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The politics of Zimbabwe occurs in a society deeply divided along lines of race, ethnicity, gender and geography. The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party.
Masvingo, previously named Victoria, is a province in southeastern Zimbabwe. It has a population of 1.485 million as of the 2012 census, ranking fifth out of Zimbabwe's ten provinces. Established by the British South Africa Company, it was one of the five original provinces of Southern Rhodesia. In 1982, two years after Zimbabwean independence, it was renamed Masvingo Province. The province is divided into seven districts, including Masvingo District, which contains the provincial capital Masvingo City.
The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution, the House of Assembly has 270 members. 210 are elected for five-year terms by single-member constituencies. Furthermore, the constitution specifies that for the two first parliaments, there are 60 additional seats reserved for women, 6 seats per province, which are filled based on the votes for in the single-member constituencies, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the largest remainder method and the hare quota. The Senate has 80 members: 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10 provinces, elected based on the votes in the lower house election, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the hare quota. Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV, 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs and 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.
Marondera East is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Marondera District in Mashonaland East Province. Its current MP since the 2023 general election is Vimbayi Mutokonyi of ZANU–PF.
Mutasa South is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Manicaland Province. Its current MP since a 2022 by-election is Misheck Mugadza of ZANU–PF. The seat was previous represented by Regai Tsunga of the Movement for Democratic Change Alliance until he was recalled in 2021.
Mutoko North is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Mutoko District in Mashonaland East Province. Its current MP since the 2023 election is Caleb Makwiranzou of ZANU–PF.
Bikita is a district in the Masvingo Province of Zimbabwe. It borders with Gutu District, Zaka District, Chipinge District, Chiredzi District, Buhera District and Mwenezi District. It is located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Masvingo. Its administration is at Nyika Growth Point but initially it was at Bikita Office, 11km south of Nyika towards Jerara Growth Point in Zaka District.
Air Chief Marshal Josiah Tungamirai, born Thomas Mberikwazvo, was a Zimbabwean military officer and politician. He was commander of the Air Force and later served as Minister of State for Indigenization and Empowerment in President Robert Mugabe's government before his death in 2005.
Gutu is the third largest district in Masvingo Province, southern Zimbabwe, after Chiredzi and Mwenezi. It is the northernmost district in the province. The name "Gutu" is historically reported to have emerged from "Chinomukutu wemiseve" – meaning, "the one with a load of arrows". This is according to oral historical folklore of the "Gumbo" clan who are said to have taken over the area from the "Shiri" clan through killing them by poisoning the fruit trees in the "Gona" area. Mupandawana is the largest district service centre. It was designated as a "growth point" during the early years of independent Zimbabwe together with such places as Gokwe in the Midlands Province and Juru in Mashonaland East province. Mpandawana gained town status in April 2014.
Gutu is a constituency represented in the Senate of Zimbabwe. It covers most of the Gutu district in Masvingo Province, and is one of six senatorial constituencies in the province.
Zhombe is a constituency represented inf the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Zhombe, Midlands Province. Its current MP since the 2018 election is Edmore Samambwa of ZANU–PF.
Zvimba East is a constituency represented the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Zvimba District in Mashonaland West Province. The seat is currently vacant following the November 2023 recall of Oliver Mutasa, the constituency's MP since the 2023 election. A by-election is scheduled to take place in February 2024.
Masvingo South is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Masvingo District in Masvingo Province. Created for the 1985 election, its inaugural member, Eddison Zvobgo of ZANU–PF, held the seat for 19 years until his death in 2004. The current MP since the 2023 election is Tanatsiwa Mukomberi of ZANU–PF.
Christopher Peter Mutekwatekwa Chingosho is a Zimbabwean politician who is currently a member of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe for Headlands since 2015. He also served as deputy minister of local government and housing from 2017 to 2018. Previously, he worked in several government ministries and as a district and provincial administrator. He is a member of ZANU–PF, having joined the party in Mozambique during the Rhodesian Bush War in 1975.
General elections were held throughout Zimbabwe on 23 and 24 August 2023 to elect the president, legislators and councillors. The main race for presidential office was between two candidates of Karanga origin: ZANU–PF's Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa and Citizens Coalition for Change's Nelson Chamisa. The voter rolls for the election increased to 6.5 million, up from 5.8 million in 2018.
Headlands is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Reportedly the country's largest by area, it was created in 2008 with territory taken from the Makoni North constituency. Located in Makoni District in Manicaland Province, its current MP since the 2023 general election is Farai Mapfumo of ZANU–PF.
Mount Darwin North is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Its current MP since the 2023 general election is Labbany Munemo of ZANU–PF.
Mangwe is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Mangwe District in Matabeleland South Province. It is currently represented since the 2023 election by Vincent Sihlabo of ZANU–PF.
The 2023 Zimbabwean general election was held in Zimbabwe on 23 August 2023 for the presidency and to set the membership of the 10th Parliament, consisting of the Senate and National Assembly.
Gutu West is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Gutu District in Masvingo Province. Its current MP since the 2023 election is John Paradza of ZANU–PF. It is predominantly Karanga, Ndau and Hera constituency.
References
- ↑ 2022 Report on the Delimitation Exercise (PDF). Zimbabwe Electoral Commission. 2022. pp. xvi–xvii – via Veritas.
- ↑ "MPs and Senators declared elected after 30 July 2018_harmonised elections". veritaszim.net. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ↑ Chikuhwa, Jacob (2004). A Crisis of Governance: Zimbabwe. New York: Algora Publishing. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-87586-286-6.