According to William of Tyre, who calls him Guerus,[1] prior to 1167 he was an Augustinian canon of the Templum Domini in Jerusalem. When it was decided to restore the ancient diocese of Petra, the choice of bishop fell to Amalric of Nesle, Patriarch of Jerusalem, who appointed Guerricus.[2][3] Prior to his appointment, he had held no higher rank than that of a canon (priest).[4] According to the 13th-century jurist John of Ibelin, that prior to 1167 there was an archbishop at Babbat que les Grecs apelent Filadelfe (Rabba, which the Greeks call Philadelphia), either Bozrah or Amman, which was transferred in that year to Crac, et est appelé l'arcêveque de la Pierre dou Desert (Kerak, which is called the archbishopric of Petra of the Desert).[5]
The archbishops of Petra had been the metropolitans of the old Roman province of Arabia Petraea, which had been subject to the Patriarch of Antioch in antiquity. Thus, Patriarch Aimery requested Guerricus to submit to his authority, but in practice the archbishop of Petra continued to be subject to the Patriarch of Jerusalem.[1][6] Guerricus's pro-cathedral was established in a church of the faubourg of Kerak, and not the chapel of the castle. It was not set up in Petra.[2][7] In some late documents he is called archiepiscopus de Monte Regali, archbishop of Montréal, which was, along with Kerak, one of the major castles of Oultrejordain. He himself associated his bishopric with a castle, since he had one depicted on his seal along with the legend + PETRAS METROPOLIS ARABIE.[8]
There are references to a Greek Orthodoxbishop at Mount Sinai (which the Crusaders called Faraon) under the jurisdiction of Petra during Guerricus's time, but it is doubtful that the archbishop of Petra could have exercised any real authority over the Greek Orthodox church in Sinai, where Crusader control was fleeting.[5][9] Owing to its status as a newly restored see and a frontier see, the archbishopric of Petra owed neither knight-service nor serjeants for the royal army, an exemption it shared only with the bishopric of Baniyas and the bishopric of Beirut in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.[10]
In documents of 1174 and 1177, Guerricus refers to himself as the first Latin archbishop of Petra. In 1178, he came to an agreement with the Abbey of Saint Mary of the Valley of Jehosaphat whereby the abbey ceded all the tithes and parishes which had administered prior to 1167 to the archbishop save for those of four villages. This was a notably better deal than the bishop of Tiberias arranged with the abbey at the same time.[8] In 1181, Guerricus reached an agreement with the Knights Hospitaller whereby the latter would pay 40 bezants per year to the archdiocese in lieu of paying tithes on their properties in the diocese. They also agreed to pay half-tithes on any properties they acquired in the diocese in the future.[11] The last recorded act signed Guerricus as archbishop is dated to 21 April 1183.[1][8]
Guerricus was forced to abandon his see by the army of Saladin and, like many of the bishops of the kingdom, joined the army besieging Acre in 1189.[12] According to a contemporary document, he was still alive in late 1190. He is listed among those who died during the siege (that is, before the spring of 1191) by Roger of Howden.[8] No successor was appointed, since the diocese was no long under Crusader control.[5] A titular bishop was in office between 1227 and 1238, but his name is not recorded.[8]
The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem is the Latin Catholic ecclesiastical patriarchate in Jerusalem, officially seated in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. It was originally established in 1099, with the Kingdom of Jerusalem encompassing the territories in the Holy Land newly conquered by the First Crusade. From 1374 to 1847 it was a titular see, with the patriarchs of Jerusalem being based at the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura in Rome. A resident Latin patriarch was re-established in 1847 by Pius IX.
Isabella I was reigning Queen of Jerusalem from 1190 to her death in 1205. She was the daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his second wife Maria Comnena, a Byzantine princess. Her half-brother, Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, engaged her to Humphrey IV of Toron. Her mother's second husband, Balian of Ibelin, and his stepfather, Raynald of Châtillon, were influential members of the two baronial parties. The marriage of Isabella and Humphrey was celebrated in Kerak Castle in autumn 1183. Saladin, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt and Syria, laid siege to the fortress during the wedding, but Baldwin IV forced him to lift the siege.
Humphrey IV of Toron was a leading baron in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He inherited the Lordship of Toron from his grandfather, Humphrey II, in 1179. He was also heir to the Lordship of Oultrejourdan through his mother, Stephanie of Milly. In 1180, he renounced Toron on his engagement to Isabella, the half-sister of Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. The king, who had suffered from leprosy, allegedly wanted to prevent Humphrey from uniting two large fiefs. Humphrey married Isabella in Kerak Castle in autumn 1183. Saladin, the Ayyubbid sultan of Egypt and Syria, laid siege to Kerak during the wedding, but Baldwin IV and Raymond III of Tripoli relieved the fortress.
The Lordship of Oultrejordain or Oultrejourdain was the name used during the Crusades for an extensive and partly undefined region to the east of the Jordan River, an area known in ancient times as Edom and Moab. It was also referred to as Transjordan.
The Archbishop of Petra was the metropolitan bishop of the province of Palaestina Tertia.
Baldwin of Forde or Ford was Archbishop of Canterbury between 1185 and 1190. The son of a clergyman, he studied canon law and theology at Bologna and was tutor to Pope Eugene III's nephew before returning to England to serve successive bishops of Exeter. After becoming a Cistercian monk he was named abbot of his monastery at Forde and subsequently elected to the episcopate at Worcester. Before becoming a bishop, he wrote theological works and sermons, some of which have survived.
Reginald Fitz Jocelin was a medieval Bishop of Bath and an Archbishop of Canterbury-elect in England. A member of an Anglo-Norman noble family, he was the son of a bishop, and was educated in Italy. He was a household clerk for Thomas Becket, but by 1167 he was serving King Henry II of England. He was also a favourite of King Louis VII of France, who had him appointed abbot of the Abbey of Corbeil. After Reginald angered Becket while attempting to help negotiate a settlement between Becket and the king, Becket called him "that offspring of fornication, that enemy to the peace of the Church, that traitor." When he was elected as a bishop, the election was challenged by King Henry's eldest son, Henry the Young King, and Reginald was forced to go to Rome to be confirmed by Pope Alexander III. He attended the Third Lateran Council in 1179, and spent much of his time administering his diocese. He was elected Archbishop of Canterbury in 1191, but died before he could be installed.
Maria Komnene, Latinized Comnena, was the queen of Jerusalem from 1167 until 1174 as the second wife of King Amalric. She occupied a central position in the Kingdom of Jerusalem for twenty years, earning a reputation for intrigue and ruthlessness.
Roman of Le Puy, also known as Romanus of Puy, was the first lord of Oultrejordain in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from around 1120 to around 1126. He was a nobleman from Auvergne who accompanied Adhemar de Monteil, Bishop of Le Puy, to the Holy Land during the First Crusade. He signed royal charters during the reign of Baldwin I of Jerusalem. Baldwin I or his successor, Baldwin II of Jerusalem, granted Roman the important fief of Oultrejordain, or its northern region. He was deprived of most of his domains because of a rebellion against Baldwin II. He and his son lost their remaining estates after they were accused of conspiring against Baldwin II's successor, Fulk of Anjou, in the early 1130s.
Pagan the Butler was lord of Oultrejordain in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from around 1126. He was first mentioned as the butler of Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1120. He ordered the erection of Kerak Castle which became his seat in 1142.
The Prior of Christ Church was the prior of Christ Church Cathedral Priory in Canterbury, attached to Canterbury Cathedral.
Maurice of Montreal was Lord of Oultrejordain from around 1149. He succeeded his uncle, Pagan the Butler, and continued the construction of Kerak Castle. He granted fiefs to the Knights Hospitaller in his domains. He participated in the siege of Ascalon in 1153.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sidon was a bishopric in the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th and 13th centuries.
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tyre was an archbishopric in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
William I was the second Latin archbishop of Tyre from 1128 until 1134 or 1135. He was originally from England and served as prior of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre before his appointment as archbishop.
Roger was the second bishop of Lydda and Ramla from at least 1112 until 1147.
The Latin Diocese of Tripoli was established in 1104 in the aftermath of the First Crusade. It remained a residential bishopric until 1289, after which it became a titular bishopric, which it remains today in the Catholic Church.
Latin Diocese of Tortosa in Syria was a Roman Catholic diocese established in the Syrian city of Tartus after the First Crusade. It had a resident bishop between 1128 and 1291. The cathedral of Tortosa became the site of a Marian shrine.
Peter of Limoges was the archbishop of Caesarea from 1199 until his death.
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