Gustaf Adolf Ising | |
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Pronunciation | |
Born | |
Died | February 5, 1960 76) | (aged
Other names | Gustav Ising |
Education |
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Known for | Conceptualising the linear particle accelerator |
Spouse | |
Children | Anna Maria Berggren née Ising |
Parents |
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Scientific career | |
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Institutions | |
Thesis | Investigations concerning electrometers (1919) |
Gustaf Adolf Ising (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɡɵ̂sːtavˈɑ̂ːdɔlfˈîːsɪŋ] ;[ citation needed ] 19 February 1883 - 5 February 1960) was a Swedish metrologist, geophysicist, and accelerator physicist. [1] [2]
Ising earned his first academic degree (filosofie kandidat/Bachelor of Arts) at Uppsala University in 1903 and continued studying at Stockholm University [3] receiving his Ph.D. in 1919, [4] and receiving an honorary professor title in 1934. [5]
He is best known for the invention of the linear accelerator concept in 1924, [6] which is the progenitor of all modern accelerators based on oscillating electromagnetic fields. His article was then taken up and turned into practice by Rolf Widerøe, [7] also starting the development of cyclic accelerator structures like the cyclotron.
He was elected to the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1935, being a member of the Nobel Committee for Physics from 1947 to 1953, together with former Nobel laureate and chairman Manne Siegbahn, Svante Arrhenius, Erik Hulthen, Axel Edvin Lindh, Ivar Waller, and Gudmund Borelius. [8]
Carl XVI Gustaf is King of Sweden. He ascended the throne on the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf, on 15 September 1973.
A linear particle accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates charged subatomic particles or ions to a high speed by subjecting them to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beamline. The principles for such machines were proposed by Gustav Ising in 1924, while the first machine that worked was constructed by Rolf Widerøe in 1928 at the RWTH Aachen University. Linacs have many applications: they generate X-rays and high energy electrons for medicinal purposes in radiation therapy, serve as particle injectors for higher-energy accelerators, and are used directly to achieve the highest kinetic energy for light particles for particle physics.
Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn FRS(For) HFRSE was a Swedish physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy".
Rolf Widerøe was a Norwegian accelerator physicist who was the originator of many particle acceleration concepts, including the resonance accelerator and the betatron accelerator.
A betatron is a type of cyclic particle accelerator for electrons. It consists of a torus-shaped vacuum chamber with an electron source. Circling the torus is an iron transformer core with a wire winding around it. The device functions similarly to a transformer, with the electrons in the torus-shaped vacuum chamber as its secondary coil. An alternating current in the primary coils accelerates electrons in the vacuum around a circular path. The betatron was the first machine capable of producing electron beams at energies higher than could be achieved with a simple electron gun, and the first circular accelerator in which particles orbited at a constant radius.
Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was a member of the Swedish royal family and the mother of the current king of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf.
Walter Rogowski was a German physicist who bridged the gap between theoretical physics and applied technology in numerous areas of electronics. The Rogowski coil was named after him.
Count Gustaf David Gilbert John William Hamilton, was a Swedish noble and highly decorated soldier, holding Swedish, Finnish and German military honours.
Major General John Åge Lundström was a Swedish Air Force officer and horse rider who competed in the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics.
Lieutenant General Gustaf Peder Wilhelm Dyrssen was a Swedish Army officer and Olympic modern pentathlete.
Lieutenant General Count Wilhelm Archibald Douglas was a Swedish Army officer and nobleman who served as Chief of the Army from 1944 to 1948.
Gustaf VI Adolf was King of Sweden from 29 October 1950 until his death in 1973. He was the eldest son of Gustaf V and his wife, Victoria of Baden. Before Gustaf Adolf ascended the throne, he had been crown prince for nearly 43 years during his father's reign. As king, and shortly before his death, he gave his approval to constitutional changes which removed the Swedish monarchy's last nominal political powers. He was a lifelong amateur archeologist particularly interested in Ancient Italian cultures.
Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten was a Swedish prince who for most of his life was second in the line of succession to the Swedish throne. He was the eldest son of Gustaf VI Adolf, who was crown prince for most of his son's life and ascended the Swedish throne three years after his son's death. The current king, Carl XVI Gustaf, is Prince Gustaf Adolf's son. The prince was killed on 26 January 1947 in an airplane crash at Kastrup Airport, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Admiral Claës Fabian Tamm was a Swedish Navy officer. He served as the Chief of the Navy from 1939 to 1945.
Gustaf Lorentz Munthe was a Swedish writer, art historian and art teacher. He was head of Röhsska Craft Art Museum in Gothenburg from 1924 to 1945 and was also prolific as a writer of the museum's publications. During World War II, Munthe served as head of the M Group of the intelligence agency C-byrån in Gothenburg during World War II, helping the Norwegian resistance movement. He served as chairman and was a member of a number of associations, companies, foundations, guilds and societies.
Lieutenant General Erik Mathias Hjalmar Gustafsson Testrup was a Swedish Army officer. His senior commands include commanding officer of the Eastern Army Division of the IV Army Division, Commandant General of Stockholm Garrison and as military commander of the IV Military District.
Lieutenant General Gustaf Adolf Westring was a Swedish Air Force officer. Westring served as commanding officer of Västmanland Wing, as head of the Royal Swedish Air Force Staff College, as Chief of the Air Staff and as head of the Swedish National Defence College. He was also head of the Swedish contingent to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC).
Vice Admiral Carl Holger Holter Henning was a Swedish Navy officer. Henning served as Chief of the Military Office of the Ministry of Defence from 1961 to 1970.
Gunhild Bergh was a Swedish literary historian, travel writer, and newspaper journalist. She was the second Swedish woman to be awarded a PhD in literary history. The Swedish Academy hired her during the 1950s to write reports on the two Italian Nobel Prize in Literature nominees, Alberto Moravia and Riccardo Bacchelli.