of Africa, introduced and invasive in Asia, Australia, Central America, and North America, where they have been found in some parts of Florida. In 1810, Thomas Jefferson planted this vine in his flower borders at Monticello along with larkspur, poppies, and nutmeg.
Cucurbitacin is a class of biochemical compounds that some plants – notably members of the pumpkin and gourd family, Cucurbitaceae – produce and which function as a defence against herbivores. Cucurbitacins are chemically classified as triterpenes, formally derived from cucurbitane, a triterpene hydrocarbon – specifically, from the unsaturated variant cucurbit-5-ene, or 19(10→9β)-abeo-10α-lanost-5-ene. They often occur as glycosides. They and their derivatives have been found in many plant families, in some mushrooms and even in some marine mollusks.
Momordicin I, or 3,7,23-trihydroxycucurbitan-5,24-dien-19-al, is a chemical compound found in the leaves of the bitter melon vine, possibly responsible for its reputed medicinal properties.
Momordicin is one of several compounds found in the bitter melon vine, including:
Momordicin-28 or 13-hydroxy-28-methoxy-urs-11-en-3-one is a triterpene compound with formula C
31H
50O
3 found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon.
Momordicinin (13β,28-epoxy-urs-11-en-3-one) is chemical compound, a triterpene with formula C
30H
46O
2, found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon.
Momordicilin or 24-[1′-hydroxy,1′-methyl-2′-pentenyloxyl]-ursan-3-one is a chemical compound, a triterpenoid with formula C
36H
60O
3, found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon.
Charantoside is any of several related cucurbitane triterpenoid glycosides found in the fruits bitter melon vine. They include:
Momordicoside is any of several related cucurbitane triterpenoid glycosides that can be extracted from the bitter melon vine (Momordica charantia). They include:
Karaviloside is any of several related cucurbitane triterpenoid glycosides found in bitter melon vine. They include:
Momordica foetida is a perennial climbing vine native of tropical Africa, closely related to the bitter melon and balsam apple. Its species name ("bad-smelling") refers to its unpleasant smell. It was previously named M. morkorra and M. cordata (Cogn.)
Charantin is a chemical substance obtained from the Asian bitter melon, reputed to be responsible for the hypoglycaemic properties of those plants. It was identified by Lolitkar and Rao in 1960. It was also found in the similar African species M. foetida, by A. Olaniyi in 1975, under the name foetidin.
Momordin or α-momorcharin is one of several related proteins isolated from several plants of the genus Momordica, which includes the bitter melon and the balsam apple.
Momordin is one of several saponins derived from oleanolic acid, a triterpenoid. These chemical compounds are found in some plants of the genus Momordica, which includes the bitter melon and the balsam apple, as well as in other Asian herbal medicine plants such as Kochia scoparia and Ampelopsis radix.
Cucurbitane is a class of chemical compounds with formula C
30H
54. It is a polycyclic hydrocarbon, specifically triterpene. It is also an isomer of lanostane, from which it differs by the formal shift of a methyl group from the 10 to the 9β position in the standard steroid numbering scheme.
A kuguaglycoside is one of several chemical compounds isolated from the roots of the bitter melon vine by J.-C. Chen and others.
A kuguacin is one of several chemical compounds isolated from the bitter melon vine by J.-C. Chen and others.
A momordicine is any of several compounds found in the bitter melon vine, Momordica charantia. They are glycosides of cucurbitane derivatives. They include
Neokuguaglucoside is a chemical compound with formula C
42H
66O
14, isolated from the fruit of the bitter melon vine, where it occurs at 23 mg/35 kg. It is a triterpene glucoside with the cucurbitane skeleton. It is a white powder, soluble in methanol and butanol.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Akihisa T, Higo N, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Akazawa H, Tochigi Y, Kimura Y, Suzuki T, Nishino H, et al. (2007). "Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from the Fruits of Momordica charantia and Their Cancer Chemopreventive Effects". Journal of Natural Products. 70 (8): 1233–1239. doi:10.1021/np068075p. PMID 17685651.
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