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H. G. Landau | |
---|---|
Born | Hyman Garshin Landau December 18, 1909 |
Died | December 2, 1966 56) | (aged
Alma mater | Carnegie Institute of Technology (BS, MS) University of Pittsburgh (PhD) |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | Ballistic Research Laboratory University of Chicago Columbia University |
Hyman Garshin Landau (December 18, 1909 – December 2, 1966), more often known as H. G. Landau, was an American mathematical biologist, statistician and sociologist who is known for using mathematical methods such as graph theory to understand animal behavior and social dynamics. After receiving his doctorate in statistics from the University of Pittsburgh, he worked at the Ballistic Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, while teaching part-time at the University of Delaware. He carried out his seminal work at the University of Chicago on graph tournaments. [1] Later, he moved to Columbia University after being forced to leave Chicago by the House Un-American Activities Committee. [2]
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to organismic and populations. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, molecular biology, physical chemistry, physiology, nanotechnology, bioengineering, computational biology, biomechanics, developmental biology and systems biology.
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A tournament is a directed graph (digraph) obtained by assigning a direction for each edge in an undirected complete graph. That is, it is an orientation of a complete graph, or equivalently a directed graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a directed edge with any one of the two possible orientations.
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A tournament solution is a function that maps an oriented complete graph to a nonempty subset of its vertices. It can informally be thought of as a way to find the "best" alternatives among all of the alternatives that are "competing" against each other in the tournament. Tournament solutions originate from social choice theory, but have also been considered in sports competition, game theory, multi-criteria decision analysis, biology, webpage ranking, and dueling bandit problems.
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