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Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, with over 270 million inhabitants—of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the more widely spoken languages in the world.
Malay is an Austronesian language officially spoken in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore and unofficially spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand. It is spoken by 290 million people across the Malay world.
In addition to its classical and literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the Malay archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay and in Malay Melayu Pasar. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.
The Malaysian language or Malaysian Malay, is the name regularly applied to the standardized form of Malay language used in Malaysia. Constitutionally, however, the official language of Malaysia is stated as "Malay", but the term "Malaysian" or Bahasa Malaysia is used on official contexts from time to time. Malaysian is standardized from the Johore-Riau dialect of Malay. It is spoken by much of the Malaysian population, although most learn a vernacular form of Malay or another native language first. Malay is a compulsory subject in primary and secondary schools.
Malay and Indonesian are two standardised varieties of the Malay language, used in Malaysia and Indonesia, respectively. Both varieties are generally mutually intelligible, yet there are noticeable differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords. The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education.
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Keling or Kling is a word used in parts of Southeast Asia to denote a person originating from the Indian subcontinent. This includes both those from India and overseas Indians. It is also an offensive noun to be used in this current era towards the Indians. In modern colloquial usage it is commonly not capitalised. The term is used in the Malay Archipelago — specifically Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei — but cognates exist in neighbouring countries as well. Although the early definition was neutral and linked to the historical Kalinga kingdom of Eastern India,
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Indonesian-Ukrainian dictionary by Mykhailo Izhyk is the first lexicographical work of Indonesian language in Ukrainian linguistics. It was released in 2013 by the publishing house "Chetverta Hvylia" with the financial support of the Embassy of the Republic Indonesia in Ukraine.
Jajan pasar refers to traditional Javanese cakes sold in the Javanese markets.
Béka Melayu, Cakap Melayu or Lidah Melayu is a linguistic purism of Malay language based on the Austronesian language group, especially the Malayic branches. This project is newly created by native cyberspace users on the Internet. It is also less known as Melayu Jati or Melayu Tulen, which means "pure Malay". Among the most significant foreign contributors to Malay vocabulary are English, Arabic, Sanskrit, Persian, Hokkien, and Tamil while Dutch is most spotted in Indonesian.
Tarawangsa is a traditional Sundanese musical instrument from West Java, Indonesia, in the form of a stringed instrument that has two strings made of steel or iron wire. Tarawangsa is an ensemble of chordophones of two musical instruments. One is called tarawangsa itself, played by swiping and the other is called jentreng played by picking. The art of Tarawangsa is performed in the Ngalaksa ceremony, which is a ceremony for abundant harvests. The ceremony in the traditional agrarian society of the Sundanese is always identified with the figure of Nyai Sri Pohaci or Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Dangdayang Asri or Dewi Asri or Dewi Sri as the Sundanese goddess of rice.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Sejarah Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia". Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- 1 2 3 van Dam, Nikolaos (15 February 2009). "A sophistication unfolds in a new dictionary". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ↑ Sugiharto, Setiono (4 April 2009). "'KBBI': Praise, critique from a language user". The Jakarta Post . Retrieved 23 September 2020.