Gustav Ferdinand Carl Johann Ernst Ludwig Freiherr von Schenk zu Schweinsberg (16 September 1842 - 25 July 1922 [1] ) was a German minor nobleman, regional historian (specialising in the history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse) and archivist. He belonged to the Hermannstein line of the Schenk zu Schweinsberg noble family. [2]
He was born in Kassel to First Lieutenant (later Royal-Prussian Major General) Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Freiherr von Schenk zu Schweinsberg (died 5 October 1877, Kassel) and his wife Tusnelda von Eschwege (died 1886). [3] One of his father's brothers was Ludwig Johann Schenck zu Schweinsberg.
After preschool in Kassel, he attended the Hohe Landesschule in Hanau. He then became a cadet in the Hessian army at Kassel, serving from 1860 in the Leibgarde-Regiment. After Hesse was defeated in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, he renounced an offer to transfer to the Prussian Army and instead began studying law and history at the University of Giessen. These studies were interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, during which he was an officer in the 1. Großherzoglich Hessischen Leibgarde-Regiment and was wounded at the Battle of Gravelotte. [4]
After the war he returned to his studies and graduated as a doctor of law in 1873 and a doctor of philology. He remained in Giessen as a Regierungsakzessist in Hesse's civil service, before moving to the Duchy's state archive at Darmstadt in the same position in 1875. In 1876 he became secretary to the Grand Duchy of Hesse Historical Society, becoming its Chaiman in 1890. [5] He was made chairman of the archives in 1877, with the job title 'Haus- und Staatsarchivar', and in 1886 its director. In the meantime, in 1879, Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse made him his chamberlain. In 1902 he designed a new coat of arms for Hesse. [6]
He also served from 1907 to 1911 as a state member of the Grand Duchy of Hesse Historical Commission. [1] He was a member of the Grand Duchy's first-ever 'Denkmalrat' (Monuments Commission), formed by Hesse's 1902 Monument Protection Act, Germany's first-ever modern law for the protection of historic monuments. [7] He retired from his archives post at his own request in 1911 [1] and died eleven years later in Fronhausen.
Gustav Schenk zu Schweinsberg married Emilie Anna Johanna Emma Ernestine von Grolman (born 11 June 1852 in Giessen), daughter of Ludwig von Grolman, a Hofgerichtsrat. With her he had:
Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse, was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor, Wilhelm II. He was elected King of Finland on 9 October 1918, but renounced the throne on 14 December 1918.
Ludwig Samson Heinrich Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen was a Bavarian general.
The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 to 1918. The grand duchy originally formed from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse. It assumed the name Hesse und bei Rhein in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse, which had formed from the neighbouring Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. Colloquially, the grand duchy continued to be known by its former name of Hesse-Darmstadt.
The House Order of the Golden Lion was an order of the German Landgraviate and Electorate of Hesse-Kassel and later, the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine. It was first instituted in 1770 by Landgrave Frederick II, in honour of and under the patronage of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, an ancestor of the House of Hesse, and was intended to award auspicious merit.
The 25th Division, officially the Grand Ducal Hessian (25th) Division, was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was headquartered in Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The division was subordinated in peacetime to XVIII Army Corps when that corps was formed in 1899. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.
The Royal Prussian and Grand-Ducal Hessian State Railways was a state-owned network of independent railway divisions in the German states of Prussia and Hesse in the early 20th century. It was not, as sometimes maintained, a single state railway company.
Ernst Karl Ferdinand von Prittwitz und Gaffron was a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General and Knight of Justice of the Order of Saint John.
Friedrich Zacharias Schwally was a German Orientalist with professorships at Strasbourg, Gießen and Königsberg. He held the degrees of PhD, Lic. Theol., Dr. Habil., and the Imperial honour of the Order of the Red Eagle, Class IV. He was one of the first significant academics in the field of Quranic studies.
Arthur Adolf, Count of Posadowsky-Wehner, Baron of Postelwitz was a German conservative statesman. He served as the secretary for the Treasury (1893–1897), secretary of the Interior, vice-chancellor of the German Empire and Prussian minister of State (1897–1907).
Alexander, Prince of Erbach-Schönberg was the 2nd Prince of Erbach-Schönberg, eldest son of Gustav, 1st Prince of Erbach-Schönberg.
Arnold Christian Maria Joseph Rüdiger Freiherr von Biegeleben was a German general during World War II who commanded the 6th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
Frederick V Louis William Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg was from 1751 to his death landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.
Prince Herman Adolf of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich was a German nobleman from the House of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich and a politician.
The General Honour Decoration was a civil and military decoration of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Established 25 September 1843, the medal could be awarded to recognize several different accomplishments or merits, such as military merit, lifesaving and long service. The reason for the award of the medal was determined by the inscription on the reverse of the medal, with the obverse bearing the effigy of the reigning Grand Duke of Hesse.
The Order of Merit of Philip the Magnanimous was an order of chivalry established by Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse on 1 May 1840, the name day of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, in his honour to award extraordinary military or civil merit. It was the second-highest order of the Grand Duchy of Hesse before 1876, when it was displaced to third by the revived Order of the Golden Lion, the former paramount order of the Electorate of Hesse.
Gerhard Menk was a German historian and archivist.
Friedrich Uhlhorn was an honorary professor at the Philipps-Universität Marburg, whose scientific focus was on the history of the State of Hesse and was also known for his work outside Hesse. His special scientific interest was mainly focused on the problems of historical cartography. In collaboration with Edmund Ernst Stengel, he published the Geschichtlichen Atlas von Hessen, which is considered his major work. He also wrote the article Die deutschen Territorien. A: The West, which deals with the West German regional history. Likewise he was responsible as editor for the Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte by Bruno Gebhardt.
Buchenau is a district of the market town Eiterfeld in the district of Fulda and has around 350 inhabitants.
Prince Heinrich of Hesse and by Rhine was a member of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt and a General of the Cavalry.
Friedrich von Scholl, born Friedrich Ludwig Karl Ernst Wilhelm Georg Scholl, was a Colonel General in the Prussian and Imperial German armies, and adjutant in the court of Kaiser Wilhelm II. He was a relative of physicist Wilhelm Hallwachs.
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